Searching for ways to develop the field of textile design, this research aims to explore and introduce abstract design variables in surface pattern design processes. Workshop experiments with design students were used as a practical method. The purpose of the workshops was to introduce rules as design variables, and to understand the roles that they play in design processes and how they affect a design outcome, in order to open up for unexpected and unpredictable results. Another aim was to provide a foundation for reflection and critical discussion about using unconventional means for developing methods in pattern design and how that can influence the design process. The results shows that the students’ design solutions were clearly influenced by the provided rules and opened up for another approach and awareness to alternative design methods. The analysis utilised a phenomenographic approach, wherein the intention was to study and describe the different types of experiences that can occur when designing surface patterns with these design variables, and to catalogue examples of the ways in which the participants interpreted these in their design processes. The implication of this research is in-depth knowledge of the field of textile design and surface patterns, and the highlighting of an area that is rarely in focus within design research. The main purpose has been to contribute to a broadening of the understanding of the design of surface patterns; to open up, develop and change design processes.