A new generation of young employees is now entering the labor market, which makes it relevant to examine how banks as employers can enhance their work motivation and job satisfaction in order to strengthen their willingness to remain in the sector. This is particularly important in a context where several indicators suggest that the banking sector struggles to meet young people’s expectations and is no longer perceived as equally attractive among younger employees. The aim of this study is therefore to deepen the understanding of how young bank employees experience and describe the factors that influence their job satisfaction and work motivation, and how these factors in turn may affect their willingness to stay in the sector. To achieve this purpose, semi-structured paired interviews were conducted with 12 young bank employees. A deeper understanding of the collected material was made possible through the application of the following theoretical perspectives: Self-Determination theory, Herzberg’s two-factor theory, Goal-setting theory, Transformational leadership and Emotional intelligence. The results show that young employees value opportunities for development, positive workplace relationships, work-life balance and a workload that is both challenging and allows for recovery. However, what emerged most strongly was the significance of managers’ leadership practices, which proved to be central in meeting the needs of young employees. These findings are important for increasing knowledge about how the banking sector can create a workplace that fosters work motivation and job satisfaction, thereby supporting long-term engagement among young employees.

Fyra av tio personer som har erfarenhet av psykisk ohälsa i Sverige upplever att de har blivit fel eller negativt bemötta av vårdpersonalen. Anledningen till detta kan vara bristande kunskap och fördomar bland vårdpersonal som sedan kan orsaka negativa attityder mot personer med självskadebeteende. Tidigare forskning visar att sjuksköterskans bemötande har en avgörande roll för patientens vårdupplevelse. Trots detta saknas en tydlig förståelse för hur akutsjuksköterskor själva upplever dessa möten och vilka faktorer som påverkar deras arbete. Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga akutsjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att möta patienter med självskadebeteende på akutmottagning. Metoden till denna studie utgörs av en integrativ litteraturstudie med utgångspunkt i en systematisk sökning och innefattar en deskriptiv design. Studien är utarbetad enligt Whittmore & Knalf’s (2005) metodologi där arbetsprocessen utgörs av en femstegs process. Tolv artiklar analyserades utifrån Whittmore & Knalf’s (2005) samt kvalitetsgranskats enligt Hawker et al, (2002). Resultatet visar att arbeta på en akutmottagning och möta patienter med självskadebeteende innebär särskilda utmaningar för akutsjuksköterskor. Genom kartläggning av akutsjuksköterskors erfarenheter i samband med omvårdnaden av denna patientgrupp har tre teman identifierats. De tre teman är; Akutsjuksköterskans egna känslor och erfarenheters inverkan på mötet med patienter med självskadebeteende, Yttre faktorer som påverkar akutsjuksköterskans erfarenheter och Förutsättningar för förbättrad vård enligt akutsjuksköterskans erfarenhet. Slutsatsen är att genom kartläggning av akutsjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att möta patienter med självskadebeteende på akutmottagning, är det möjligt att både utveckla akutmottagningen och stärka akutsjuksköterskor i deras roll genom att implementera fler insatser som exempelvis utbildning och effektiva och anpassade riktlinjer skattningsverktyg.  

As digital services become a natural part of daily life, ensuring accessibility for people with cognitive disabilities remains a major challenge, despite laws and guidelines. This thesis explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to support more accessible information architecture (IA) and improve digital inclusion for users with cognitive needs. Using a mixed-method approach, we combine a survey targeting individuals with cognitive variations, a semi-structured interview with an expert from the National Agency for Special Needs Education and schools (SPSM, in swedish), and practical testing of three digital tools: HeadingsMap, Eye-Able & HelperBird. These tools were evaluated based on their ability to detect and reduce common cognitive barriers, such as confusing layouts, unclear navigation and overwhelming text. The findings show that AI-driven tools can offer real support, simplifying language, clarifying structure and adapting content to individual needs. At the same time, they raise important concerns around data privacy, transparency, and the unintended risk of excluding users through over-customization. This thesis contributes to the growing field of accessible and inclusive design by providing practical insight nto how AI, when thoughtfully integrated, can complement human-centered practices. It's not about replacing people with machines, but about using technology to meet people where they are, and to help make digital services work better for everyone.

This study investigates the effectiveness of two navigation systems, menu-based and search-based on e-commerce websites, with a focus on how they impact users’ ability to efficiently find information. As digital services become increasingly integrated into our life, understanding how users interact with different navigation models is essential for user experience and usability. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, combining observed usability tests, structured interviews and a survey. The study was conducted on Zalando which has both navigation systems. Participants completed a series of tasks using both methods. The results show differences in efficiency and user satisfaction depending on the navigation method and the user’s experience. The findings also suggest that user preferences in everyday navigation do not always align with actual task efficiency. By applying theoretical frameworks such as Wilson’s model of information behavior and Bates’ berrypicking model, the study offers a deeper understanding of how navigation choices interact with cognitive processes. The results contribute to the field of information architecture and user-centered design by offering practical insights for optimizing navigation structures on e-commerce websites.  

Att elever engagerar sig i och stimuleras till att läsa fiktion är av betydelse för att de ska utveckla läskompetens (Brozo, 2019), ordförråd (Taboada et al., 2013) och även förståelse för hur andra människor har det (Agrell, 2007). Även om det finns studier som visat att ungdomar har ett intresse för att läsa fiktion (Nordberg, 2015) så finns studier som visat att elevers fiktionsläsning är i avtagande (Vinterek et al., 2022). Studier finns också som visat att elever inte får stimulans till att utveckla ett intresse för att läsa i skolan (Skolinspektionen, 2012). Likaså finns studier som visat att långt från alla svensklärare själva inte har ett intresse för att läsa fiktion i (Jönsson & Eriksson, 2003). För att kunna stimulera elever till ett intresse för att läsa fiktion är det således viktigt att undersöka vad engagemang vid fiktionsläsning är för lärare och elever liksom hur deras engagemang uppkommer. 

Syfte 

Mitt avhandlingsarbete syftar till att nå en djupare insikt i vad engagemang vid fiktionsläsning är och hur engagemang vid fiktionsläsning uppkommer bland lärare och elever i årskurs 7–9.

Teori 

Avhandlingen utgår från hermeneutisk fenomenologi (Gadamer, 1997) med en livsvärldsfilosofisk ansats (Bengtsson, 2005, 2013; Dahlberg, 2019).

Metod 

Inriktningen i avhandlingsarbetet är kvalitativ och projektet utgår från intervjuer och klassrumsobservationer med 5 lärare och deras elever i årskurs 7–9. 

Preliminära resultat 

Några av resultaten i mitt pågående avhandlingsarbete pekar på att engagemang vid fiktionsläsning uppkommer i undervisning där lärare och elever engagerar sig tillsammans i undervisningens här och nu, till följd av att lärare och elever samspelar och möter varandra och således tar intryck av varandra. Engagemang vid fiktionsläsning uppkommer med andra ord till följd av att lärare inspirerar sina elever till att läsa, leva sig in i, samtala om och analysera fiktion. 

Referenser 

Agrell, B. (2007). Brukslitteratur, skönlitteratur och medkänslans estetik – betraktelse över läsarter. I S. Ekman, M. Malm & L. Stenberg (Red.), Den litterära textens förändringar. Studier tillägnade Stina Hansson (s. 87–99). Brutus Östlings Bokförlag Symposion. 

Bengtsson, J. (2005). En livsvärldsansats för pedagogisk forskning. I J. Bengtsson (Red.), Med livsvärlden som grund (s. 9–58). Studentlitteratur. 

Bengtsson, J. (2013). With the Lifeworld as Ground. A Research Approach for Empirical Research in Education: The Gothenburg Tradition. Indo-PacificJournal of Phenomenology, 13, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.2989/IPJP.2013.13.2.4.1178

Brozo, W. (2019). Att lyfta oengagerade och lågpresterande pojkars läsning. Lärportalen.

Skolverket. https://larportalen.skolverket.se/api/resource/P03WCPLAR132098 

Gadamer, H. (1997). Sanning och metod (i urval). Daidalos. 

Jönsson, A., & Eriksson, B. (2003). Lärarstudenters läsvanor: Hur mycket och vad läser blivande lärare? Rapporter om utbildning nr 4. Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen. 

Nordberg, O. (2015). Endast avkoppling från uppkoppling?: svenska tonåringars attityder till fiktionslitteratur. I T. Pettersson, S.K. Nilsson, M. Wennerström Wohrne & O. Nordberg (Red.), Litteraturen på undantag: unga vuxnas fiktionsläsning i dagens Sverige (s. 181-208). Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet (DiVA). http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Ahb%3Adiva10853 

Skolinspektionen. (2012). Läsundervisning inom ämnet svenska för årskurs 7–9. Rapport 2012:11. Skolinspektionen. https://www.skolinspektionen.se/beslutrapporter-statistik/publikationer/kvalitetsgranskning/2022/lasframjande-arbetei-grundskolan/

Taboada, A., Townsend, D., & Boynton, M.J. (2013). Mediating Effects of Reading Engagement on the Reading Comprehension of Early Adolescent English Language Learners. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 29(4), 309-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/10573569.2013.741959

Vinterek, M., Winberg, M., Tegmark, M., Alatalo, T., & Liberg, C. (2022). The Decrease of School Related Reading in Swedish Compulsory School: Trends between 2007 and 2017. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 166(1), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2020.1833247

I mitt avhandlingsarbete är engagemang vid fiktionsläsning ett centralt undersökningsobjekt. Jag undersöker vad lärare och elever säger om engagemang vid fiktionsläsning och jag undersöker också när och hur deras engagemang vid fiktionsläsning uppkommer. Teoretisk utgångspunkt är hermeneutisk livsvärldsfenomenologi (Bengtsson, 2005, 2013; Dahlberg, 2019), där mellanrum och delad livsvärld är två centrala begrepp. Studierna utgått dessutom från både intervjuer och klassrumsobservationer i syfte att få insikt i både deras uppfattningar om vad engagemang är och hur deras engagemang tar sig uttryck. 

Ett resultat jag funnit i dessa studier är att elever engagerar sig vid fiktionsläsning till följd av att deras lärare engagerar sig. Trots att många elever uppger att de inte är intresserade av att läsa fiktion utanför skoltid engagerar de sig vid fiktionsläsning i under lektionstid. Engagemang tycks således smitta i en delad livsvärld, där lärare och elever i undervisningen möts i mellanrum. I mellanrum påverkar lärare och elever varandra till att intressera sig för att läsa, att leva sig in i fiktion och att samtala om dess innehåll. Att svensklärare engagerar sig i fiktionsläsning är således en viktig aspekt i en hållbar litteraturundervisning i årskurs 7–9 och detta kontrasterar mot tidigare forskning som i stället visat att blivande svensklärare inte har ett litterärt intresse (Jönsson & Eriksson, 2003). 

Källförteckning

Bengtsson, J. (2005). En livsvärldsansats för pedagogisk forskning. I J. Bengtsson (Red.), Med livsvärlden som grund (s. 9–58). Studentlitteratur.

Bengtsson, J. (2013). With the Lifeworld as Ground. A Research Approach for Empirical Research in Education: The Gothenburg Tradition. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 13, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.2989/IPJP.2013.13.2.4.1178

Dahlberg, K. (2019). Den fenomenologiska livsvärlden. I K. Dahlberg, S. Ellingsen, B. Martinsen, & S, Rosberg (Red.), Fenomenologi i praktiken: Fenomenologisk forskning i ett skandinaviskt perspektiv (s. 28–51). Liber.

Jönsson, A., & Eriksson, B. (2003). Lärarstudenters läsvanor: Hur mycket och vad läser blivande lärare? Rapporter om utbildning nr 4. Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen.

Textiles with transformative behaviour transform when exposed to a stimulus. Woven flat, they take on new forms as they are activated. Their form is emergent, a property of the interaction of material, structure, and environment. Textiles with transformative behaviour are composed of simple materials – conventional textile fibres – hierarchically organised through yarn, weave, and textile structure. Their active yarns respond to stimuli from the environment, translating free energy into movement, reorganising the textile into a minimum energy state. This process of morphogenesis unites material and formation: it is the very specificity of material in its structure in an environment that generates form.Through practice-based research in the field of textile design, experimental samples have been woven and analysed in order to understand the transformative forces in the textiles. Two techniques for producing transformative behaviour have been identified and ex-plored: shrinking/resisting and twisting. Shrinking yarns include elastics and thermoplastic polyester yarns, while the resisting yarns are stiff but pliable monofilament or paper yarns. Combining shrinking and resisting yarns in multi-layer weave structures produces voluminous three-dimensional form as the resisting yarns deflect from the textile plane reshaped by the active shrinking yarns. The twisting technique makes use of the hygromorphic properties of high-twist linen yarn as weft. Transforming in response to mois-ture, this natural fibre produces multiple non-linear transformative behaviours. These have been explored in depth to produce a design model identifying the design variables influencing three transforma-tive behaviours: rolling, pleating, and texturising.This foundational research is aimed at other textile designers working in weaving. It is intended to provide examples and tools for designing textiles with transformative behaviour, with potential appli-cations within and beyond textile design. It challenges top-down de-sign approaches and conventional perspectives of textiles as 2D and static, proposing new possibilities for designing adaptive, sustainable textile systems.

Människor över hela världen lever längre idag, andelen äldre förväntas bli fler och få större vårdbehov samtidigt som de i arbetsför ålder blir färre. År 2018 tog regeringen beslut om att hälso- och sjukvården ska genomföra omställning till Nära vård. Omställningen till Nära vård är en förändring som ställer ökade krav på ledarskap och det finns flera utmaningar som följer med rollen som första linjens chef i hemtjänsten . Syftet var att undersöka vilka förutsättningar första linjens chefer inom hemtjänst behöver för att genomföra omställning till Nära vård. Metoden utgick från en kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervjustudie utifrån en induktiv innehållsanalys. Nio intervjuer genomfördes med första linjens chefer i kommunal hemtjänst i Mellansverige och södra Sverige. I resultatet framkom att det saknas förutsättningar för omställning till Nära vård inom hemtjänst. Det behöv finnas mer kunskap, tydligare mål och strukturerad organisation. Personal- och kompetensförsörjning samt stora personalgrupper är utmaningar för första linjens chefer att hantera. Det framgår att digitalisering efterfrågas för att kompensera bristen på personal. För att genomföra omställningen till Nära vård behöver första linjens chefer resurser och stöd för att lyckas med ett förändringsarbete. Samverkan och teamet visar sig ha betydelse för första linjens chefer. I diskussionen ställs resultatet mot relevant forskning om vilket stöd första linjens chefer behöver för omställning till Nära vård. 

From monopoly to marketplace, the Swedish pharmacy industry has transformed into one of the most competitive sectors, driven by digitalization. E-commerce has grown dramatically in response to shifting consumer behavior and demand for online purchasing alternatives, and while the overall retail e-commerce growth has slowed in recent years, the pharmacy sector has continued to expand online. In 2024, pharmacy-related goods became the most purchased category in Swedish e-commerce. E-commerce now constitutes a central arena for pharmacy chains. Notably, the increasing focus on non-prescription products, such as beauty and skincare, has raised questions about the drivers behind this growth and its impact on the pharmacies' competitiveness. This study explores the factors driving this development and how pharmacies increasingly rely on expanding their range of non-prescription goods as a strategic lever for digital growth. A qualitative approach was employed, based on fourteen official reports from Tandvårds- and läkemedelsförmånsverket and Swedish Pharmacy Association between 2018 and 2024, as well as semi-structured interviews with six pharmacy professionals working in business development and as commercial managers. The analysis was framed using Porter's Five Forces model and Ansoff’s matrix and analyzed using thematic analysis, allowing for the identification of patterns and recurring themes. The findings indicate that e-commerce growth is primarily driven by intensified rivalry among existing pharmacy actors, increased price transparency, and an industry expansion. In a market characterized by low product differentiation and strong price regulation, pharmacies have adopted strategies focused on differentiation and industry convergence to navigate competitive pressures. This involves expanding beyond traditional pharmaceutical offerings into adjacent categories such as skincare, beauty, and nutrition, where brand identity and customer experience play a larger role. These sectors allow for an increased bargaining power with suppliers, while simultaneously lowering customers bargaining power, giving pharmacies strategic flexibility.

Companies' environmental sustainability efforts have gained increasing influence in today's society and partly shape how customers perceive and relate to brands. This study examines how companies' environmental sustainability efforts affect customer loyalty through semi-structured interviews with thirteen individuals of different ages and backgrounds, in order to gain a deeper understanding of their perceptions. The results show that sustainability is a relevant factor for many consumers, but not a decisive one when it comes to making a purchase decision. Instead, factors such as additional services, product quality, price, and previous experience tend to carry more weight. However, credible and honest sustainability communication can increase trust and thereby strengthen customer loyalty. The study also finds that greenwashing or perceived greenwashing can lead to mistrust and weaker customer relationships. Environmental sustainability thus functions as a contributing factor: not always decisive, but something that can make a difference when basic consumer needs are already met. 

This study explores how students and teachers in Swedish higher education experience the use of the Canvas learning management system (LMS) course pages in relation to communication, interaction, structure, usability, and adaptability in distance learning environments. Using a mixed methods approach, data were collected and analyzed to identify patterns, variations, and potential areas for improvement in course design and platform use. The results reveal differences between the two user groups. Regarding communication and interaction, teachers generally perceive Canvas course pages as a functional tool for interaction, whereas students report more varied experiences, indicating a gap between teachers intentions and students actual perceptions. In terms of structure, usability, and adaptability, students experience inconsistency between course pages, which often causes confusion. Meanwhile teachers describe the adaptability of Canvas course pages as beneficial for customization, yet acknowledge a need for clearer guidelines to support student orientation. Discrepancy between the technical possibilities of the platform and how effectively they are used, highlights the significance of information architecture (IA) in LMS. When course structures and navigational logic vary between instructors, it undermines consistency, usability, and findability, core principles of IA, which may negatively impact students ability to access and engage with course content. The study suggests institutions should provide more support and continuous training for teachers, and that students perspectives should be actively integrated into the design of course pages. Findings are discussed through the lens of sociotechnical systems theory, emphasizing the importance of aligning technological design with pedagogical practices, organizational structures, and user needs.

This study aims to investigate the information-seeking behaviors and news consumption habits of four Swedish teenagers, aged 15 to 18. Qualitative methods were used to conduct interviews with the participants and analyze the data, which was organized into themes and then applied to Kuhlthau’s Information Search Process (ISP) model. The findings show that the participants primarily use TikTok and other social media platforms to access news, occasionally relying on family and friends as additional sources. The study also explores the participants’ thoughts and feelings about these various sources, showing that ease of access to information seems to be more important for teenagers than trusting the source or platform that is being used. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the ISP-model may need to be updated in order to continue to be relevant for information-searching in a modern, algorithm- and AI-centered context.

This thesis aims at creating a better understanding on how Swedish public libraries have incorporated recorded music in their collections during the period 1970-2024. In a time when music distribution has changed, it can be difficult for the libraries to find new ways of working with recorded music. Using a theoretical framework drawing from institutional theory and the concept of legitimacy, as well as the library's collection repertoires, a study using documents as material has been conducted. Qualitative text analysis was used to examine governmental, as well as a Swedish library-oriented journal. Spanning through multiple changes in format, digital innovations and societal aspects, the challenges for public libraries have been plentiful. While CD's and youth combined made recorded music a successful library item, the music in digital formats has been struggling to make its way into becoming a consistent digital library service, with the library relying heavily on the material aspects on music as a physical library item. The library as an institution providing musical culture has moved from general education repertoire and alternative repertoire towards demand repertoire and alternative repertoire. This thesis provides useful information on the evolution of recorded music as a library item with omitted political support for digital music distribution.

This study aims to contribute to the knowledge about climate disinformation on the search engine Google search. Focus lies on greenwashing content on the search engine result page, in relation to Google's principles of Expertise, Experience, Authority and Trustworthiness (EEAT) and Your Money or Your Life (YMYL). Greenwashing is a form of climate disinformation where companies present exaggerated or false climate claims. This study investigates the search terms climate neutral and net zero emissions as well as a sample of companies publicly accused of greenwashing in Sweden. The research questions are: Does Google search contribute to the visibility of greenwashing, and if so, how? How can the search results be understood in relation to Google's principles of trustworthiness? The data collection was performed with the search engine scraper, Result Assessment Tool (RAT). A content analysis with a coding scheme was made to detect greenwashing. Using frame theory, the search results were both analyzed individually and the first two result pages as a whole. The result suggests that Google contributes to the visibility of greenwashing on Google search. This is in line with the report Greenwashing on Google but in this case in a Swedish context. However, more studies are needed to form a firm conclusion. As previous research discusses, the climate crisis can be framed as a public health issue. It could therefore be argued that websites with climate claims that affect people's economy or health ought to be moderated as YMYL and according to the principles of EEAT.

This study investigates how dark patterns in the user interface (UI) of video games influence children’s play behavior and decision-making, with a specific focus on the Roblox game Adopt Me!. Dark patternsare manipulative design techniques that guide users toward decisions that benefit developers over users. While prior research has examined these patterns in commercial platforms, little is known about how they function in children’s games, especially from an information architecture (IA) perspective.

Using a qualitative, triangulated method combining content analysis of UI/UX elements, observations, and interviews with child players, as well as complementary observations involving children of different ages and adult users to contextualize children’s experience within a broader perspective, the study explores how interface design affects children’s choices, sense of control, and interaction within game environments.

The findings show that dark patterns are deeply embedded in Adopt Me!’s interface, influencing behavior through psychological mechanisms like “user control,” “impulse buying,” and “play time.” These strategies often operate below children’s awareness, shifting decision-making power from user to system.

Analyzing the results through affordance, nudging, and choice architecture reveals how manipulative UI challenges core IA principles such as transparency, clarity, and autonomy. The study also raises ethical concerns about digital participation and offers practical design recommendations to support children's sense of control, promote reflective decision-making, and reduce manipulation in child-targeted interfaces.

Confirmshaming is a manipulative technique with the purpose to influence users decision by induce feelings of guilt and shame. This study investigates the issue of low awareness of confirmshaming and the experiences that occur when users are exposed to offers in mobile e-commerce. A quantitative survey study was conducted to examine users awareness and self-reported reactions to different degrees of confirmshaming, with a focus on how manipulative phrasing affects emotions and hypothetical choices. The results show that awareness of confirmshaming is generally low and that users, regardless of the type of confirmshaming, report negative emotional reactions such as guilt and irritation. These emotional responses, in turn, are linked to participants self-reported intentions, with many stating that they might avoid using the service in the future. This study also shows that confirmshaming can involve several different persuasions principles, making the technique difficult for users to identify and manage. This insight contributes to the understanding of how manipulative phrases are experienced by users and contributes to the need for further research of confirmshaming is experienced among various contexts and demographics groups.

Every year, over five million perinatal deaths occur worldwide. The midwife plays a central role in caring for parents who have lost their child. In order for the midwife to provide good care that meets the needs of parents facing perinatal loss, it is important to examine the midwife’s experiences of encountering perinatal loss in her work. The aim of the study was to explore the midwife’s experience of facing perinatal loss. A systematic literature review was chosen as the method, and ten qualitative articles formed the basis for the results. These were analysed using an inductive qualitative content analysis. The analysis resulted in three main categories and eight subcategories that reflect the midwife’s experience of facing perinatal loss. The main category Experiencing, processing, and being affected highlights the emotional impact, as well as how midwives process and are personally and professionally affected by these encounters. The midwife’s conditions emphasize the importance of collegial support. In situations where resources and organizational support were lacking, frustration arose from not being able to provide the care the midwife wanted to give. The caring role in a difficult encounter highlights the importance of the midwife being able to provide empathetic care, centred around the individual needs of the parents, which could lead to both personal and professional satisfaction. The conclusion was that the midwife was emotionally affected and felt responsible for providing good empathetic care to parents. The results highlight the importance of the organisation and employer providing adequate conditions to enable professional and empathetic care from the midwife towards parents who have lost a child. 

Background: The increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events have extensive consequences for healthcare. Emergency care can be affected through increased patient inflow, complex care needs, and disruptions in infrastructure. This places high demands on the emergency nurse’s ability to act in crisis, provide person-centered care, and meet both physical and psychological care needs. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the conditions and competencies that are important for emergency nurses’ caregiving during extreme weather events. Method: A systematic integrative literature review was conducted, based on nine scientific articles published between 2017–2024. Data collection was carried out in the databases CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The analysis followed Whittemore and Knafl (2005). Results: The identified main categories were: Conditions for caregiving during extreme weather and Competencies for caregiving during extreme weather. Conclusion: The results show that lack of knowledge, experience, and organizational support creates uncertainty and hinders caregiving, while education, realistic exercises, and collegial support strengthen both preparedness and confidence in the care relationship. Sustainable emergency care during extreme weather requires more than preparedness plans and resources. Caring leadership, continuous professional development, and organizational structures that enable reflection, recovery, and support in ethical challenges are essential. The study shows that the care relationship must be protected even during extreme weather—and that the emergency nurse needs to be seen as a key actor in maintaining person-centered, empathetic, and ethical caregiving.

This study examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the work tasks, competence requirements, and professional identity of web developers in Sweden. Using a qualitative approach, five semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals in web and system development. The findings show that AI tools such as GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT streamline routine tasks like code generation and testing, allowing developers to focus on creative and strategic aspects of their work. However, the study also reveals that AI introduces new demands, including critical evaluation of AI-generated content, prompt engineering skills, and ethical considerations. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of technological determinism and Explainable AI (XAI), the analysis indicates that while AI reshapes workflows and broadens professional roles, it functions more as a complement than are placement. The results suggest that future competitiveness will depend on combining traditional coding skills with data analysis, user experience expertise, and the ability to collaborate effectively with AI systems.

This doctoral thesis problematizes and develops a theoretical explanation of the conditions for equal relations in collaboration between public and civil society organizations. The focus is motivated as collaboration, assumed to be characterized by horizontal organizing and equal relations, is promoted by stakeholders across different levels in Sweden and in national policies on civil society. Through a survey and four case studies, the thesis explores how ideas of collaboration are manifested at the local level of municipal departments and civil society organizations: from initiation and establishment to becoming linked to regular municipal operations. Survey responses indicate that municipal collaborations with civil society organizations aiming for horizontal organizingand equal relationships have not manifested in significant ways. Further, ananalysis of Idea-Driven Public Partnerships (IOP) suggests that collaboration is more common where civil society organizations possess the expertise, experience, and legitimacy to act. Collaboration also occurs in a dynamic field of tension. While the collaborations in three cases initially exhibited horizontal organizingand more equal relationships, municipal actors over time took a leading role, aiming for standardization and bureaucratization. To maintain control or influence, the civil society organizations adapted, distanced themselves, or exited. However, regardless of their strategic response, their influence diminished overtime. Through a model for institutional analysis of collaboration, it is illustrated that collaboration tends to reproduce inequality over time. The model also provides an understanding of how collaboration evolves beyond the normative ideals of harmony portrayed in policy and some academic literature.

Background

Acute abdominal pain (AAP) is a common reason for calling emergency medical services (EMS). Despite the widely acknowledged importance of effective prehospital pain management, described by patients as crucial regardless of any other factor, studies on prehospital pain management in AAP patients are limited and suggest room for improvement. This is particularly relevant given the long-standing controversy surrounding the use of analgesia in AAP patients before a final diagnosis is made, which may still influence the prehospital pain management.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of pain management in EMS patients with AAP in a central Swedish region. The region had a population density of 15.7 inhabitants per square kilometer spread over a mix of small urban and rural settings. Patient records were manually reviewed and scanned for written assessments or numeric ratings of pain. The analysis focused on proportions of assessment, treatment and reassessment of pain as well as median pain intensity, pain reduction and proportion of patients with a low last recording of pain.

Results

816 patients were included. Pain was assessed in 55% (n = 447) of all cases. The median initial pain intensity was eight units (IQR 6.0–9.0) on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and 90% (n = 403) of the assessed patients experienced moderate or severe pain. Of those, 62% (n = 249) received pharmacological treatment. In 50% (n = 158) of all cases receiving treatment, pain was reassessed afterwards. The median pain reduction was four units (IQR 2.0–5.0) on the NRS scale. Among all cases, 10% (n = 84) had a last recorded pain assessment indicating low pain.

Conclusions

Significant room for improvement in the prehospital management of acute abdominal pain was found. The proportions of pain assessment, treatment and reassessment were low with nine out of ten patients leaving prehospital care with unknown, moderate or severe pain. Among the cases where pain assessment, treatment and reassessment were made and recorded, four out of five patients experienced significant pain relief, indicating the potential of better prehospital pain management.

Background

Implementing evidence-based parenting programs often involves navigating fidelity-adaptation decisions. While research has explored various aspects of this dilemma, little is known about how practitioners’ outcome preferences influence their decisions in real-world scenarios.

Methods

This study employed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to investigate the relative importance of five outcomes (Relationship Quality, Satisfaction, Workload Strain, Value Conflict, and Reach) in fidelity-adaptation decisions among 209 practitioners delivering evidence-based parenting programs in Sweden. The DCE presented 25 choice sets across five contextual scenarios, analyzed using Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression.

Results

All five outcomes significantly influenced practitioners’ choices, with Relationship Quality emerging as the most impactful (log-odds: 4.56, 95% CI [4.16, 4.91]). Satisfaction and minimizing Value Conflict showed similar importance (log odds: 2.45 and -2.40, respectively), while Workload Strain and Reach had slightly less impact (log odds: -2.10 and 1.96, respectively).

Conclusions

This study offers a novel perspective on the role of outcome preference in navigating fidelity-adaptation decisions. The strong preference for improving parent-child relationships aligns with core parenting program goals, while consideration of other outcomes reflects practitioners’ holistic approach to implementation. These findings can inform the design of interventions and implementation strategies that balance effectiveness with real-world constraints, potentially enhancing parenting programs’ adoption, sustainability, and impact.

Introduction

Oral health is multi-faceted and influences a person’s daily life, and numerous potential barriers and factors can challenge and pose barriers to good oral health. Shortages of healthcare professionals or incorrect care practices can be barriers to performing good oral healthcare. A knowledge gap has been identified in qualitative research on description of healthcare professionals’ experiences of oral healthcare among older adults in municipal healthcare.

Aim

To describe healthcare professionals’ experiences of oral healthcare among older adults in Swedish municipal healthcare.

Design and methods

The study employed a qualitative design guided by a secondary qualitative analysis method comprising inductive qualitative content analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews with healthcare professionals.

Results

Good relationships and mutual trust create the conditions for delivering good oral healthcare. Knowledge provides confidence and trust in performing oral healthcare, experiences and strategies influence the individual adaptation of oral healthcare, and priorities and collaboration influence oral healthcare provision.

Conclusion and implications

The performance of oral healthcare is complex and cannot be achieved without establishing a relationship with the older adult who needs care. Oral healthcare includes prerequisites such as routines, sufficient time, work-time planning, and collaboration between healthcare professionals. Registered nurses positively experience opportunities to collaborate with other healthcare professionals regarding oral healthcare and are seen as leaders in the Fundamentals of Care and are sharing good examples of oral healthcare in palliative care.

The growing aquaculture industry has an increasing demand for novel, sustainably produced protein sources for aquafeed. This study aimed to determine the apparent digestibility (AD%), pellet quality, and protein score of four novel fungal proteins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), namely, PEKILO® (PEK) derived from Paecilomyces variotii, Aspergillus oryzae (AO), Rhizopus oligosporus (RO), and Rhizopus delemar (RD). All fungi were grown on various side-streams, such as beet vinasse, thin stillage, and whole stillage. The diets were produced by extrusion technology and consisted of control and test diets with a 30:70 test ingredient/control ratio. Feeding lasted for 39 days. Each tank had 20 fish, with three replicates per dietary treatment. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the means of the groups with each other. The dry matter (DM) digestibility of PEK was significantly higher than that of AO, RD, and RO, all with similar digestibility. The crude protein AD% for PEK was 86.5%, which is significantly higher than that of the other fungal sources. AO, PEK, RD, and RO had similar crude fat AD% compared to each other, at 83.8%, 87.4%, 90.5%, and 88.5%, respectively. The pellet quality was found to deteriorate with addition of fungal proteins. PEK had high AD% for most of the macronutrients tested and better pellet quality. © 2025 by the authors.

Background: Trait emotional intelligence (EI) is often assessed using the 30-item Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF). However, previous research using item response theory (IRT) modelling has identified several underperforming items. This study aimed to psychometrically evaluate, refine, and optimize the TEIQue-SF using IRT, with the goals of identifying and eliminating underperforming items, and examining whether items in the refined version function differently across sexes. Furthermore, the study sought to further validate the Swedish version of the TEIQue-SF.

Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed 845 first-year students aged 19–59 (87% women) from seven healthcare and social work programs across six universities in southern Sweden. Participants completed the TEIQue-SF and health-related measures for convergent validity. IRT modeling employed the Graded Response Model (GRM) using the 2-Parameter Logistic Model in IRT for Patient-Reported Outcomes (IRTPRO). Marginal reliability and differential item functioning (DIF) were assessed with IRT, internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha and mean inter-item correlations, and validity through evaluating Direct Discrepancy Dynamic fit index (DDDFI) and bivariate correlations.

Results: The IRT modeling identified underperforming items, leading to a refined 12-item TEIQue-SF that effectively captures trait EI with high-quality items. The item selection process is detailed and supplemented. The shortened measure showed a strong correlation with the original (r = .94), demonstrated good reliability, and exhibited uniform DIF for only one item (Item 15). A comparison of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model fit statistics using the DDDFI indicated a fair fit for the TEIQue-SF. Consistent with previous research on the TEIQue-SF, both 30-item and 12 item versions demonstrated strong convergent validity with health-related measures within the Swedish context.

Conclusions: The 12-item TEIQue-SF is a brief, precise, and valid measure for assessing trait EI while preserving its global conceptual structure. IRT modeling and validity testing against health-related measures confirm that 12-item TEIQue-SF effectively captures trait EI.

Arbetet på akutmottagningar präglas av högt tempo med stora patientflöden under begränsade resurser, vilket ofta gör att dokumentationen prioriteras lägre än direkta vårdåtgärder. Detta leder till ofullständig dokumentation eller att dokumentation missas helt på grund av tidspress och hög arbetsbelastning. Akutsjuksköterskan har en viktig roll med stort ansvar för att snabbt kunna bedöma, behandla och koordinera vården för patienter, samtidigt som nödvändig information ska dokumenteras i journalsystem. Journalen är en central del i en patientsäker vård för kommunikation och kontinuitet. Syftet var att beskriva akutsjuksköterskors upplevelser av nödvändig patientdokumentation i samband med vård och behandling på akutmottagning, genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie. Åtta sjuksköterskor från två olika akutmottagningar rekryterades med variation i kön, ålder och arbetslivserfarenhet. Dataanalysen resulterade i fyra huvudteman, dokumentationens struktur och syfte, värdet av dokumentation för patientsäkerhet inom sjukvården, dokumentation ur akutsjuksköterskans perspektiv och utmaningar och riskmedvetenhet i dokumentationsarbetet. Sjuksköterskornas upplevelse av nödvändig patientdokumentation påverkas av riktlinjer, arbetsförhållande och den professionella rollen men upplevs som en central del av vårdprocessen och patientsäkerheten. Arbetsmiljö och typ av journalsystem påverkade omfattningen och kvalitén i patientdokumentationen, men även arbetslivserfarenheten påverkade vad som upplevdes som nödvändigt. Tydligare riktlinjer, förbättrade journalsystem och organisatoriskt stöd behövs för att stärka dokumentationens betydelse ur både ett patientsäkerhetsperspektiv och arbetsmiljöperspektiv.

This paper explores digitalisation as a means for sustainable development within the fashion industry. Through an exploratory qualitative research design, we analyse interview and observation data on fashion industry professionals in Sweden and Finland to further the understanding of the promises but also potential perils of digital transformation in fashion. Our analysis shows that actors within the industry are willing to, and see the value of, digitalisation in order to transform current practices within fashion design. At the same time, lack of resources and understanding for the new types of knowledge required to fully adopt the desired changes leads to a situation where implementing new digital technologies at their full potential is difficult to achieve. Our results point at the importance of understanding the wider need for knowledge development within the fashion industry in order to succeed with the promises of digital technologies for sustainable transition in moving from a reactive to proactive stance on the possibilities of digitalisation. 

This study investigates how the design of cookie banners influences users’ decisions to accept or reject cookies, as well as how clearly data collection information is perceived. A quantitative survey was conducted with 51 participants. The results indicate that visual elements such as color, button placement, and number of clicks —have a significant impact on user choices, often more than the content of the cookie policies themselves. Although many respondents value digital privacy, the majority rarely or never read the information before accepting cookies. Cookie policies were also commonly perceived as unclear. The study concludes that banner design plays a crucial role in user experience and the extent to which consent is truly informed. To enhance transparency and ethical standards in digital design, clearer and more balanced interfaces are recommended. This study is in Swedish and contributes insights relevant to future research and the development of user-centered design solutions.

The purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge on how digitalization impacts leadership and to identify the challenges that arise and how managers who exercise leadership manage them. There is a lack of research investigating this phenomenon and its impact on managers. This study employs a qualitative research method, and the scope is limited to conducting interviews with managers in Sweden who have over three years of experience. The respondents, who make up the empirical material, work for both large and small organizations. The empirical material consists of 13 semi-structured interviews, and the study results in four themes. These themes are used to explore the purpose of the study and to answer research questions. The four identified themes are: motivation, decision-making, the relationship with employees, and adaptability. The results of the study may provide managers with the opportunity to gain a better understanding of digitalization, its impact on their leadership, and how managers in other industries are dealing with this development. Future research in the field could include managers from different industries, theoretical perspectives, or a focus on employees in order to broaden their overall understanding. The study is written in Swedish. 

This study examines variations in the effective tax rate (ETR) among Swedish listed companies over 2014-2023. Based on 1108 firm-year observations, we map ETR’s evolution across time and firms and assess its relationship with three key explanatory factors—leverage, revenue, and market capitalization—while controlling for industry and year effects via correlation and bootstrapped regression analyses. The results show that a one-unit increase in leverage is significantly associated with a +1.6 percentage-point increase in ETR, and a one-unit increase in revenue corresponds to a +1.9 percentage-point increase in ETR. Market capitalization has no significant effect. Industry dummies reveal that Consumer Goods firms exhibit +2.2 percentage-points and Consumer Services firms -3.3 percentage-points deviations from Industrials, whereas none of the year dummies differ significantly from 2014. Together, these variables explain only 5,8 % of the variation in ETR, indicating that 94,2 % remains driven by other, unobserved factors. This study provides Nordic empirical evidence on how capital structure, revenue, and industry jointly shape actual corporate taxation in Sweden - laying a foundation for deeper analyses and policy evaluation. 

This qualitative study investigates how elements of information architecture, such as navigation, visual design and accessibility, influence users’ perceptions of usability and trust in Swedish dental websites. While previous research has examined these factors in a broader healthcare context, limited attention has been paid to dental websites, which serve as recurring digital contact points for patients. The study combines thematic analysis of open-ended survey responses with targeted content analysis of case studies on seven selected dental websites. The theoretical framework integrates Morville’s UX Honeycomb, WCAG 2.1 and Fogg’s Credibility Model.

The results suggest that clear navigation structures, coherent visual design and accessible content significantly improve both usability and trust. However, several websites exhibited issues such as complex structures, overwhelming graphics and poor readability, which negatively affected the user experience. Accessibility issues, particularly regarding text contrast and language clarity, were common and risked excluding users, especially the elderly and individuals with disabilities.

The study concludes that dental websites can strengthen user trust and improve usability by focusing on navigation, accessibility and visual design. These insights are particularly relevant in light of the upcoming accessibility legislation in Sweden. The results offer practical guidance for developers, designers and healthcare communicators aiming to improve the digital experience for patients.

This qualitative study explores how school librarians perceive their role in promoting reading, and how they reflect on their professional identity. It also examines how the role of the school librarian is negotiated through power, legitimacy and collaboration with other professional roles within the school context. The study is based on six semi-structured interviews with practicing school librarians in Sweden. The collected data was analyzed using Lena Folkesson’s theoretical framework on three dimensions of collaboration; profession, power and legitimacy. The findings indicate that effective collaboration between school libraries and teachers/other professionals requires clear directives from school leaders regarding the school library’s mission, as well as establishment of mutual objectives and goals with other professional roles. Furthermore, the result highlights the school library as an essential cultural and literary resource, providing students with cultural experiences and access to literature they might not otherwise encounter. School librarians are identified as key actors in the development of children’s and adolescent’s reading skills.

This thesis examines the impact of the project Boken kommer 2.0 on librarians’ professional practice within the public library system in Gothenburg, Sweden. In addition to the project's specific influence, the study explores broader organizational changes related to centralization and efficiency measures. Employing a qualitative case study methodology, interviews were conducted with four librarians possessing direct experience of Boken kommer. Several findings emerged from the study. One finding suggests that the professional role of some librarians is expanding, leading to a potential blurring of role boundaries and a less clearly defined professional status. Changes within the organization have enabled several librarians to engage in new additional duties. Competencies linked to the former work practice with Boken kommer appear to be redistributed, rather than being lost. Another finding suggests that librarians may experience a general reduction in competence due to centralization and efficiency measures. Despite these developments, librarians demonstrate a high degree of adaptability and changes are generally met without resistance. This study contributes to the understanding of how structural transformations within public libraries influence professional roles and practices, highlighting the evolving nature of librarianship in response to institutional change. The study confirmes the ongoing discussion about librarians often vague job desciption and indicates a constant professional fluidity, wich may lead to continued difficulties in stablishing librariansship as a recognized profession.

Bakgrund

Arbetsmotivation är centralt både för individers prestationer och verksamheters förutsättningar att nå uppsatta mål. Forskning har visat att tre grundläggande psykologiska behov, autonomi, social tillhörighet och kompetens, främjar inre arbetsmotivation. Ett flertal internationella studier stödjer dessa samband, men forskningen kring ämnet är bristfällig på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Syftet med studien var att med bakgrund i Basic Psychological Need Theory (BPNT) undersöka eventuella samband mellan autonomi och inre arbetsmotivation, social tillhörighet och inre arbetsmotivation samt kompetens och inre arbetsmotivation. I ett sekundärt syfte undersöktes även könsskillnader i upplevelsen av social tillhörighet vid samma nivå av inre arbetsmotivation. Metod För att undersöka studiens syfte användes kvantitativ metod i form av enkätundersökning som datainsamlingsmetod. Enkätundersökningen utformades utifrån studiens hypoteser och teorin BPNT. För att mäta inre arbetsmotivation, autonomi, social tillhörighet och kompetens hämtades de flesta frågor och svarsalternativ från Center for self-determation theory (2025) medan en del av frågorna operationaliserades utifrån definitionen av inre arbetsmotivation. 133 arbetstagare i Sverige deltog i studien.

Resultat

Resultatet visade på starka samband mellan autonomi och inre arbetsmotivation och något svagare samband mellan kompetens och inre arbetsmotivation. Det gick inte att se några signifikanta samband mellan social tillhörighet och inre arbetsmotivation. Det gick heller inte att se några signifikanta skillnader mellan kvinnor och män i upplevelsen av social tillhörighet vid samma grad av inre arbetsmotivation.

Slutsats

Slutsatsen visar att BPNT delvis går att applicera för arbetstagare på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Autonomi är starkast av behoven för att främja inre arbetsmotivation hos svenska arbetstagare. Studien kunde inte styrka könsskillnader i upplevelsen av social tillhörighet vid samma nivå av inre arbetsmotivation, vilket avviker från tidigare internationella studier. Studien bidrar till en nyanserande bild av BPNT antaganden om att sambandet mellan autonomi och inre arbetsmotivation, social tillhörighet och inre arbetsmotivation och kompetens och inre arbetsmotivation finns oberoende kulturell kontext. Trots att alla hypoteser inte kunde bekräftas bidrar studien med värdefulla insikter om inre arbetsmotivation i en svensk arbetsmarknadskontex och ger nya perspektiv på tidigare globala generaliseringar inom BPNT.

This study examines how Swedish school librarians contribute to the institutional development and legitimacy of school libraries, with a focus on those awarded Skolbibliotek i världsklass (“World-Class School Library”). Using institutional theory as a framework, the study explores how individual agency, formal structures, and professional norms interact in shaping school library practices. 

The analysis is based on qualitative interviews with four school librarians and shows that while the award criteria did not directly change organizational structures, they served as tools for reflection, strategic planning, and increased visibility. The librarians describe how they work actively to integrate the library into the school’s pedagogical mission, often by building relationships with teaching staff and participating in planning and evaluation processes. 

The findings underline the importance of school leadership and organizational support in legitimizing the school library. They also highlight the role of school librarians as key actors in navigating between educational and cultural institutions, thereby influencing how school libraries are perceived and practiced.

This paper aims to develop new knowledge about how librarians are represented in contemporary novels and films and whether they are represented as stereotypes or not, as well as comparing the representations in novels and films. Five novels and five films published between 2004 and 2024 were analyzed using an analytical tool in combination with qualitative content analysis, where the librarians’ characters, appearances, personalities, behaviors and work were examined and coded into 24 different attributes. They were later compared to three librarian stereotypes to see if they identified as any of them. 

The result of the study shows that the representation of librarians in contemporary novels and films is varied and overall neutral or positive. Three of the ten librarians identified as two of the librarian stereotypes, but none of the librarians in this study identified as the “classical” librarian stereotype of an older, angry lady with her hair in a bun and glasses. There are many similarities between the representations in novels and films, with a few notable differences. The representation of librarians in films was more visible and less neutral than librarians in novels. Some new patterns of how librarians are represented in contemporary novels and films are found by looking at frequent codes within the attributes, and most of these new patterns paint the librarians in a more positive light than previous studies have shown. 

This thesis seeks to explore public librarians’ conceptions of their expertise and professional identity in relation to bibliotherapeutic practice, where aspects such as theoretical knowledge, practical experience and personal characteristics are considered. To achieve this the following questions are asked; Which experiences and conceptions of bibliotherapeutic method exist? How do public librarians describe their expertise and professional identity in relation to bibliotherapeutic practices? Which conditions and obstacles are expressed which can influence the bibliotherapeutic practice? Three public librarians are being interviewed, with varying degrees of experience in, and theoretical knowledge of, the method. With support from Mark Stover’s theories of the librarian as non-expert, the study shows that all three librarians put heavy emphasis on aspects of their expertise which can be summarised as social intelligence, including communication skills, relationship-building ability, and empathy, as key elements, as well as a solid theoretical knowledge of the method. A professional identity where being authentic, interested and confident in interpersonal exchanges, and having a desire to help others, as well as being able to make others feel safe, appears central to those with a positive experience of the method. The study also finds that professional and personal experience can be a key factor in how the term therapy is interpreted, and what type of cognitive authority, or uncertainty, the term is associated with. All three librarians express positive experiences or conceptions of the method, and when theoretical knowledge of the method is present, its value to the library is strongly advocated.

As data grow and become more complex, organizations face increasing challenges in automating and scaling analytics. Conventional analytics tools often prescribe static workflows with limited adaptability and usually require manual intervention in several stages of the process. This thesis puts forth AIDST, the AI Data Science Team, a multi-agent system architecture for autonomous running of end-to-end data analytics workflows. According to Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, this work proposes a modular framework of intelligent agents arranged into perception, cognitive, and execution layers. These agents cooperate to ingest data, engineer features, train models, and deliver results through a well-specified protocol for inter-agent communication. Implemented with Python, MLflow, Streamlit, Docker, and Kubernetes, AIDST is validated through benchmarking and domain-specific case studies across finance, healthcare, and manufacturing. Results demonstrate a 14% reduction in the MSE for regression problems, a 6.7 percent lift in classification accuracy, a 22 percent reduction in runtime with a 3.7× speed-up in workflow execution, and 99.4 percent uptime for 72 hours with 89 percent automated conflict resolution. This means that, in all respects, AIDST gained scalability, adaptability, and in usability over existing approaches. This work advances the emerging field of agentic AI systems by presenting a scalable paradigm for intelligent autonomous data science operations.

Fanfiction has gotten more popular with the widespread existence of the internet and the consequential popularisation of fanfiction websources. This study aims to illuminate the reading promotional potential of fanfiction within the library space or as a library activity. To do this the study examines what role participants in the fanfiction community believe that the library can have in relation to their interest, as well as examining the participatory culture within the fanfiction community and its significance for the fanfiction readers’ reading habits. Five semi–structured interviews were conducted with participants of the fanfiction community. The interview data was analysed using thematic analysis and interpreted through the theoretical frameworks of participatory culture (Jenkins, 2009) and Dolatkhah’s (2010) Four 'M' model: meaning-making, materiality, modality, and power. The results show that fanfiction holds potential as a reading promotional tool, but also notable potential as a tool for writing promotion. The results further show that there is an interest in fanfiction related activities at the library amongst the interviewees, although there is uncertainty regarding how these activities could be conducted without infringing on copyright and without causing harm to the community. The activities suggested were often based on fanfiction writing and reading as a participatory activity. These findings suggest that fanfiction could be a tool used by the library to promote reading and writing, if utilised in a legal and respectful manner.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an emerging technology in the education sector, with the potential to transform how teaching and learning are conducted. By using AI tools such as generative AI and intelligent tutoring systems, instruction can be tailored to individual needs, enabling more personalized and effective learning. The technology also offers teachers support in the form of automated assessment and feedback. At the same time, AI presents significant challenges, such as issues of data protection, transparency in decision-making, and the risk of reduced human interaction in teaching. These opportunities and risks highlight the importance of understanding how the technology can identify and adapt instruction to students' learning patterns in order to improve student outcomes. The study was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, consisting of a literature review and a survey directed at students in higher education. The literature review provided a theoretical foundation on AI in education, while the survey gathered students’ experiences and perceptions of AI tools in their studies. The results show that AI technologies such as Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Large Language Models (LLM) are commonly used and are often integrated into tools such as ChatGPT. These technologies are applied for text processing, information retrieval, language development, and to enhance the understanding of complex concepts. The respondents reported that such tools can contribute to time efficiency, improved structure, and greater effectiveness in their studies. At the same time, risks were identified, including reduced critical thinking, an increased risk of plagiarism, and a tendency to rely on AI instead of engaging in independent analysis and reflection.

The study aims to create a deeper understanding of the emotions video game players feel when they encounter dark patterns in PC based free-to-play games. Self-determination theory and the psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness are used as a base for the data collection as well as an analytical lens for the analysis and discussion. Through semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis six themes were discovered that represent the frustrations and satisfactions that players feel during the interactions. Four of these themes encompass the negative feelings players described while two of them represent the positive feelings. The findings suggest that players often experience both frustration and satisfaction over the same interaction at the same time. The results also show how users tend to feel resilient to dark patterns even though they describe interactions where they have been successfully manipulated. A discussion is held to lift important connections to theory as well as anchor the findings with previous research. Lastly the study’s limitations are reviewed and areas for future research are reflected on.

It is becoming increasingly common to use a chatbot as the entry point for customer service today. As the willingness to use a chatbot has grown rapidly, organizations are struggling to keep up, and the question of how it should function within the customer support process is a major concern for many. During the customer's interaction with the chatbot, situations may arise where the issue requires a more human touch, and therefore, how the chatbot integrates with the escalation process is of utmost importance. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the escalation process when a chatbot is involved. The goal is to describe the process and identify various factors that negatively affect both organizations and customers. To answer this question, a qualitative study was conducted at two Swedish organizations that use chatbots as the entry point in their customer service. Data was collected from both customers and individuals with in-depth knowledge of the chatbot and the customer service process at their organization. Content analysis was conducted to identify correlations and key areas. The results of the study reveal three different ways to initiate an escalation from the chatbot, automatic escalation, semi-automatic escalation and manual escalation. Additionally, four areas were identified where the chatbot was considered lacking or had potential for improvement. Limitations of the chatbot described various tasks the chatbot is unable to perform—tasks that, at first glance, both customers and organizations believe it should be able to handle. Self-service emerged as an area with the greatest development potential for the chatbot. Usage rate highlighted that customers are still hesitant to use chatbots. Evaluation of the chatbot was identified as one of the major problem areas for organizations currently using chatbots. This research contributes valuable insights into the use of chatbots in customer support processes. Further research in the field, as well as expanding this study to include more organizations, is considered necessary. This study is written in Swedish.

This study explores how visual design factors in motion graphics influence users’ comprehension of digital information. Using a qualitative approach, five semi-structured interviews were conducted in which participants reflected on two contrasting videos explaining the same content — a simple cooking task — but designed with different visual strategies. One version featured slow pacing, clear sequencing, and consistent visual hierarchy, while the other used fast transitions, competing visual elements, and decorative effects. The aim was to examine how these design choices affected users’ understanding, attention, and perceived cognitive load.

Thematic analysis revealed five key themes: sequential clarity, pacing, visual structure, the function of text, and preference for logical flow. Participants consistently favored the slower, more structured video, describing it as easier to follow and more meaningful. In contrast, the more visually intense version was perceived as confusing and cognitively demanding.

The results are discussed in relation to theories of cognitive load, visual hierarchy, and multimodal design. The study highlights how specific visual strategies in motion graphics can either support or hinder comprehension, and concludes that rhythm, structure, and clarity are essential for cognitively accessible visual communication.

The increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) in e-commerce has reshaped customer interaction, positioning AI-based chatbots as a central solution for scalable and automated customer service. This study investigates the technical challenges associated with implementing such chatbot systems, with a specific focus on four key areas derived from a theoretical framework: language understanding, system integration, real-time processing, and data security and privacy. Using a qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews with seven professionals in the Swedish e-commerce and AI sector, the study identifies several recurring challenges in practice. These include difficulties in adapting LLMs to nuanced user expressions, complex system integration due to diverse IT environments, performance issues during peak traffic, and the need for secure, transparent data handling. The findings also highlight organizational factors such as internal knowledge gaps and the strategic use of chatbots in customer onboarding, which are rarely addressed in prior research. By combining technical, organizational, and user-related perspectives, this study provides practical insights for developers, decision-makers, and researchers aiming to understand the opportunities and limitations of LLM-based chatbot implementation in e-commerce environments. 

This study concludes that successful ERP implementation in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) requires a flexible, context-aware approach that balances structured planning with adaptability. Standardized implementation frameworks often fall short in addressing the unique challenges SMEs encounter, such as constrained resources, limited technical capacity, and evolving operational needs. The findings highlight the importance of offering more practical and tailored ERP support that extends beyond initial deployment to include long-term user engagement, continuous training, and support for integrating emerging technologies. By bridging the gap between theory and the lived realities of SMEs, this research contributes to the development of more applicable ERP implementation models suited to smaller and medium enterprises.

Information security and data protection are critical within public healthcare, where large volumes of sensitive personal data are processed daily. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires healthcare organizations to implement technical and organizational safeguards that ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of patient information. However, achieving GDPR compliance in practice remains complex due to both technological and organizational challenges. This bachelor thesis explores how digital technical solutions are applied in the public healthcare sector to support GDPR compliance, and examines the challenges and strategies involved. The study follows a qualitative design, using semi-structured interviews with IT specialists, system administrators, information security professionals, and nurses working within public healthcare institutions. A thematic analysis identifies key factors influencing the implementation of security measures such as encryption, authentication, and logging. The results highlight not only the importance of these technical safeguards but also the central role of organizational competence, sufficient resources, and collaboration across professional groups. The study also highlights practical challenges where GDPR requirements may conflict with patient safety or time constraints in clinical settings. Furthermore, the findings underscore the need to build a culture of security awareness within healthcare organizations. By combining technical and organizational perspectives, this research contributes to the understanding of GDPR compliance in healthcare and offers insights that may guide improved practices and support decision-makers in strengthening data protection. 

This study investigates the use of generic digital platforms in research environments characterized by locally embedded practices and varying information requirements. Based on a case study of a medical research setting at the University of Gothenburg, where a locally developed information management solution was replaced by a standardized platform, the study examines how the platform's features interact with demands for structure, security, sharing, and usability. Using semi-structured interviews, a survey, and document analysis, the research highlights how platform functionality is shaped by everyday needs and constraints. The findings show that although the platform provides technical capabilities such as version control, access management, and collaborative workspaces, its use is often limited by performance issues, poor adaptation, and fragmented implementation. Users frequently develop alternative solutions, indicating a discrepancy between the system’s logic and the realities of research practice. The analysis draws on a theoretical framework combining Zachman’s enterprise architecture model, the FAIR principles, the CIA triad, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and concepts related to usability and workflow alignment. The study contributes insights into how generic system solutions can support—or hinder—sustainable information management in academic research contexts, emphasizing the importance of contextual adaptation, user-centered support, and structural clarity. The study was conducted in Swedish.

This thesis examines how librarians at Swedish public libraries create book displays. Book displays are an important form of readers’ advisory, and are known to impact what books library users discover and read. This thesis aims to discover the goals that members of library staff try to accomplish in their display work, and what methods and tools they use to achieve those goals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four librarians. The collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis, applying a theoretical model created by Aant Elzinga and Sven Andersson. Their theory originally lays out three possible approaches to ethics in humanities research: traditionalist, pragmatist, and emancipationist. This thesis interprets these three approaches in the context of connecting users with literature. Four goals of display work are discovered, the first two of which are the most prominent. The first goal is to connect users with quality literature and learning, which is achieved by selecting classics for display, by deciding which literature is deemed to be of high quality, and by support from the law. The second goal is to invite users to read through appealing aesthetics, which is achieved by displaying visually appealing books, by creating displays that are appealing as a whole, and by utilizing the creative drive of the library staff. The third goal is to raise awareness of important social questions, which is achieved by creating themed displays. The fourth goal is to acknowledge the library’s users, which is achieved by displaying books recommended by users.