Purpose - The objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of modus operandi of modern sea piracy by data existed in the relevant sources. A simple framework of understating the subject is brought as the authors’ contribution. Design/methodology/approach – Analysis was done through constructing a database according to sea piracy reports of International Maritime Organization (IMO) website. It has continued by investigating in some of the economical, social and other parameters of some countries with coastlines. In the end, it has introduced a framework of understanding of the modern sea piracy. Findings – Piracy has a long history, as an easy way of achieving commodities. In the last decade, there was an outbreak trend in East Africa region emerging Somalia pirates. In the beginning of 2000s, there were South China Sea and Malacca Straits regions that were the important arena of pirates. Besides a weak and powerless government, bad economical situation, the main issue in East Africa piracy was the volume of the commodities that was (and is) transported via coasts of Horn of Africa. Practical implications- In this study, two research questions were followed: how the piracy attacks have been done and observing how some related countries look like. Research limitations/implications – Being a literature review, this thesis project is not responsible for the correctness of the sources and not by any means if a company or an organization uses its results or recommendations. Originality/value –Using valid sources, it is a unique work of authors; not manipulating others’ work; that has investigated those reports and addressed supplementary points that enhance the understanding of the modus operandi and some state backgrounds of sea pirates in 2000s. Paper type – Case study / literature review.