Aim

To explore improvement facilitators' experiences of handling their commission to implement evidence-based practice in elderly care for frail older persons.

Background

Improvement facilitators were put in place across Sweden in a time-limited project by the government, with one part of the project being to evaluate the model before establishing this facilitation of evidence-based practice in elderly care.

Method

Two focus groups were interviewed twice. Each group comprised three respondents. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings

A main theme, ‘Moving forward by adjusting to the circumstances’, described how the improvement facilitators handle their commitment. Five subthemes emerged: identifying barriers, keeping focus, maintaining motivation, building bridges and finding balance.

Conclusion

The improvement facilitators' commitment is ambiguous because of unclear leadership of, and responsibility for the national investment. They have to handle leaders' different approaches and justify the need for evidence-based practice. The improvement facilitators did not reflect on the impact of programme adaptations on evidence-based practice.

Implications for nursing management

The findings emphasise the need for collaboration between the improvement facilitator and the nurse manager. To fully implement evidence-based practice, negotiations with current practitioners for adaptation to local conditions are necessary. Furthermore, the value of improving organisational performance needs to be rigorously communicated throughout the organisation.

Från inledningen: I detta paper är min avsikt att beskriva och diskutera den interaktiva forsk-ningen och hur kunskap kan skapas i denna ansats samt öka förståelsen för hur jag som forskare bör interagera med praktiken för att skapa ett gemen-sam lärande. Jag kommer att utgå från min metoddesign och kritiskt disku-tera huruvida den beskrivna ansatsen kan öka kunskapsbildningen och va-liditeten i min forskning.

Background: This study is part of an interactive improvement intervention aimed to facilitate empowerment-based chronic kidney care using data from persons with CKD and their family members. There are many challenges to implementing empowerment-based care, and it is therefore necessary to study the implementation process. The aim of this study was to generate knowledge regarding the implementation process of an improvement intervention of empowerment for those who require chronic kidney care.

Methods: A prospective single qualitative case study was chosen to follow the process of the implementation over a two year period. Twelve health care professionals were selected based on their various role(s) in the implementation of the improvement intervention. Data collection comprised of digitally recorded project group meetings, field notes of the meetings, and individual interviews before and after the improvement project. These multiple data were analyzed using qualitative latent content analysis.

Results: Two facilitator themes emerged: Moving spirit and Encouragement. The healthcare professionals described a willingness to individualize care and to increase their professional development in the field of chronic kidney care. The implementation process was strongly reinforced by both the researchers working interactively with the staff, and the project group. One theme emerged as a barrier: the Limitations of the organization. Changes in the organization hindered the implementation of the intervention throughout the study period, and the lack of interplay in the organization most impeded the process.

Conclusions: The findings indicated the complexity of maintaining a sustainable and lasting implementation over a period of two years. Implementing empowerment-based care was found to be facilitated by the cooperation between all involved healthcare professionals. Furthermore, long-term improvement interventions need strong encouragement from all levels of the organization to maintain engagement, even when it is initiated by the health care professionals themselves.

Background: Family members of persons with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease may experience feelings of vulnerability and insecurity as the disease follows its course. Against this background, the aim of the present study was to explore empowerment in outpatient care as experienced by these family members.

Methods: An inductive approach for qualitative data analysis was chosen. The study sample comprised 12 family members of pre-dialysis patients at an outpatient kidney clinic. Two interviews with each family member were subjected to content analysis to gain an understanding of empowerment from the family members' perspective.

Results: Having strength to assume the responsibility was the main theme that emerged from the following five sub-themes: Being an involved participant, Having confirming encounters, Trusting in health-care staff, Comprehending through knowledge, and Feeling left out. Four of these five sub-themes were positive. The fifth subtheme illuminated negative experience, indicating the absence of empowerment.

Conclusions: Family members' experience of empowerment is dependent on their ability to assume the responsibility for a relative with chronic kidney disease when needed. The findings emphasise the need for a family perspective and the significance of a supportive environment for family members of persons in outpatient care.

Denna studie behandlar ämneskunskapen matematik med en riktning mot den vardagligamatematiken i förskolan för de yngre barnen, samt olika begrepp som är betydelsefulla förbarns matematiska kunskaper. Studien är kvalitativ och den datainsamling som använts ärobservationer från en förskola. Syftet med observationerna på förskolan är att synliggöra ochtydliggöra den vardagliga matematiken på förskolan och hur förskollärarna genom sittpedagogiska ledarskap kan stärka och främja barns matematikutveckling. Resultatet visargenomgående att de yngre barnen på förskolan erbjuds vardaglig matematik under sina dagarpå förskolan. Förskollärarna arbetar aktivt med matematiken som synliggörs både i miljöeroch i den spontana och planerade undervisning. I förskolan kan man se att det finns enskillnad i förskollärares tolkningar av matematikundervisning som baserats på individuellaerfarenheter. En del av matematikundervisningen i vardagen är att förskolläraren inte alltidbenämner eller reflekterar över att en undervisning sker. Vår studie har således sin förankringi observationer, litteratur och vetenskapliga artiklar.

Children's motor development is an important part of the work in preschool. In the Swedish Curriculum for the preschool, Lpfö 18 (Skolverket 2018, p. 9) it is stated that the preschool's mission is to challenge and promote children's motor development and learning in varying environments. Previous research that has studied children's motor development in outdoor environments and at risky play is inadequate, which means that more research in the area is needed. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate how preschool teachers work in outdoor environments and how risky play is used to promote children's motor development. The study has been conducted using the qualitative method self-report, where preschool teachers answered nine questions via e-mail. The results of the study show that preschool teachers consider the outdoor environment to be important for children's motor development. It also appears that when children encounter varying environments and play with different materials, their motor skills are promoted. The preschool teachers highlight the importance of present, co-researching and supportive teachers when children develop motor skills in outdoor environments. The results also show that preschool teachers consider risky play to be beneficial for children's motor development, as they are challenged in various activities which promotes their motor skills.

The purpose of the study is to examine the preschool teachers' approach to how learning environments in preschool stimulate children's language development, as well as how preschool teachers talk about how they work to create learning environments that contribute to children's language development. The chosen method in the study is a qualitative method with a semi-structured interview where the sample consists of five working preschool teachers. The results of the study show that a well-thought-out and structured learning environment that is based on the children's interests is important for children's linguistic development. Using various aids to promote children's interaction and language development in different environments, which provides the conditions for the children to communicate with each other. The study shows that a preschool teacher present is important for developing children's language. The study also shows difficulties that can arise such as creating learning environments in difficult-to-plan spaces. The study also shows difficulties in creating interesting and stimulating environments that challenge all the children's abilities.

The starting point of this study is preschool teachers' application of reading aloud in the activity and what importance they consider reading aloud to have for children's development and learning. As reading aloud can be seen as a social context, the study takes a socio-cultural learning theory as its point of departure. The purpose of the study is to describe, analyze and problematize preschool teachers' descriptions of the use of reading aloud and the opportunities for learning offered thereby. The study has been carried out using a qualitative research method, where semistructured interviews have been used. Eight preschool teachers from two municipalities in Västra Götaland have throughout the interviews described their work with reading aloud and reasoned about the learning that children can be offered through it. The results show that preschool teachers use reading aloud in connection to reading breaks, but also in connection to project work or linguistic activities. The results also show how the preschool teachers use the digital reading application Polyglutt. Thereafter the decisions that form the basis of the literature used are presented. Sometimes it is the children's own choices in the library that steer the selection of literature, and sometimes the literature is selected by the adults based on ongoing project work, the children's experiences and interests or current conflicts in the children's group. Furthermore, the preschool teachers' reasoning about the importance of reading aloud for children's language development is also made visible, as well as the opportunities for learning in other areas that reading aloud can offer.

Today, more and more research results show the language development gains of all children when activities are conducted with ACC as a supplement. ACC is an umbrella concept that includes image support and signs as support, where different ACC systems visualize the language. The purpose of this study has been to examine preschool teachers' attitudes towards using ACC, as well as what conditions they consider to have to be able to naturally use ACC in teaching. Through qualitative interviews, we have been able to see similarities and differences in the preschool teachers' knowledge and ways of using AKK, as well as their thoughts on the subject. The results of the study show that preschool teachers generally have a good attitude towards ACC and its working methods, but that the organization's work usually only includes work with image support. Today's preschool teachers have very different conditions for being able to teach with ACC included, which can have consequences. The study points to the importance of competence-enhancing continuing education opportunities for our pedagogues, and previous research shows that pedagogues who are good at ACC have an easier time paying attention to needs and adapting learning environments in a way that includes all children. The study also shows how the constellation of both the children's group and the work team affects how the work with AKK takes place, while the results show the preschool teachers' insight into the advantages of ACC regardless of the stated needs.

The building industry is one of the most resource-intensive sectors in industrialized countries, requiring a shift from a linear to a more sustainable circular economic model. Nevertheless, there are several major challenges, such as the management of information regarding used materials and products, the lack of cross-sector documentation tools, and sales operations for implementing a dynamic circular economy in the building industry. To overcome these challenges, blockchain technology for documentation, tracing used materials and products, and the use of multi-criteria decision-making approaches for the ranking and selection of optimal used materials and products have emerged as crucial facilitators, with the potential to address the technological, organizational, environmental, and economic requirements. The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical framework of a digital platform ecosystem for implementing a dynamic circular economy in the building industry through the integration of blockchain technology and a multi-criteria decision-making approach built upon their synergy. The priority order of two alternatives of used materials and products was determined according to the AHP method, leading to selection of the most sustainable alternative. This research study contributes to dynamic circular economies by (1) facilitating cross-sector information transparency and the tracing of used materials and products from their sources to their end-of-life stages and through (2) the ranking and selection of used materials and products based on their overall properties.

In future hyper contextual environments, information architecture will play a crucial role in organizing and making information accessible in a meaningful way for users to interact with multiple devices and information sources simultaneously. Using flow theory as a framework, this paper examines the relationship between usability and positive user experience from the perspective of an information architect, based on language tone, readability, information quality, and interaction quality. The study analyzes the usability quality, information quality, and interaction quality of three e-services (Kivra, 1177, and Swish) and discusses how future information architecture can be designed to be user-friendly, uncomplicated, and deliver a positive experience that is pleasant and easy to use. The research is based on a blend of quantitative and qualitative data from user surveys, interviews with users, and experts in the field of information architecture. The paper concludes with a discussion on the importance of language tone and design in developing ethical, human-centered digital solutions for the future.

As the number of older people using the Internet continues to grow, their specific accessibility requirements while using digital technology often go unaddressed. This qualitative study aimed to investigate potential obstacles regarding the accessibility of two Swedish public sector websites for older adults when they are visited on a smartphone, and how they relate to the guidelines in WCAG 2.1 and the basic principles of information architecture. The study also aims at exploring the internet and mobile technology usage patterns among the elderly population. Six participants were enlisted to partake in an interview, accompanied by an observation combined with a think-aloud method, enabling them to articulate their emotions and viewpoints regarding the user experience. The study’s objective when using the studied websites on a smartphone, as well as to grain a comprehensive understanding of the participants’ overall user experience. This exploration aimed to enhance the comprehension of website accessibility for older adults within the realm of public sector websites. The findings of the study show a small number of difficulties regarding the accessibility on both websites. Most of the difficulties could be related to the guidelines in WCAG 2.1 and some of them could be related to the basic principles of information architecture. The results also showed that the participants use their smartphones often or every day and that the vast majority visit websites often or daily via their smartphones. 

This thesis aims to investigate the effectiveness and significance of cookie notifications for users from a consent perspective. Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following research questions: 1) What types of cookie notifications can be identified on websites? 2) What factors influence the perception, experience, and final decision of tech-savvy users when it comes to cookie notifications? The implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018 has required websites to inform users about the collection, processing, and use of personal data, as well as request their consent. One way to achieve this is through cookie notifications. However, the impact and factors influencing users' interaction with cookie notifications are still unclear. Therefore, this qualitative study analyzes a sample of cookie notifications through user interviews and think-aloud testing to explore factors affecting users' perceptions and decisions regarding consent. The results of our study indicate that consent fatigue is the most decisive factor in a user's choice of cookies. The large number of daily requests that users must face leads to users not caring about making privacy choices. Although fear of missing out and nudging also affect a user, it is cookie notifications with extensive text that induce consent fatigue. Our conclusion is that if cookie notifications are still to exist, they should be even more private by default and that options like "accept all" should require more active choices by the user and not the other way around. The results will help enhance the transparency and user-friendliness of cookie notifications while balancing privacy protection and user experience.

Utevistelsen är högt värderad i Sverige och den svenska förskolan. I förskolans uppdrag ingår att det ska erbjudas miljöer som främjar utveckling och lärande. I studien beskrivs miljöer som, med pedagogers inblandning, syftar till att främja lek och lärande med begreppet lärmiljöer. Studiens intresse grundas i hur utevistelsen goda fördelar möter förutsättningarna i utformandet av utemiljön som lärmiljö.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur förskolorna arbetar i, och med, sina utemiljöer.

-                           Hur beskriver förskollärarna en bra utemiljö?

-                           Hur beskriver förskollärarna utemiljöernas förutsättningar?

-                           Hur beskriver förskollärarna nyttjandet av utemiljöerna?

Studien har genomförts utifrån en kvalitativ metod där vi har intervjuat förskollärare för att få bredare kunskap om deras upplevelse av arbetet med utemiljön som lärmiljö och dess erbjudande till barnen.

Resultatet visar på vikten av utemiljöns erbjudanden till barnen och hur dessa erbjudanden kan påverkas av årstider och planeringstid. Respondenterna ger uppslag för olika strategier och arbetssätt att använda i utemiljön för att skapa ett brett utbud och förändring i både lärmiljö och vidare undervisningsmiljö. Resultatet går även in på pedagogernas förhållningssätt i utemiljön, där betydande aspekter som tillåtande, närvarande och utmanande pedagoger berörs.

Inledning:

I och med den nya läroplanen för förskolan, Lpfö 18, som började gälla i juli 2019 har arbetet med digitala verktyg fått en tydligare plats i förskolan. Även arbetssättet hos förskollärarna har utvecklats för att få in de digitala verktygen som ett naturligt inslag i förskolan. Detta har bidragit till att vi vill undersöka hur de digitala verktygen används i förskolans verksamhet.

Syfte: 

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur förskollärare arbetar med digitala verktyg i förskolan. Detta görs genom våra forskarfrågor som är:

● Hur arbetar förskollärare med de didaktiska frågorna vad, hur och varför när det gäller undervisningen med digitala verktyg?

● Vilka möjligheter och hinder ser förskollärare när det gäller undervisning med digitala verktyg?

● Hur samspelar barnen vid användandet av digitala verktyg enligt förskolläraren? Den tredje och sista frågan har tagits med i studien då vi vill undersöka om förskollärares arbete med digitala verktyg utvecklar barnens samspel.

Metod:

I denna studie har en kvalitativ intervju metod används där semistrukturerade och standardiserade intervjuer genomförts med verksamma förskollärare. Sammanlagt har fem förskollärare från fem olika förskolor intervjuats. Dessa intervjuer har spelats in, transkriberats och analyserats.

Resultat: 

Resultatet visar på att förskollärarna har ett medvetet arbetssätt och tydlig struktur på hur de arbetar med digitala verktyg där de didaktiska frågorna vad, hur och varför är i fokus. Dessutom framkommer det att ett liknande utbud av digitala verktyg finns på samtliga förskolor och att de används regelbundet. Det finns många möjligheter till att använda digitala verktyg i förskolan, men resultatet visar samtidigt att det finns en del hinder gällande digitala verktyg. Avslutningsvis framgår det av resultatet att barnens samspel kring digitala verktyg kan göra att de lär sig och utvecklas tillsammans med andra barn.

Tiktok is a social media platform that is one of the world's most popular mobile applications. Previous research suggests that consuming short form content on Tiktok can affect users' health and has shown that social media use can be addictive and have negative health consequences for users. Using a systematic research review with Maslow's hierarchy of needs as a theoretical framework, we examine what previous research has identified regarding the consequences on the user's health from short form content through TikTok use. Through a thematic analysis, we have found six main themes that we put in relation to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The results show that the effects on the user's health are mostly negative. Examples of negative effects on the user's health are excessive, problematic or addictive use, which in turn leads to depression, anxiety, stress, impaired sleep quality and negative effects on the user's learning processes. We were also able to identify positive effects on the user's health, such as reduced stress and anxiety, a sense of community and belonging, and a more fulfilling social life. Based on our findings, we can conclude that TikTok usually does not have negative effects from short term use, but that excessive, problematic and addictive use often leads to negative consequences on the user's health.

Inledning

Studien handlar om hur förskollärarna ser på musikens roll i förskolans undervisning med inriktning särskilt på vilka delar i musiken som bidrar till barnens lärande och vilka utmaningar som förskollärarna ser med musikundervisningen. Tidigare forskning som är relevant inom ämnet samt den sociokulturella teorin med begreppen mediering och den proximala utvecklingszonen sätts i relation gentemot resultatet för att svara på syftet och frågeställningarna.

Syfte

Syftet är att undersöka hur olika förskollärare från olika förskolor ser på användningen av musik och dess roll i förskolan. Vi vill också undersöka vilka utmaningar förskollärarna ser att det finns med arbetet med musik samt att se förskollärarnas och förskolornas förutsättningar inom musik.

Metod

Datainsamlingen till studien har gjorts utifrån semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio olika förskollärare som arbetar på sju olika förskolor. Till datainsamlingen har en kvalitativ metod används för att få djupgående och nyanserade svar från förskollärarna. Alla intervjuer spelades in för att sedan transkriberas. Det transkriberade materialet färgkodades och sammanställdes sedan till ett resultat.

Resultat

I studiens resultat framkom det att musik är en viktig del i förskolan som ger mycket glädje till barnen. Musiken används som bidragande faktor till språkutvecklingen men att man kan inom musiken få in alla läroplanens delar, fast på ett roligt sätt enligt förskollärarna. Det framkom att det fanns utmaningar med att jobba med musik genom praktiska förutsättningar och de förutsättningar som varje förskollärare har. Skillnaden mellan att jobba på yngre och äldre är att man som förskollärare behöver besitta kunskap kring att anpassa sig till de olika åldrarna. Resultatet visade att det skilde sig även när man gått förskollärarutbildningen när det kom till vilket slags undervisning man fått.

In order to improve the user experience and increase sales on the web, companies use so-called cookies to collect user data. However, cookies can be a major risk to users' privacy. Since GDPR and LEK were instituted, informed consent is now required to download cookies on users' computers. This is done through so-called cookie banners. These banners have no specific design requirements and the companies can then fill these banners with nudging and dark patterns. This may influence the user to consent to cookies without their intention. Many studies have highlighted the impact of the interface on the user, but several studies have also touched on other factors that can influence the user's choice in a cookie banner, for example the user's knowledge of cookies and situational factors when the user encounters a cookie banner. This study aims to investigate in a qualitative way how the factors knowledge, situational factors and interface, both individually and in interaction, affect the users' privacy choice in a cookie banner. Through nine semi-structured interviews with users from different age groups and backgrounds, the empirical evidence showed how the various factors affect the participants. The way in which the various factors influenced and interacted for the participants' privacy choices was very individual. However, we could determine that all the factors; knowledge, situational factors and interfaces often influence the selection process in various combinations. However, this can be both an awareness of the user, but also a more autonomous process.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur förskollärare beskriver att de arbetar med alternativoch kompletterande kommunikation (AKK) med fokus på flerspråkighet. Studien utgår frånett sociokulturellt perspektiv, där begreppen scaffolding och proximal utvecklingszon ärcentrala. Studien har sin utgångspunkt i kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer. Fyraförskollärare valdes ut på olika förskolor. Vi har genom våra forskningsfrågor närmareundersökt vilken syn förskollärare har på arbetssättet AKK kopplat till flerspråkighet samthur de beskriver att de använder sig av detta för att stötta flerspråkiga barn.Resultatet visar på att informanterna anser AKK som en betydande och positiv del i dendagliga verksamheten på förskolan. Det beskrivs att AKK är ett gemensamt språk som böranvändas mer men att det behöver bli ytterligare inarbetat i verksamheten. Förskollärarnaanvänder bildstöd i flera av förskolans miljöer, där det främst syns förekommande irutinsituationer för att vägleda barnen. Förskollärarna beskrev även vikten av att användaAKK i kommunikationen, där barnen upplevt det lättare att förstå och samtala med varandravia bildstöd än verbalt. Två återkommande begrepp som tillkommer i diskussioner kringämnet är självständighet och inkludering. Med hjälp av AKK blir barnen som inte har med sigsvenskan sedan tidigare mer inkluderade samt ges möjlighet att verka självständigt underdagarna och därmed få större inflytande över sin egen dag.Sammanfattningsvis kan vi fastslå att AKK är viktigt i förskolan, framförallt för barn som fårytterligare sätt att förstå språk samt göra sig förstådda på.

Språk är ett viktigt verktyg för kommunikation som används dagligen i samspelet individer emellan. Grammatik som är språkets regler för uppbyggnad däremot används inte lika ofta på ett medvetet sätt. Majoriteten av elever på grundskolan har en negativ eller neutral inställning till grammatikundervisning och detta kan förklaras av en mängd olika faktorer såsom undermåliga uppgifter, oengagerade lärare eller alltför hög abstraktionsnivå på uppgifterna. Forskningsperspektivet i denna uppsats är sociokulturell teori, forskare som Vygotskij, Säljö samt Cummins och hans välanvända fyrfältsmodell fungerar som verktyg för lärares didaktiska arbete, i detta fall grammatikundervisning men används också som analytiskt redskap i det här arbetet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka sambandet mellan kognitivt utmanande samt kontextbunden inlärning och elevernas eventuellt positiva inställning till grammatikundervisning i ämnet svenska. En kvantitativ ansats har valts varvid enkätundersökningar har använts som datainsamlingsmetod. Urvalet består av 99 elever på en kommunal högstadieskola i en större västsvensk stad. Enkäterna har analyserats genom en envägs variansanalys (ANOVA). Resultatet har visat på samband mellan kognitivt utmanande samt kontextbunden inlärning (Cummins fält B) och elevers positiva inställning till grammatik.

The research overview reports on a result from what contemporary research sheds light on the preschool teacher's working methods in forests and nature. According to the Preschool Curriculum, Lpfö 18 (Skolverket 2018), all children in the organization must have the chance to stay in different natural environments as part of the work for children's health and well-being. With natural environments such as forests and meadows being reduced in our society to make room for more roads, industries and housing, there is a risk that the goal from the Curriculum will become unattainable for preschools in the future. The traditional preschools are therefore in need of new thinking in relation to children's environmental involvement in the work for sustainable development. The forest offers a variety of natural materials and surroundings that naturally challenge the children and contribute to better results and learning. The preschool teachers meet the children in their play and in a planned teaching content. The working method is characterized by the children and the preschool teachers working side by side and with the support of the surroundings, the preschool teachers find challenges and opportunities for biological exploration for the children. Verbal communication is most prominent in connection with the preschool teachers' support in the children's discoveries and in the children's concept formation. Material used in the forest and nature education in the preschool is mainly natural material. The children integrate with the materials and share their hypotheses and thoughts with each other in conversation and in play.

Ämnet svenska som andraspråk är ett ämne vars relevans dikteras av elevernas behov. I detta kvalitativa arbete görs en multimodal läromedelsanalys i syfte att analysera vilka språkliga, innehållsmässiga samt kulturella förkunskaper som krävs av elever som befinner sig på svensklektioner. Arbetet har ett svenska som andraspråksperspektiv med en socialsemiotisk teori och svarar på följande frågeställningar: vilka innehållsliga och språkliga förkunskaper förutsätts inom området skönlitteratur i två svenska läroböcker i ämnet svenska för årskurs 7 - 9? Vilka explicita samt implicita värderingar, kopplade till kultur, förekommer inom området skönlitteratur i två svenska läroböcker i ämnet svenska för årskurs 7 - 9? Resultatet av analysen visar att läroböckerna kräver att elever har specifika typer av språkliga samt innehållsmässiga kunskaper. Även vissa kulturellt förankrade kunskaper krävs för att eleverna ska tillägna sig de nya kunskaperna. Läroböckerna förutsätter att elever har kulturellt förankrade förkunskaper. Detta med avseende på innehållsmässiga kunskaper såsom svenska författare som Selma Lagerlöf. Läroböckerna förutsätter även att läsaren har en språklig referensram som är förankrad i den svenska kulturen. 

När det kommer till förskolans utomhusmiljö inom forskningen har den inte fått lika stor uppmärksamhet som inomhusmiljön. Därför är vårt syfte med denna kunskapsöversikt att undersöka vad forskningen visar angående var och med vad barnen föredrar att leka när de får tillgång till utemiljön på förskolan samt hur miljön påverkar barnens lek. Vi har i kunskapsöversikten utgått från Nilholms modell Systematic Mapping and Analysis of Recearch Topographies (SMART) som består av sex steg att utföra en studie av forskning. I översikten ingår tio forskningsartiklar där majoriteten utgår från Gibsons teori om affordance. Resultatet av kartläggningen belyser att de miljöer barn föredrar att vistas i är bland de fasta installationerna och de naturliga miljöerna som innefattar öppna ytor, buskage eller grönområden. Även kullar och avskärmade platser ses som betydande platser av barnen. Dessa miljöer påverkar barnen att leka roll- och låtsaslekar och funktionella lekar där bland annat klättring ingår. Kartläggningen visar också att naturmaterialet är det material som barn föredrar att leka med. Lekar där vatten, sand, pinnar och löv ingår är föredragna bland dessa material och barnen samlar och utforskar materialet på olika sätt. Hur miljöerna och materialen används utomhus varierar beroende på hur gamla barnen är. De yngre barnen utforskar miljöer och material med sina sinnen där de känner och ser hur materialet förändras samt att de gärna utforskar med kroppen genom klättring på klätterställningar. De äldre barnen utforskar däremot miljö och material mer symboliskt. De föreställer sig att klätterställningar är båtar och sanden blir till te i tebjudningar, pinnar är ormbajs och stenar är elefanter. Kartläggningen visar även hur miljöer och materials egenskaper påverkar barnens lek genom att till exempel förändra gården genom att lägga till eller ta bort ett föremål på gården gör att barnens nyfikenhet väcks och de vill utforska de nya. 

Willinsky, John. Copyright‘s broken promise: how to restore the law‘s ability to promote the progress of science. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2023. xii, 175 p. ISBN 978-0-262-54441-2 

Asamoah-Hassan, Helena (ed.). Digital literacy, inclusivity and sustainable development in Africa. London: Facet Publishing, 2022. xviii, 237 p. ISBN 978-1-78330-511-7 

Forbes, C. (ed.). Academic libraries and collaborative research services. London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022. xiv, 298 p. ISBN 978-1-5381-5369-7 

Geoghegan, Bernard Dionysius. Code: from information theory to French theory. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2023. 272 p. ISBN 9781478019008

Williams, Deborah Lindsay. The necessity of young adult fiction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023. x, 139 p. ISBN 978-0-19-284897-0

Introduction: Non-adherence to treatments increases the probability of therapeutic failure and unnecessary complications. Objective: To explore the sources of support perceived by patients with chronic diseases that facilitate adherence to treatment. Method: Qualitative descriptive study with a phenomenological approach, in which eight complex chronic patients were recruited, without distinction of gender or age, residents of Barcelona, and who, after evaluating pharmacological adherence with the Morisky-Green test and the test of Batalla resulted in being adherent to the therapeutic regimen. After which, two open questions were asked that were recorded on an audio device and transcribed verbatim. For data analysis, the method Colaizzi was used. Results: Three thematic groups emerged: 1) Having family support; 2) Understanding of the disease and strategies that facilitate adherence to treatments; and 3) Relationship with reference professionals. Conclusions: The most important source of support perceived by the participants is the family, coinciding with other authors. The finding of this study is that shows medicine and nursing are evidenced as instigators that promote their empowerment and as a recognized source of influence that has allowed their assimilation and training to adopt measures that help them follow the pharmacotherapeutic guidelines.

Arbetsrelaterad stress bland vårdens chefer ökar och arbetsmiljön blir allt viktigare. Arbetsgivaren har det yttersta ansvaret för arbetsmiljön på arbetsplatsen. Riksdagen röstade år 1977 igenom arbetsmiljölagen (SFS 1977:1160) vilket är en bra grund att luta sig mot. Författarna vill med denna studie öka medvetenheten och studera förekomsten av arbetsrelaterad stress hos hälso- och sjukvårdens chefspositioner. Hur mycket arbetsrelaterad stress finns egentligen inom hälso- och sjukvårdens chefer. Är den densamma i privat, kommunal och regional verksamhet? Med en kvantitativ studie har författarna med en öppen webbaserad enkät fått fram att stress, trötthet och spänningshuvudvärk/ migrän är de största faktorerna för chefernas dåliga mående inom den privata, kommunala och regionala verksamheten och att återhämtning på arbetstid nästan är obefintlig. Detta styrker tidigare studier och rapporter som visar att allt fler sjukskriver sig på grund av psykisk ohälsa och att stress kan leda till kognitiva funktionsnedsättningar. I författarnas studie upptäcktes inga väsentliga skillnader mellan privat, kommunal, regional och verksamhet.

Mental illness is an increasing problem in society today. People with mental illness are discriminated in society and not least in health care. In 2019, 970 million people in the world suffered from some form of mental illness, and every year, 14.3% of the world's population dies as a result of mental illness. Primary health care is the form of care that most Swedes first come into contact with and their mission is to offer care and treatment for somatic and mental illness. It is estimated that a third of the patients at Swedish health care center´s waiting room have some form of mental illness. The aim of this study was to describe district nurses' experience of meeting patients with mental illness in primary care. A systematic literature review with a qualitative approach was chosen as a design to answer the purpose. Twelve qualitative articles were selected from the databases Cinahl, Pubmed and PsycInfo. The selected articles have been analyzed and similarities and differences were compared and compiled. Results were presented with the help of three main themes and seven subthemes. The main theme was, Care relationship, Competence and External aspects. The subthemes are The nurse's approach and treatment, Challenges in encounters, Experience and knowledge as a basis, Need for education, Time affects care, Support at work and Cooperation as a working method. In the discussion, it was found that the district nurses experienced anxiety and stress in the patient encounter, which gives a care suffering. It was also difficult to get an overall picture of the patient with mental illness. But with the lifeworld approach, a holistic care was provided. Lack of competence risked the patient's safety, as increased education can be identified at an early stage, thereby reducing the complications and costs that mental illness can entail.

Today's healthcare system faces challenges when it comes to effective, sustainable, and accessible primary care. The reform of integrated care will work for such a health care system. The goal is person centered care with a focus on health promotion and prevention. The district nurse has a significant role in the required conversion and studies show that the district nurse's right to prescribe leads to a possible person-centered care. More knowledge about how the district nurses administers their prescribing rights is needed. The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent district nurses use their right to prescribe and whether they feel safe to use it. The study was conducted with a quantitative approach and is a non-experimental cross-sectional study. A total of 36 district nurses working at either community health centers, home care services or child health centers participated by answering a questionnaire on one occasion. The results show that all district nurses working at health centers and in home care prescribe medical equipment and supplies and on more occasions in comparison with their pharmaceuticals prescriptions. It shows that fewer district nurses at these operations use their right to prescribe pharmaceuticals and prescriptions are made on fewer occasions. Furthermore, the results show that all district nurses at child health care centers use their right to prescribe pharmaceuticals, but not at all for medical equipment and supplies. The results also show that there is a correlation between how safe district nurses feel to use their right to prescribe and for how long time they have had the right to prescribe in all three operations. More security is experienced by the district nurses who have had their right to prescribe for more than two years. When the district nurse feels safe, the prerequisite for an effective and person-centered care that promotes health and relieves suffering through prescription increases.

Telephone advice within primary healthcare and the healthcare advisory service 1177 is a common task for district nurses. District nurses are tasked with making patient-safe assessments through non-visual communication and guiding the caller to the appropriate level of care, occasionally relying on information from other sources. Previous research shows that district nurses play a crucial role in redirecting and allocating resources within healthcare. However, they may encounter difficulties in understanding and interpreting non-visual communication and allocating resources correctly in an organizational environment characterized by time constraints and limited resources. The purpose of the study was to highlight district nurses’ experiences of telephone advice in primary health care and at the healthcare advisory service 1177. A qualitative systematic literature review was conducted, and eleven articles analyzed using Bettany-Saltikov and McSherry’s nine-step model. The analysis revealed the main category ‘balancing patient safety and conditions for caring conversations, which appears to affect the patient’s or relative’s lifeworld´. This resulted in four categories: 1) Challenging conversation, 2) factors complicating assessments in telephone advice, 3) approaches to managing difficult conversations and 4) the organizaton’s influence on the experience of telephone advice. The results highlight that district nurses face challenges in ensuring a safe patient assessment while conducting a caring conversation based on the caller’s lifeworld. Factors such as time constraints, guidelines, routines and communication difficulties contribute to district nurses’ feelings of uncertainty. The results indicate the need of education in communication, as well as the development of routines and guidelines for telephone advice, to ensure safe assessments based on caring conversations that take the patient’s or relative’s lifeworld into account.

: Urinary incontinence is a public health problem, and the incidence increases with age. Previous research shows that older women experience urinary incontinence as shameful and see the condition as an inevitable part of natural aging. The condition is therefore perceived as troublesome to talk about, which means that few older women seek care. With the expertise in urinary incontinence and caring communication, the district nurse can meet the older women’s lifeworld. The aim was to shed light on older women's experiences of living with urinary incontinence. A systematic literature review with an inductive approach was carried out and ten qualitative articles were analyzed according to Popeone, Langius-Eklöf, Stenwall and Jervaeus (2021) analysis method. The analysis resulted in one main category and four categories with two to three subcategories. The main category was the stigma surrounding urinary incontinence seems to affect the life world of older women and the categories were as follows: interplay of feelings around urinary incontinence, the importance of the impact on daily life, the importance of the healthcare system's actions and strategies for managing urinary incontinence. The results showed that urinary incontinence is stigmatized and affects the older woman's lifeworld, mainly through a changed self-image and isolation. Healthcare can both provide support and cause suffering depending on the treatment. In summary, it can be stated that through a caring conversation with the life world in focus, the district nurse can meet the older woman from a holistic perspective, which can lead to dignity and autonomy being preserved while offering support. The results may be of value for continued reflection by district nurses who meet older women with urinary incontinence.

Introduction: Crowdsourcing is an emerging technique to engage or access a wider set of experts and multiple stakeholders through online platforms, which might effectively be employed in waste management. Therefore, we assessed the feasibility of the crowdsourcing method to provide an alternative approach that can improve household waste segregation using an “online-slogan-contest”.

Methods: The contest was promoted via targeted emails to various governmental and non-governmental organizations and through social media platforms for around 4 weeks (25 days). The entries were received through a Google form. The slogans were assessed by the experts and analyzed using content analysis methods.

Results: Total 969 entries were received from different geographic regions in India. Of that, 456 were in English and 513 in Hindi. Five themes of waste segregation emerged from the received slogans: (1) Community awareness, responsibility, and support, (2) Significance of household waste segregation, (3) Use of separate dustbins, (4) Health and well-being, and (5) Environment and sustainability.

Discussion: Crowdsourcing approaches can be used by local authorities for improving waste management approaches and are recommended as these involve a wider audience within a short time frame. Moreover, this approach is flexible and integrating crowdsourcing approaches strengthens our understanding of existing waste management activities.

As consumers increasingly use subscription-based services, there is a rising tendency to discontinue a service to try others, due to a larger variety of options available. This incentive has prompted the widespread use of dark patterns by companies aiming to make the termination of their services more difficult for users by creating overly complicated cancellation processes. An excessive number of steps, confusing options, and unclear wording are among the tactics used to complicate these processes. To gain insight in this phenomena, this study aims to create knowledge about the effectiveness of various dark patterns within the category of Interface interference, with a particular focus on their ability to mislead users in a cancellation process, and their subsequent impacts on usability and user experience. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study engages user testing with a website prototype to provide an understanding of the different categories of dark patterns' effects on usability and user experience. The findings indicate that the dark pattern categories False hierarchy and Trick question resulted in the most pronounced negative reactions and led to most deviations in the prototype interaction data, signifying a severe impact on usability and experience. Additionally, the categories Hidden information and Preselection, while not provoking as many immediate reactions, were frequently overlooked by users. This observation underscores their potential as concealed manipulative agents, misleading users in a subtler manner.

The aim of this thesis is to gain an understanding in children’s librarians usage of multimodal tools and different methods for expression in their work regarding promoting reading activities, in a public library context, and what effect these methods and tools have on the children participating in such activities. Empirical content was gained in the vein of qualitative studies through semi structured interviews with five children’s librarians. To analyze the results of the findings multimodal social semiotic theory and sociocultural theory were used. Our results show that the physical book – despite storytelling from other media –remain the common aim of promoting reading. And although many activities contain multimodal expressions, it isn’t something that most of the respondents are actively thinking about. Expressions seem to emerge by themselves, mostly because of – connected to younger children that don’t know how to read – how children's literature is composed: the combination of written words and pictures. The use of expressions seems to be mainly used for clarifying or amplifying purposes. Social contexts and social gatherings are regarded as even more important than the use of different expressions, though the analysis show that there is a collective understanding of the multimodal expressions beneficial aspects when it comes to the aim of getting children to gain interest towards books and reading. The red thread running through the promoting reading activities, according to the empirical findings, is interaction, social gatherings, making reading a joyous experience, communication and activities centered around creating.

Knowledge regarding accessibility adaptations in web design in order to benefit and include people with disabilities in today's digital society is an important cornerstone in the work of minimizing the digital divide. Such features include enlarging or reducing text, distinct navigation, alt-texts, ensuring high contrast between foreground and background. Web design also needs to be compatible with commonly used aids. Previous studies show that there is a lack of accessible websites (Hewitt & Yingchen, 2021), thus proving proof of limited knowledge regarding accessibility adaptations amongst designers and developers (Ferati & Vogel, 2020). The digital divide may increase and more people may feel excluded and discriminated against unless this doesn't change soon (Post och telestyrelsen, 2019). This study aims to explore whether the lack of knowledge among designers and developers affects the digital divide.

This study aims to research the user perspective on interactions between authors, readers and the tagging system on the fanwork website Archive of Our Own. To answer the research questions a survey was made and sent out to users of the website via Tumblr and Reddit. In total 97 answers were received. The survey results and subsequent analysis showed us that users have similar preferences and opinions on tag usage, but have some differing opinions on the restrictions of the tag system and its affordances, as well as different views on other users’ tagging behaviors depending on if they are readers or authors. Much of the analysis stays consistent with the results of previous studies and suggestions for future research are given as a result of our own conclusions.

Previous studies indicate that visually impaired users of screen readers experience more difficulty interacting with websites when there is an absence of accessibility. The purpose of this study is to focus on IA components: organisation, labelling and navigation and accessibility guidelines recommended for screen readers from WCAG 2.1 to investigate the current status of accessibility regarding screen readers on Swedish websites. The websites that have been analysed are divided into three categories: government, target group-oriented, and commercial. These categories represent users’ possible everyday services. The study was conducted using a quantitative document study with an observation schedule and an univariate analysis.

The results indicate that the government category had implemented most acceptable accessibility adaptations, however this was to be expected as it is regulated by the law of DOS. On the other hand, the commercial category implemented the least acceptable accessibility adaptations. This was expected as previous research has revealed that online stores have poor accessibility. Lastly the target group-oriented category had performed accessibility adaptations that were less acceptable than the government yet more acceptable than the commercial. The primary users of the target group-oriented category are visually impaired users, therefore, there were expectations of more and better implemented accessibility adaptations. The conclusion is that there are deficiencies regarding accessibility in the categories included in the study. It shows that the lack of accessibility can be linked to IA, as the implementation of accessibility adaptations represented how well the components had been used and applied.

The introduction of ChatGPT to the public in November 2022 garnered significant media attention, sparking debates about the future impact of AI systems on humanity. This phenomenon has prompted discussions on ethical considerations in AI development and the challenge of distinguishing between AI-generated and human-created content. Such uncertainties have led to questions about credibility and reliability in the digital realm. In contexts like social media and news platforms, the increased use of AI-generated content blurs the lines between trustworthy and fabricated information, amplifying concerns around terms like fake new sand deep fakes. This study investigates the evolving landscape of information mediation in the age of AI, shedding light on the challenges faced by information creators and consumers. It also investigates the integration of AI-generated content into the workflows of information mediators and communicators, revealing insights into their roles and responsibilities as AI plays a growing role. Through content analysis and semi-structured interviews, the study uncovers the complex interplay between human expertise and AI capabilities, highlighting the potential benefits of AI in enhancing efficiency and personalization while also acknowledging concerns related to authenticity, credibility, and ethics. The study recommends continuous monitoring of these shifts, both in terms of necessary skillsets and changing attitudes towards AI. It emphasizes the evolving nature of ethical guidelines, urging their adaptation to address emerging complexities in AI ecology. In conclusion, this study contributes to the discourse on AI's impact on information mediation, providing insights into the changing landscape for content creators and consumers.

Dark mode, an increasingly popular design trend, is a user interface that uses light text and icons on a dark background. As most social media platforms have adopted this trend it’s important that the interface is also designed with usability in mind. Despite seniors' increasing use of social media their needs are often overlooked in the development of digital products compared to younger users. Seniors' needs and challenges often differ from those of younger users, which emphasizes the importance of adapting technology and design to also meet their needs. By understanding how dark mode affects usability for senior users, developers and designers can create user interfaces that meet the needs of a wider audience. This study therefore examines how dark mode may affect the usability for senior social media users, using Facebook as a case. A survey was conducted based on the five quality components of usability: learnability, efficiency, recognizability, error and satisfaction. The result shows that the respondents had a generally negative attitude towards the usability of dark mode on social media regarding all five usability components. We propose a bigger clarity in how to switch to and from dark mode so that seniors easily themselves can choose which mode they prefer to use.

Globally, healthcare has become dominated by women nurses. Gender is also known to impact the way people are cared for in various healthcare systems. Considering gender from the perspective of how lived bodies are positioned through the structural relations of institutions and processes, this systematic review aims to explore the meaning of gender in the caring relationship between the nurse and the older person through a synthesis of available empirical data published from 1993 to 2022. CINAHL, PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from the beginning of each database's temporal range, and PRISMA guidelines were used for the screening, reviewing and selection processes of available records. A thematic synthesis of the available data resulted in three analytical themes: (i) vulnerability of the gendered body, (ii) norms and values related to gender and sexuality and (iii) balancing closeness and distance in the nurse-patient relationship. These themes are intertwined and represent different aspects of gender meaning in the nurse–patient relationship. This research shows that gender, through its influence on the gendered body, its relationship with power dynamics in the caring process, and its intersection with dimensions of identity, has a significant meaning for the experienced vulnerability in the nurse–patient relationship. This has implications for the well-being and sense of dignity of the older person as well as the nurse. 

While the focus of information science and technology research is in information, sometimes the lack of information, information gaps and non-information can make an equally great or even greater difference. The purpose of this panel is to nuance the understanding of the absence of information and addressing the gap in theorising, investigating and working with information gaps and ‘non-information’ across the information field. Panellists present research conceptualising, documenting, and describing information gaps and non-information and how they are dealt with in the information field specifically addressing: 1) how conceptualisations of information gaps and non-information influence how they emerge as describable entities; 2) what approaches to manage information gaps and non-information exist in information science and technology research; 3) what aspects of information gaps and non-information different approaches address, make visible and invisible; and 4) how novel insights from the current state-of-the-art research can be translated to practice, policies and actions.