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Karbonatisering i betong, utfasning av fenolftalein som indikator
2026 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Carbonation in concrete, the phase-out of phenolphthalein as an Indicator (English)
Abstract [sv]

Det vanligaste sättet att bestämma karbonatiseringsdjup i betong är genom applicering av indikatorlösningar, där fenolftalein traditionellt används. Eftersom fenolftalein misstänks vara cancerframkallande och enligt REACH klassificeras som ett ämne som bör fasas ut, har intresset för alternativa indikatorer ökat, med målet att utveckla säkrare metoder för bedömning av karbonatiseringsdjup.

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka vilka materialparametrar och omgivningsförhållanden som påverkar betongens motstånd mot karbonatisering och att jämföra fenolftalein med alternativa indikatorlösningar, såsom 1 % tymolftalein, 1 % BTB + tymolftalein samt 1 % curcumin + tymolftalein, för bestämning av karbonatiseringsdjup i betong.

Studien omfattar litteraturstudier, fältförsök och laboratorieförsök. I litteraturstudien undersöktes faktorer såsom vattencementtal, bindemedel, täckskikt och härdning i relation till karbonatiseringsmotstånd. Fältstudien genomfördes i samband med ett studiebesök där två byggnader med pågående balkongrenoveringar besöktes och flera naturligt karbonatiserade betongelement undersöktes. Laboratorieförsöken utfördes under kontrollerade förhållanden med accelererad karbonatisering.

Undersökningen kompletterades även med kemiska och mikrostrukturella analysmetoder, inklusive optisk mikroskopi, Fouriertransform infraröd spektroskopi (FTIR) och termogravimetrisk analys (TGA).

Resultaten visar att de undersökta indikatorerna ger olika visuella kontraster, vilka korrelerar med specifika kemiska förändringar som identifierats genom FTIR- och TGA-analyser.

Abstract [en]

The most common method for determining the carbonation depth in concrete is the application of indicator solutions, where phenolphthalein has traditionally been used. Since phenolphthalein is suspected to be carcinogenic and, according to REACH, is classified as a substance that should be phased out, interest in alternative indicators has increased, with the aim of developing safer methods for assessing carbonation depth.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate which material parameters and environmental conditions influence the carbonation resistance of concrete and to compare phenolphthalein with alternative indicator solutions, such as 1% thymolphthalein, 1% BTB + thymolphthalein, and 1% curcumin + thymolphthalein, for determining carbonation depth in concrete.

The study includes a literature review, field investigations, and laboratory experiments. The literature review examined factors such as water-cement ratio, binder type, concrete cover, and curing in relation to carbonation resistance. The field study was conducted in connection with a site visit during which two buildings undergoing balcony renovations were inspected and several naturally carbonated concrete elements were examined. The laboratory experiments were carried out under controlled conditions using accelerated carbonation.

The investigation was further complemented by chemical and microstructural analysis methods, including optical microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

The results show that the investigated indicators produce different visual contrasts, which correlate with specific chemical changes identified through FTIR and TGA analyses.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2026.
Keywords [sv]
Betong, karbonatisering, pH-värde, fenolftalein, curcumin, tymolftalein, bromtymolblått
National Category
Civil Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-36210OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hb-36210DiVA, id: diva2:2103320
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Available from: 2026-09-22 Created: 2026-09-21 Last updated: 2026-09-22Bibliographically approved

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