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Teknikcentrerad eller personalorienterad automation? En jämförande studie av arbetsupplevelser i högautomatiserade lager
University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
2026 (Swedish)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 80 credits / 120 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Technology centered or employee oriented automation? A comparative study of employee work experiences in highly automated warehouses (English)
Abstract [sv]

Denna uppsats undersöker hur olika angreppssätt vid implementering och design av automationssystem påverkar lagerpersonalens arbetsupplevelser. Uppsatsen fokuserar specifikt på hur ett teknikcentrerat respektive sociotekniskt angreppssätt påverkar personalens upplevelser av autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet, samt hur detta relaterar till motivation, arbetstillfredsställelse och psykologisk reaktans. Bakgrunden till studien är den ökande automatiseringen inom lagerverksamheter, där tidigare forskning främst fokuserat på tekniska och ekonomiska effekter, medan den mänskliga dimensionen fått mindre uppmärksamhet. Samtidigt visar forskning att automationens effekter i hög grad påverkas av hur tekniken implementeras och integreras i organisationens sociala system. Studien utgår därför från ett sociotekniskt perspektiv och bygger teoretiskt på sociotekniska systemteorin (STS), självbestämmandeteorin (SDT) samt teorin om psykologisk reaktans (PRT). Uppsatsen genomfördes som en kvalitativ jämförande flerfallsstudie av två högautomatiserade lagerverksamheter med olika implementeringsstrategier. Datainsamlingen bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer med lagerpersonal och chefer samt observationer av arbetsmiljö och arbetsprocesser. Det empiriska materialet analyserades genom en teoridriven tematisk analys. Resultaten visar att automation kan bidra till positiva effekter såsom minskad fysisk belastning, effektivare arbetsprocesser och ökad säkerhet. Samtidigt framkommer att automatiseringen även kan leda till monotona arbetsuppgifter, minskad spontan social interaktion och begränsad autonomi. Studien visar tydliga skillnader mellan de två fallen. I det fall där implementeringen kännetecknades av delaktighet, kommunikation och hänsyn till personalens arbetsmiljö upplevde personalen högre motivation och arbetstillfredsställelse samt lägre grad av motstånd mot tekniken. I det fall där implementeringen var mer teknikcentrerad och mindre demokratisk framkom däremot lägre motivation, försämrade relationer mellan ledning och personal samt tydligare psykologisk reaktans. Studien visar att automationens effekter i hög grad påverkas av hur tekniken implementeras och integreras i organisationens sociala system. Resultaten understryker vikten av ett sociotekniskt perspektiv där tekniska och mänskliga aspekter gemensamt optimeras. För att skapa hållbara och effektiva automatiserade lagerverksamheter behöver organisationer därför utveckla implementeringsstrategier som främjar delaktighet, autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet genom tydlig kommunikation, inflytande och människocentrerad arbetsdesign.

Abstract [en]

Abstract This thesis examines how different approaches to the implementation and design of automation systems affect warehouse employees’ work experiences. The study specifically focuses on how a technology-centered versus a sociotechnical approach influences employees’ experiences of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and how these experiences relate to motivation, job satisfaction, and psychological reactance. The background of the study is the increasing automation within warehouse operations, where previous research has primarily focused on technical and economic outcomes, while the human dimension has received less attention. At the same time, research indicates that the effects of automation are strongly influenced by how the technology is implemented and integrated into the organization’s social system. The study therefore adopts a sociotechnical perspective and is theoretically grounded in Sociotechnical Systems Theory (STS), Self-Determination Theory (SDT), and Psychological Reactance Theory (PRT).The thesis was conducted as a qualitative comparative multiple-case study of two highly automated warehouse operations with different implementation strategies. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with warehouse employees and managers, as well as observations of the work environment and work processes. The empirical material was analyzed using a theory-driven thematic analysis. The findings show that automation can contribute to positive outcomes such as reduced physical strain, more efficient work processes, and improved workplace safety. At the same time, the results indicate that automation may also lead to monotonous work tasks, reduced spontaneous social interaction, and limited autonomy. Clear differences were identified between the two cases. In the case where the implementation was characterized by employee participation, communication, and consideration of the work environment, employees reported higher levels of motivation and job satisfaction, as well as lower levels of resistance toward the technology. In contrast, the case characterized by a more technology-centered and less democratic implementation process was associated with lower motivation, deteriorated relationships between management and employees, and clearer signs of psychological reactance. The study demonstrates that the effects of automation are strongly influenced by how the technology is implemented and integrated into the organization’s social system. The findings highlight the importance of a sociotechnical perspective in which technical and human aspects are jointly optimized. To create sustainable and effective automated warehouse operations, organizations therefore need to develop implementation strategies that promote participation, autonomy, competence, and relatedness through clear communication, employee influence, and human-centered work design.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2026.
Keywords [en]
warehouse automation, sociotechnical systems, self-determination theory, psychological reactance, motivation, job satisfaction, warehouse employees, automation implementation
Keywords [sv]
lagerautomation, sociotekniska system, självbestämmandeteorin, psykologisk reaktans, motivation, arbetstillfredsställelse, lagerpersonal, automatiseringsimplementering
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-36220OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hb-36220DiVA, id: diva2:2104202
Subject / course
Business Administration
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2026-09-23 Created: 2026-09-23 Last updated: 2026-09-23Bibliographically approved

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VT2026MASF02(960 kB)18 downloads
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