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Verbal Descriptors for Electrotactile Stimulation
University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9545-6371
University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1949-3365
HMI/ EEMCS lab, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7065-2640
HMI/ EEMCS lab, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands and TNO, Soesterberg, Netherlands.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6511-2850
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2026 (English)In: CHI '26: Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM Digital Library, 2026, article id 551Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Electrotactile stimulation can evoke a wide range of sensations, including taps, squeezes, and strokes. Although verbal descriptors are available for vibrotactile and ultrasound stimuli, a comprehensive list has not been developed for electrotactile experiences. To address this, we used a text normalization approach to generate descriptors for wearable electrotactile research and design. In Experiment 1 (N=14), Dutch participants provided 504 open-ended descriptions in response to 36 electrotactile stimuli on the forearm. These were processed into 71 unique English descriptors with considerable inter-rater reliability. Experiment 2 (N=24) evaluated a reduced list of 42 descriptors under additional stimulation conditions, showing robust and consistent descriptor usage, also across varying stimulus intensities. This list partially overlaps with previous non-electrotactile descriptor lists but also includes terms that seem to be unique to electrotactile sensations. Altogether, our findings contribute to the development of common verbal descriptors for electrotactile stimulation, supporting future wearable haptic research and design.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ACM Digital Library, 2026. article id 551
National Category
Other Medical Engineering
Research subject
Textiles and Fashion (General)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-35478DOI: 10.1145/3772318.3791521OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hb-35478DiVA, id: diva2:2052612
Conference
2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Barcelona, 13–17 April, 2026
Note

Funding: This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Doctoral Network “SOFTWEAR” (HORIZON-MSCA-2021-DN), project number 101072920

Available from: 2026-04-13 Created: 2026-04-13 Last updated: 2026-04-14Bibliographically approved

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van Schaik, MelissaGuo, LiPersson, Nils-Krister

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van Schaik, MelissaGuo, LiMader, Angelikavan Erp, JanPersson, Nils-Krister
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4142434445464745 of 47
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