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Unsustainable artificial intelligence and algorithmically facilitated emissions: The case for emissions-reduction-by-design
University of Borås, Faculty of Librarianship, Information, Education and IT.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8293-8208
Division of Environmental Communication, Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4777-3134
Department for Technology and Society, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6735-3893
2025 (English)In: Big Data and Society, E-ISSN 2053-9517, Vol. 12, no 3, article id 20539517251365226Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Sustainable development
According to the author(s), the content of this publication falls within the area of sustainable development.
Abstract [en]

This commentary discusses the role of increasingly artificial intelligence-infused big tech platforms in facilitating and normalising high-emission lifestyles and consumption practices. It introduces the notion of algorithmically facilitated emissions to initiate a shift from a logic of ‘climate collapse by design’ to a logic of ‘emissions reduction by design’. Reducing consumption-based emissions from high-income households and countries is critical for avoiding runaway climate change, and it necessitates redesigning the digital infrastructures that connect production and consumption. Big tech's high-reach artificial intelligence platforms hold a central infrastructural position in many markets and societies. They discursively turn issues into commodities, thereby incentivising unsustainable mass consumption and high-carbon lifestyles. A main argument advanced in the article is that algorithmic and environmental harms are inextricably linked, but neither research nor policy has the terminology to discuss and address this. While the direct negative effects of artificial intelligence development, foundation model training, data centres, and digital devices on the environment are receiving increasing attention in academia and society, the downstream harms resulting from the environmentally unsustainable values underpinning decisions made by artificial intelligence-infused general-purpose platforms remain largely unnoticed. The commentary proposes that the development and impact assessment of big tech platforms ought to be brought in line with a default logic of ‘emissions reduction by design’. For this purpose, we introduce the concept of algorithmically facilitated emissions, defined as downstream emissions that are made possible, more likely, or more intense because people or organisations act in response to or anticipate algorithmic decisions that prioritise high-carbon practices and lifestyles.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2025. Vol. 12, no 3, article id 20539517251365226
Keywords [en]
algorithmic harms, Big tech, carbon emissions, climate crisis, environmental harms, sustainability by design
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences Information Studies
Research subject
Library and Information Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-34206DOI: 10.1177/20539517251365226ISI: 001546450700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105013347811OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hb-34206DiVA, id: diva2:1995956
Funder
Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, Mistra Environmental CommunicationSwedish Research Council Formas, 2022-01352_FormasSwedish Research Council, 2023-01549_VRAvailable from: 2025-09-08 Created: 2025-09-08 Last updated: 2026-03-20Bibliographically approved

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Haider, Jutta

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