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Cronholm, S., Andersson, L. & Göbel, H. (2025). Arbetsmiljö i en digital värld.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Arbetsmiljö i en digital värld
2025 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Förekomsten av artificiell intelligens (AI) blir alltmer påtaglig inom handelssektorn. Tekniker som automatisering, robotisering, maskininlärning och business intelligence lockar företag i alla storlekar. Idag finns många exempel på hur AI används inom handeln, såsom personaliserad marknadsföring, smart produktrekommendation, omnichannel-lösningar, virtuell shopping, returhantering, algoritmer för att minska koldioxidutsläpp, digitala assistenter och prediktionsanalyser för lagerhantering baserat på tidigare leverans- och försäljningsdata. Dessa tillämpningar visar att handeln genomgår ett digitalt skifte som fundamentalt kommer att förändra arbetsmiljön och arbetsvillkoren inom sektorn. Införandet av AI innebär att förutsättningar, genomförande och konsekvenser av arbetsutförandet kommer att förändras dramatiskt. 

Enligt Arbetsmiljölagen (2002:5850) ska arbetsgivaren systematiskt planera, leda och kontrollera verksamheten på ett sätt som leder till att arbetsmiljön uppfyller föreskrivna krav på en god arbetsmiljö. Lagen omfattar även anställdas interaktion med avancerad teknik som AI. Vår utgångspunkt är att AI på flera sätt kan bidra positivt till handelns utveckling men att människors unika förmågor och intelligens är i grunden avgörande. Dock finns det flera utmaningar med att AI används på arbetsplatser som behöver hanteras.

Projektet har inte studerat fysiska aspekter av arbetsmiljöer som till exempel säkerhet och ergonomi. Projektet har i stället fokuserat på organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljöer. Arbetsmiljöverket (2015) definierar organisatorisk arbetsmiljö som de villkor och förutsättningar för arbetet som inkluderar ledning och styrning, kommunikation, delaktighet, handlingsutrymme, fördelning av arbetsuppgifter samt krav, resurser och ansvar. Social arbetsmiljö definieras som de villkor och förutsättningar för arbetet som inkluderar socialt samspel, samarbete och socialt stöd från chefer och kollegor. Organisatoriska och sociala aspekter är särskilt relevanta för arbetsmiljöer där AI används eftersom de i hög grad påverkar organisering av anställdas arbete i relation till AI och social interaktion på arbetsplatser. 

Mot denna bakgrund har projektets syfte varit att utifrån organisatoriska och sociala aspekter a) identifiera utmaningar som medarbetare upplever i samband med användning av AI, b) utveckla en modell för uppföljning av arbetsmiljöer där AI används och c) jämföra den utvecklade modellen AI-PROAM med arbetsmiljöverkets modell för systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete (SAM) för att kunna beskriva hur AI-PROAM kan komplettera SAM.

Projektet har identifierat åtta utmaningar som presenterats på formen förutsättningar, handlingar och konsekvenser samt relaterat dessa utmaningar till varandra för att skapa en övergripande helhetsförståelse. Dessa utmaningar är: kontroll, ansvar, meningsfullhet, deltagande, AI strategi, formell utbildning och kontinuerligt lärande, människa-AI beslutsfattande samt välbefinnande och arbetstillfredsställelse.

Projektets huvudbidrag är en modell (AI-PROAM) för att stödja uppföljning av arbetsmiljöer där AI används. Modellen består av fem faser: förberedelser, risk- och problemanalys, åtgärder, uppföljning av åtgärder samt reflektion och lärande. Modellen bygger på etablerade teorier om goda arbetsmiljöer där digital teknik används, feedback från de medverkande företag och synpunkter från referensgruppen.

Vi har till viss del inspirerats av modellen för systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete (SAM) som utvecklats av Arbetsmiljöverket. Efter en jämförelse mellan AI-PROAM och SAM kan vi konstatera att AI-PROAM kan komplettera SAM på flera sätt:

·      SAM är en generell modell medan AI-PROAM är en specifik modell för arbetsmiljöer där AI används.​ Detta kan innebära att SAM inte fullt ut stödjer kontextspecifika och komplicerade förhållanden som till exempelanvändning av AI på arbetsplatser. 

·      AI-PROAM specifik orientering mot organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljöaspekter. SAM har ingen specifik orientering mot särskilda aspekter utan syftar till att stödja alla typer av arbetsmiljöer.

·      SAM har en övergripande processorientering med en tydlig huvudprocess och ett antal stödprocesser. AI-PROAM är också processorienterad men består av ett mer detaljerat processtöd som inkluderar förslag på aktiviteter, metodik för att utföra aktiviteter och förslag på enkätfrågor som är relatera till de identifierade utmaningarna.

Utifrån våra resultat kan vi dra slutsatsen att AI-PROAM har bidragit till att utveckla kunskap om utmaningar i arbetsmiljöer där AI används och att AI-PROAM utifrån testning bemötts positivt av de medverkande företagen. Därför är vår uppfattning att AI-PROAM bidrar till en praktisk nytta för handelsföretag och anställda. Vårt förslag till fortsatt forskning är att tillämpa AI-PROAM i flera studier för att kunna stärka modellens faser och aktiviteter samt vidareförbarhet till andra företag och sektorer.

Publisher
p. 44
National Category
Information Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-34170 (URN)
Funder
Swedish Retail and Wholesale Development Council
Available from: 2025-08-30 Created: 2025-08-30 Last updated: 2025-09-24Bibliographically approved
Cronholm, S., Göbel, H. & Drechsler, A. (2025). Creating Design Knowledge: The Interplay Between Kernel Theory and Practice. In: In Proceedings of the Australasian Conference of Information Systems (ACIS). 3-5 Dec, Sunshine Coast, Australia: . Paper presented at Australasian Conference of Information Systems (ACIS), 1-5 Dec 2025, Brisbane, Australia.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Creating Design Knowledge: The Interplay Between Kernel Theory and Practice
2025 (English)In: In Proceedings of the Australasian Conference of Information Systems (ACIS). 3-5 Dec, Sunshine Coast, Australia, 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

One essential element of design science research (DSR) is kernel theory, which plays a critical role in the development of design knowledge. Kernel theory is employed in the theoretical grounding process to justify and guide the development of emergent design knowledge. Another common way to justify design knowledge is empirical grounding. However, these two grounding processes are not mutually exclusive. We argue that there exists a dynamic interplay between the application of kernel theories as a deductive inference strategy and the analysis of empirical data resulting in insights from practice as an inductive inference strategy. Based on an analysis of a DSR project involving nine companies, we have examined this interplay to propose guidelines. These guidelines aim to assist in navigating the complexities of theory and practice, ultimately supporting the development of robust and innovative artefacts. We state that our findings contribute to knowledge about how kernel theories can interplay with practice.

Keywords
Design Science Research, Kernel Theories, Design Knowledge
National Category
Information Systems, Social aspects
Research subject
Business and IT
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-34759 (URN)
Conference
Australasian Conference of Information Systems (ACIS), 1-5 Dec 2025, Brisbane, Australia
Available from: 2025-12-20 Created: 2025-12-20 Last updated: 2026-01-08Bibliographically approved
Cronholm, S. & Strömberg Jämsvi, S. (2025). Design and Evaluation of Education: Integration of University and Company Values and Goals. In: : . Paper presented at 36th Australasian Association for Engineering Education Annual Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 7 – 10 December 2025.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Design and Evaluation of Education: Integration of University and Company Values and Goals
2025 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

CONTEXT

Due to the rapid development of technology, there is a growing demand for reskilling and upskilling from employee and company perspectives to maintain competitive competence. It is a challenging task for universities to meet the companies’ requests for relevant and practical knowledge and, at the same time, ensure that education rests on methodological rigour and solid theories. To address this challenge requires a deeper understanding of the underlying values and goals of both parties. Our study addresses a particular cohort of learners, who are returning adult/professionals, and not those going directly from school to university.

PURPOSE OR GOAL

The purpose of our study is to present guiding principles for designing and evaluating university courses, supporting the inclusion of both university and company perspectives. Our research question reads, “What guiding principles could support the inclusion of both company and university perspectives when designing and evaluating education offered by universities?

APPROACH OR METHODOLOGY/METHODS

We have conducted a qualitative study encompassing 60 interviews and three focus groups with managers and operational staff from universities and companies. The data was analysed using the six interrogatives: what, why, who, when, where and how.

ACTUAL OUTCOMES

The overall outcome to meet the increasing demand for reskilling and upskilling is that close collaboration between companies and universities is necessary, and that evaluation must be jointly reviewed on a regular basis. Our study presents six guiding principles.

CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS/SUMMARY

Our primary conclusion is that the design and evaluation of courses must be based on the integration of values and goals of both companies and universities. We can also conclude that the companies will perceive the university as an attractive education partner if their values and goals are reflected in the design and evaluation of the courses. We have also found that possible value or goal conflicts need to be resolved in consensus.

Keywords
University and company collaboration, reskilling and upskilling, lifelong learning, course evaluation
National Category
Information Systems, Social aspects
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-34758 (URN)
Conference
36th Australasian Association for Engineering Education Annual Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 7 – 10 December 2025
Funder
Knowledge Foundation
Available from: 2025-12-20 Created: 2025-12-20 Last updated: 2026-01-14Bibliographically approved
Tate, M., Cronholm, S. & Salomonson, N. (2025). Look in the Mirror: A Research Agenda for Introducing AI Tools for Service Recovery. In: Proceedings of Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS): . Paper presented at Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), 14-16 Aug, Montreal, Canada.. , 3
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Look in the Mirror: A Research Agenda for Introducing AI Tools for Service Recovery
2025 (English)In: Proceedings of Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), 2025, Vol. 3Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper examines the impacts of AI tools on customer service recovery responses, with a focus on the customer experience and the well-being of service recovery staff. We find that the tools themselves are neutral in terms of their effects but can be implemented in helpful or negative ways. Based on our analysis we propose a series of research questions 

Keywords
Service recovery response, artificial intelligence, employee well-being.
National Category
Business Administration Information Systems, Social aspects
Research subject
Business and IT
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-34190 (URN)
Conference
Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), 14-16 Aug, Montreal, Canada.
Available from: 2025-09-04 Created: 2025-09-04 Last updated: 2025-10-01Bibliographically approved
Göbel, H., Mirbaha, M. & Cronholm, S. (2025). Towards Digital Strategizing Tools. In: : . Paper presented at International Conference on Design Science Research Information Systems and Technology, 2-4 June, Jamaica.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Towards Digital Strategizing Tools
2025 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Refereed)
National Category
Information Systems
Research subject
Business and IT
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-34299 (URN)
Conference
International Conference on Design Science Research Information Systems and Technology, 2-4 June, Jamaica
Available from: 2025-09-24 Created: 2025-09-24 Last updated: 2025-09-24Bibliographically approved
Cronholm, S., Göbel, H., Sjöström, J. & Juell-Skielse, G. (2024). Generalisation of Design Science Research. In: Proceedings of European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS). 17-19 June, Cyprus.: . Paper presented at European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Cyprus, 17-19 June..
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Generalisation of Design Science Research
2024 (English)In: Proceedings of European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS). 17-19 June, Cyprus., 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In several design science research (DSR) frameworks and methods, the need for generalising problemsand solutions has been emphasised. For example, various DSR studies present generalised designprinciples as nascent theories. Due to the creative and contextual nature of DSR, several scholars reportthat generalisation can be challenging. The challenge is particularly valid for single qualitative studiesbecause the design of an artefact always reflects the circumstances in the context where it is to be used.Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present guidelines regarding generalisation. The suggestedguidelines are: strategically plan the generalisation process, validate the generalised knowledge toaugment the reusability and find an appropriate generalisation level. The formulation of the guidelinesis based on the analyses of three DSR projects and insights from previous knowledge. Our knowledgecontribution consists of prescriptive knowledge (guidelines) as a complement to existing explanativeand descriptive knowledge.

Keywords
Design science research, Design science, Generalisation, Projectability
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Business and IT; Business and IT
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-32578 (URN)
Conference
European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Cyprus, 17-19 June.
Available from: 2024-09-20 Created: 2024-09-20 Last updated: 2025-09-24
Sjöström, J. & Cronholm, S. (2024). Meta-requirements for LLM-Based Knowledge Exploration Tools in Information Systems Research. In: Munir Mandviwalla, Matthias Söllner, Tuure Tuunanen (Ed.), Design Science Research for a Resilient Future: 19th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology, DESRIST 2024, Trollhättan, Sweden, June 3–5, 2024, Proceedings. Paper presented at 19th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology, DESRIST 2024, Trollhättan, Sweden, June 3–5, 2024. (pp. 424-439).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Meta-requirements for LLM-Based Knowledge Exploration Tools in Information Systems Research
2024 (English)In: Design Science Research for a Resilient Future: 19th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology, DESRIST 2024, Trollhättan, Sweden, June 3–5, 2024, Proceedings / [ed] Munir Mandviwalla, Matthias Söllner, Tuure Tuunanen, 2024, p. 424-439Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The problem we address in this paper is that the potential impact of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the research practice in information systems is not well understood. The focus has been on how LLMs could support literature review processes. Therefore, this paper aims to advance knowledge on how Large Language Models (LLMs) could support knowledge exploration through literature reviews. The knowledge contribution consists of meta-requirements that inform the design of LLM-based tools assisting knowledge exploration. The meta-requirements are theoretically justified by scrutinizing established IS literature review methodologies, reported challenges of LLMs and design process experiences. Furthermore, we introduce an LLM supported literature review process model that maps the relationships between the meta-requirements and specific phases of the process model. This work contributes to the field by providing a foundation for designing transparent, controllable, and resource-efficient tools for knowledge exploration, and supporting the rigor of knowledge exploration in information systems research. 

Keywords
LLM, meta-requirements, literature review, knowledge exploration
National Category
Information Systems, Social aspects
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-32617 (URN)10.1007/978-3-031-61175-9_29 (DOI)001285477600029 ()
Conference
19th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology, DESRIST 2024, Trollhättan, Sweden, June 3–5, 2024.
Available from: 2024-09-25 Created: 2024-09-25 Last updated: 2025-09-24Bibliographically approved
Cronholm, S. (2024). Method Support for Diverse Epistemological Claims in DesignScience Research. In: ACIS 2024 Proceedings: . Paper presented at Australasian Conference on Information Systems 2024, 4-6 December, 2024, Canberra, Australia. , Article ID 66.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Method Support for Diverse Epistemological Claims in DesignScience Research
2024 (English)In: ACIS 2024 Proceedings, 2024, article id 66Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Epistemologically, outcomes from Design Science Research (DSR) are usually regarded as prescriptiveresearch. However, the DSR process involves the creation of knowledge types of other epistemologicalcharacters. Several DSR scholars have made knowledge contributions to the DSR process. We have identified that the epistemological character of these contributions is often implicit and that they often lackmethod support on the micro level. We state that epistemology plays a vital role because it justifies different knowledge types and provides good reason to believe in a claim. Therefore, the purpose of thispaper is to suggest method components justifying knowledge types related to the DSR process. Our findings are based on the analysis of a DSR project that applied method components on the micro level. Wehave applied a practice-oriented perspective to understand what method components researchers andpractitioners applied during organisational intervention. 

Keywords
Design Science Research, Action Design Research, Epistemology, Design Principles, Design Theory
National Category
Information Systems, Social aspects
Research subject
Business and IT; Business and IT
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-34208 (URN)
Conference
Australasian Conference on Information Systems 2024, 4-6 December, 2024, Canberra, Australia
Available from: 2025-09-08 Created: 2025-09-08 Last updated: 2025-09-24Bibliographically approved
Cronholm, S., Göbel, H. & Shrestha, A. (2024). Researcher-Practitioner Collaboration in Action Design Research. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 28
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Researcher-Practitioner Collaboration in Action Design Research
2024 (English)In: Australasian Journal of Information Systems, ISSN 1449-8618, E-ISSN 1326-2238, Vol. 28Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Action Design Research (ADR) is a well-known research method within Design Science Research (DSR). An essential characteristic of the ADR method is the need for researcher-practitioner collaboration (RPC). While there is abundant research on RPC regarding information systems projects in general concerning explanatory and normative knowledge, there is very limited prescriptive knowledge on how to execute RPC in ADR projects. Successful collaboration in ADR projects is imperative since the development of socio-technical IT artefacts requires frequent interaction in organisational contexts. However, RPC can be hard to manage due to competing interests. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present prescriptive knowledge for how to manage RPC. We have analysed a collaborative ADR project consisting of several researchers and practitioners. Based on a grounded theory approach, we have developed theoretical models based on challenges identified in an ADR project. The models provide prescriptive knowledge regarding: shape the IT artefact based on organisational intervention, exploit the mutual dependency between developing design principles and IT artefacts, and contextualise and generalise learning. Each model involves logical relationships between: conditions for the challenges, actions taken to address the challenges and consequences of the actions taken. The guidelines were deducted from the models and consist of recommendations that could be considered in future ADR projects.

Keywords
researcher-practitioner collaboration, action design research, ADR projects, design science research, academy-industry collaboration
National Category
Information Systems
Research subject
Business and IT
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-32579 (URN)10.3127/ajis.v28.4281 (DOI)001314064900004 ()
Available from: 2024-09-20 Created: 2024-09-20 Last updated: 2025-09-24Bibliographically approved
Cronholm, S., Göbel, H. & Cao, L. (2023). Abductive Design Science Research: The Interplay between Deduction and Induction. In: : . Paper presented at 34th Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS). Wellington, New Zealand, Dec 6-8. 2023..
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Abductive Design Science Research: The Interplay between Deduction and Induction
2023 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Design science research (DSR) aims to generate knowledge about innovative solutions to real-world problems. DSR studies usually involve inductive, deductive or abductive inference strategies to generate design knowledge. However, applying these strategies has often remained implicit, which means that the transparency of the research processes could be questioned (e.g. openness, honesty). This study focuses on abductive DSR, which is often regarded as a combination of inductive and deductive strategies. Based on our literature review, we can conclude that there is a lack of prescriptive support for how to conduct abductive DSR. We have also identified that the concept of abduction is omitted in well- known DSR frameworks/methods. To address this research gap, our study applies a qualitative content analysis to analyse two abductive DSR PhD theses. The analysis outcome is a conceptual model describing central relationships and an abductive DSR process model illustrating movements between the theoretical and empirical domains. 

Keywords
Abduction, design science, design science research, action design research, abductive reasoning
National Category
Information Systems, Social aspects
Research subject
Business and IT
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-30925 (URN)2-s2.0-85192515185 (Scopus ID)
Conference
34th Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS). Wellington, New Zealand, Dec 6-8. 2023.
Available from: 2023-11-24 Created: 2023-11-24 Last updated: 2025-09-24Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-1452-4206

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