The Silk Road brought together the achievements of the different peoples of Eurasia to advance the Old World as a whole. But until now, the origins of these routes and relationships have not been examined in detail, regarding Azerbaijan. Kundu (2012) claims that for more than a decade, Indian merchants passed through Azerbaijan while traveling towards Europe, allowing Azerbaijan to emerge as the largest trade center on the Silk Route. In the present paper it is intended to illuminate the historical background against which the silk road flourished, shedding light on the importance of old-world cultural exchange between India and Azerbaijan and the importance of that to Eurasian and world history. The purpose is also to highlight the Indian and Azerbaijani merchants’ activities and contributions to Azerbaijan in the Middle Ages, to create a rich and varied portrait of life along the greatest trade route in history in a vivid, lively, and learned account that spans the eighth through the tenth centuries. The special focus of this study is on the Azerbaijan’s part in the picture of events. Recounting the different historical scenes at different times during this period, the contemporary sources are drawn on and firsthand accounts are used whenever possible to reconstruct the history of the route through the personal experiences of these characters. On the other, it is intended to highlight specific examples of goods and ideas exchanged between the Mediterranean, Persia, India, and China, along with the significance of these exchanges