Detta examensarbete syftar till att sammanställa kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med endometrios och med fokus på hur sjukdomen påverkar deras vardag samt mötet med hälso- och sjukvården. Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturöversikt där elva vetenskapliga artiklar söktes fram, kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades med stöd av Fribergs modell. De inkluderade artiklarna omfattade både kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier, vilket gav ett brett underlag för analys. Variation i metodval bidrog till att synliggöra olika perspektiv på kvinnors upplevelser av endometrios. Under analysarbetet lästes artiklarna flera gånger, skrevs ut och färgkodades för att identifiera likheter och skillnader, vilket underlättade tematiseringen. Resultatet sammanställdes i tre huvudteman med tillhörande subteman: hälso- och sjukvårdens inverkan, sociala och psykiska konsekvenser samt fysiska konsekvenser av endometrios. Resultatet visar att kvinnor ofta upplever bristfälligt bemötande, ifrågasättanden och en utdragen väg till diagnos, vilket skapar frustration och en känsla av att inte bli tagen på allvar. Endometrios påverkar även kvinnors sociala liv, relationer, psykiska välbefinnande och möjlighet att delta i arbete och studier. Den långvariga smärtan begränsar vardagen och bidrar till både fysisk och emotionell belastning. I resultatdiskussionen relateras resultaten till Katie Erikssons teori, där kvinnornas upplevelser kan förstås genom sjukdomslidande, livslidande och vårdlidande. Sammanfattningsvis belyser studien att endometrios orsakar mångdimensionellt lidande och att kvinnors behov av förståelse, stöd och professionell kompetens är centralt för att minska detta lidande. Resultaten betonar vikten av att stärka sjuksköterskors kunskap om endometrios för att förbättra omvårdnaden och möjliggöra en jämlik och personcentrerad vård för kvinnor som lider av endometrios.

I dagens samhälle är könsnormer och könsfördelningar tydliga, särskilt inom sjuksköterskeyrket. Att arbeta som sjuksköterska innebär att genomgå en utbildning som leder till legitimation och under utbildningen utvecklas sjuksköterskans kärnkompetenser. Inom vården möter sjuksköterskor patienter kontinuerligt och målet i mötet med patienten är att skapa ett vårdande möte som möjliggör god och säker vård. Sjuksköterskeyrket har historiskt sett varit kvinnodominerat. Yrkesrollen kräver både medicinsk kunskap och förmåga att skapa trygghet, respekt och professionell kommunikation. Eftersom patienten ofta är i en utsatt position blir ett vårdande möte präglat av förtroende och professionalitet centralt. Vård av patienter av motsatt kön kan upplevas som särskilt utmanande, något som kan påverka tillit, vårdkvalitet och sjuksköterskans egen arbetsupplevelse. Genom att uppmärksamma och förstå dessa upplevelser kan sjuksköterskor stärka relationen i mötet och skapa ökad trygghet. Syftet var att göra en litteraturöversikt med induktiv kvalitativ ansats för att undersöka sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda patienter av motsatt kön. Resultatet presenteras genom tre teman: brist på yrkesidentitet och professionell acceptans, könsrelaterad utsatthet samt könsrelaterade utmaningar i det vårdande mötet, med två underteman vardera. Den valda analysmetoden ansågs vara väl lämpad för att bearbeta och tolka det insamlade resultatet. Tidigare forskning stödjer i stor utsträckning de resultat som framkommit i litteraturöversikten. 

I Sverige drabbas både män och kvinnor av olika slags cancer varje år. Sjukdomen kännetecknas av okontrollerad celldelning, vilket leder till att cancern sprider sig om behandling inte ges. Palliativ vård kännetecknas av fyra olika hörnstenar; symtomlindring, samverka i team, kommunikation och relation. I palliativa fasen ingår tre faser, tidig fas, sen fas och livets slutskede. Sjuksköterskan arbetar utifrån modellen de 6 S:n som består av självbild, symtomlindring, självbestämmande, sociala relationer, sammanhang och strategier. Sjuksköterskans främsta uppgift med att vårda patienter med cancer i livets slutskede är att lindra lidande och främja välbefinnande. Syftet med litteraturstudien är att belysa sjuksköterskans upplevelser av att vårda patienter med cancer i ett palliativt slutskede inom slutenvården. Metoden som används för att besvara syftet är en kvalitativ litteraturöversikt. Nio kvalitativa artiklar från CINAHL och Medline valdes noggrant ut, analyserades och utformade ett resultat. Dataanalysen resulterade i tre teman: Sjuksköterskors känslor vid palliativ vård inom slutenvården, sjuksköterskors strategier och bemötande av familjemedlemmar och sjuksköterskors upplevelser av vårdteam och kommunikation med totalt sju subteman. Slutsatsen är att sjuksköterskor inom palliativ cancervård ska ha möjlighet till att få utbildning inom palliativ vård samt copingstrategier för att hantera känslor.

Background: Sepsis is a complex condition that is difficult to identify at an early stage. In addition, sepsis requires immediate care, where early treatment saves lives. This requires that nurses have knowledge of the symptoms that may indicate sepsis and the competence to identify them in patient care. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate nurses' experiences of caring for patients with sepsis at an early stage in a hospital setting. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review where existing research on the subject was analyzed. Three qualitative and six quantitative articles were included to gain a broader understanding of the topic. Results: The results yielded two main categories: the need for increased knowledge and competence regarding sepsis, and factors affecting the identification and care of sepsis, as well as four subcategories: challenges in identifying sepsis, education level and experience, sepsis care increases workload and creates time pressure, and communication. Conclusion: The discussion highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the literature review's method and how this has affected the work. The main and subcategories of the results are discussed and reinforced with additional research.

Sjuksköterskor behöver kunna identifiera och bemöta kvinnor som utsatts för våld. Våld mot kvinnor är ett problem världen över som orsakar allvarliga konsekvenser, lidande och som oftast sker succesivt under relationen. Examensarbetets syfte var att utforska sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta våldsutsatta kvinnor i nära relationer. Litteraturöversikten omfattar därav nio artiklar varav åtta med kvalitativ och en med kvantitativ design. Resultatet visar hur brist på utbildning och tydliga riktlinjer skapar emotionella känslor hos intervjupersonerna. Svårigheter med att identifiera våldet kan förlänga kvinnors lidande och skapa osäkerhet hos båda parterna. Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av stress och rädslor kan leda till att våldet förblir osynligt. Slutsatsen framhäver att utbildning, ledningsstöd och riktlinjer är centralt för att sjuksköterskor skall möjliggöra identifiering av våldet. Genom att skapa rätt förutsättningar för sjuksköterskor krävs förändringar inom dessa områden för att tillgodose och skapa professionella samt personcentrerade möten med de våldsutsatta kvinnorna

Våld mot kvinnor är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem som drabbar ungefär 30 % av kvinnor världen över. Att utsättas för våld ger konsekvenser som fysiskt, psykiskt, ekonomiskt och socialt, vilket skapar ett lidande för kvinnan. På grund av våldet som kvinnor utsätts för är det av vikt att sjuksköterskor besitter kunskap om att möta dessa kvinnor. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att belysa sjuksköterskor upplevelser av att möta kvinnor utsatta för våld. Studien bygger på en integrerad sammanställning av kvalitativ forskning. Tio studier med kvalitativ ansats valdes för att analyseras. Vilket resulterade i tre huvudteman med åtta subteman som presenteras i resultatet. Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskor upplever bristande kunskap, maktlöshet och osäkerhet i dessa möten. Detta förstärks av en bristande organisation, otydliga riktlinjer och tidsbrist. För att främja hälsa och skapa en förtroendefull relation bör sjuksköterskor vara lyhörda, visa empati och respektera kvinnan i det vårdande mötet. Det framkommer att sjuksköterskor har ett behov av kunskap och utbildning för att känna sig stärkta i mötet. Det behövs även möjlighet till reflektion för att hantera de emotionella reaktioner som kan uppstå, samt minskad vårdtyngd för att ha tid att möta kvinnor i det vårdande samtalet. Genom att sjuksköterskor får dessa möjligheter bidrar det till en hållbar utveckling. Där god vård kan ges, ökad trygghet i mötena, minskade återbesök samt en hållbar arbetsmiljö för sjuksköterskor.

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive and progressive cancer with high mortality. Risk factors such as heredity, obesity and type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing the disease, but even with preventive measures there is no guarantee of avoiding it. Due to non-specific and in some cases incoherent symptoms, the disease is often not detected before it has reached an advanced stage, which reduces curative treatment options. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the patients' experience of living with pancreatic cancer. To study this area, a literature review with a qualitative method has been used. With the aim of finding articles with a health science basis, searches were made in two databases containing health science journals. Eight articles were identified that were of interest for the purpose. When analyzing the articles, two categories were created, with five associated subcategories. The results of the articles show that patients experienced both shortcomings and strengths in communication exchange and in the support that was offered. The patients also stated that the diagnosis not only led to physical, but also psychological problems. In summary, patients with pancreatic cancer often need a lot of support and nurses have an important role and a significant responsibility when it comes to identifying and supporting the patient's care needs.

Demenssjukdom är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till funktionsnedsättning hos äldre och leder till progredierande försämring av kognitiva förmågor. Psykologiska och beteendemässiga symtom är vanliga och sammantaget leder sjukdomsbilden till minskad kapacitet att klara sig själv. Anhöriga är oumbärliga i omvårdnaden då de ofta agerar informella vårdare under tiden familjemedlemmen fortfarande bor kvar i ordinärt boende. Att vårda en familjemedlem med demenssjukdom leder ofta till negativa konsekvenser för de anhörigas livskvalitet och hälsa. Till följd av att symtomen gradvis tilltar är det vanligt att hemsituationen så småningom blir ohållbar och särskilt boende då nödvändigt. Syftet med denna studie var att söka och sammanställa forskningsresultat som beskriver anhörigas upplevelse då en familjemedlem med demenssjukdom övergår till vård på särskilt boende. Detta genomfördes som en sammanställning av kvalitativa, empiriska studier och datainsamlingen genomfördes i databaserna CINAHL och Medline. Tio artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades vilket resulterade i två huvudteman; Ett oundvikligt beslut samt En förändrad tillvaro. Övergripande upplever anhöriga att såväl beslutsprocessen som den nya tillvaro som flytten innebär är en emotionell utmaning som i stor utsträckning påverkar deras liv. För att kunna underlätta för anhöriga under denna tid och lindra lidande behöver sjuksköterskan beakta upplevelsen av transitionsprocessen och utgå från de anhörigas individuella upplevelse. Detta kan genomföras med hjälp av anhörigstöd, kontinuerlig information och kommunikation samt att fortlöpande arbeta för hög vårdkvalitet. 

Nurses working in an emergency department care for patients in encounters that can be both demanding and unpredictable. Nurses triage, assess, and provide care with a specific competence in nursing care. Patients are admitted with critical conditions that pose a threat to life and health, and nurses are therefore required to provide care under these pressured circumstances. The aim of this literature review was to highlight nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with critical conditions. The chosen method was a literature review through an integrated synthesis of qualitative research. The literature was retrieved from the databases CINAHL and MEDLINE. The results present two themes with five subthemes based on ten articles. The two themes were joy and professionalism and attitudes in the emergency department. The findings showed that nurses experienced strong satisfaction both in their professional role and on a personal level when they succeeded in saving a patient. It also emerged that nurses felt their inner emotions should not be shown outwardly, as there was a risk that their stress and anxiety could affect the patient or the care provided.Nurses also believed that nursing care was secondary to their other work tasks, and that there was a lack of routines regarding how nursing care should be carried out for patients with critical conditions. Neglecting nurses’ own emotions may complicate the caring encounter, and insufficient nursing care may contribute to patient suffering

Moving beyond the conventional understanding of solar energy as a power source, this presentation will discuss the constituents of solar energies and their capacity to act as an agential material, i.e. one that interacts, mediates, and facilitates change in smart textile designs. The concept of agential materiality suggests that phenomena such as solar energies are not passive forces but are active participants in the co-constitution of natural and designed environments. Solar energies comprise sunlight and its constituents: visible light (through which we experience illumination and colour), ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, and infrared wavelengths. These each contain inherent variabilities in their qualities, expressions, intensities and temporal patterns that can directly influence textile material properties and the interactive and responsive aspects of smart textile design. This perspective draws from a ‘more-than-human design’ theoretical framework, which argues for the recognition of non-human actors in the design process. Through this lens, solar energies inform the properties, behaviours, and expressions of textile design materials and challenge conventional hierarchies between the animate and the inanimate.

In the Beyond e-Textiles project material research is combined with design explorations looking at the possibilities of solar radiation as a source to initiate change in textiles. Solar radiation of visible light and, to humans’ eyes, non-visible ultraviolet (UV) radiation, can trigger visual and structural changes in textiles. One question is how we can perceive solar radiation through textile objects, leading to the question if another perception can make us more aware of the not man-made parts of the world. 

The paradigm of smart textiles has shifted beyond electronics and computational technology. The awareness for preserving the natural environment through the gentle imprint of raw materials, reduced energy consumption, and applied principles of design ethics asks for the search for alternative relations between humans and the designed materiality. Subsequently, “designerly” care for the natural environment opens new research trajectories for material design and innovation questioning established hierarchies between humans and more-than-human subjects and objects. In this context, research methodologies have become more comprehensive; they are open to cross- and trans-disciplinary methodologies and move objective knowledge to situated research.

Inspired by nature's capacity for change, the project proposes an alternative approach to designing smart materials with shape-changing properties powered by green energy. Natural phenomena, e.g., light, are explored to trigger changes in textiles rather than using electrical circuits and energy, which are often used in smart textile design. The project relates material science to textile design through an experimental research methodology to generate responsive materiality, bridging developments in material science, textile craftsmanship, artistic research, and design.

Bio-based products are leading the way toward a more sustainable future. They areplaying a key role in combating climate change and global warming, which are primarilydriven by using fossil fuels. This study demonstrates the potential of Finola hempresidues as feedstock for acoustic insulation components to replace synthetic fibers.The use of these residue fibers improves the resource efficiency of the crop andcontributes to a circular economy. To enhance the fiber properties, Finola hemp residueswere combined with cottonized hemp, crossbred sheep wool and polylactic acid (PLA).Nonwovens were produced using needle punching and thermal bonding techniques.Extensive experiments revealed the correlation of fiber and fabric properties with theacoustic insulation properties of the nonwoven structures. The needle punched samplesconsisting of Finola hemp and cottonized hemp fibers showed the highest air flowresistances. Thus, a maximum sound absorption coefficient of 0.99 at 9150 Hz wasreached. The study highlights that the high sound absorption coefficients were achieveddue to the high density of the sample caused by a high proportion of short and finefibers and strong compression through the needle punching process. Moreover, a highnumber of layers was correlated with good sound absorption properties.

The textile industry is considered one of the most polluting industries worldwide. One major reason for its large environmental impact is the reliance on non-renewable, fossil-based materials, which account for 70%. Therefore, an urgent shift toward renewable and biodegradable natural materials is essential. One promising advanced natural material with potential to sustain the textile industry is microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). MFC is defined as a cellulose fibril with a length of 0.5–10 µm and a width of 10–100 nm. It was first produced in 1983 by Turbak et al. from wood pulp. Today, MFC can be manufactured mechanically or chemically from any cellulose source.

The unique properties of MFC include a large surface area and numerous hydroxyl groups, which enhance their interaction with other materials in composites. MFC demonstrates excellent mechanical strength and stiffness, making it suitable for reinforcing and improving the mechanical properties of composite materials. In addition to its functionality and sustainability, MFC is also cost-effective since its source is cellulose, which is abundant in nature.

The textile industry can benefit from the advantages of the MFC by enhancing the mechanical properties of cellulosic materials, especially recycled cellulose materials. There is still a significant gap between the quality of recycled and virgin materials. Therefore, in this research, we aim to increase the strength of recycled cellulose textiles by reinforcing them with MFC. This study will examine the morphology and structure of the MFC, as well as methods to improve the mechanical properties of cellulose textiles, analyzing the results of tensile tests and the evenness of the coated yarns. 

This report presents a dry and chemical free approach to waste textile decolorization using supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO₂) technology. Dispersed dyed polyester (PET) fabrics was decolorized in a laboratory-scale ScCO₂ system with pristine PET serving as a dye absorbent guided by the principle of ScCO₂ dyeing. The influence of key process parameters such as time, temperature, pressure, and dyed-to-absorber fabric loading on extraction efficiency was analyzed through the equilibrium constant for dye partitioning. Results revealed that PET fabrics treated at 10:90 dyed-to-absorber loading under 120 °C, 25 MPa for 60 min exhibited the highest decolorization efficiency of (79 – 85) % for all dyes, reflected by the lowest color strength (K/S) values of 0.93 – 2.46. The equilibrium constant (Keq) increased with temperature, pressure, and absorber loading, reflecting improved dye partitioning efficiency. In an attempt to predict the thermodynamic behavior waste textile decolorization using ScCO₂, Peng-Robinson Equation of State (PR-EOS) was used to model the behavior and correlated with experimental values. Results showed modest qualitative agreement with experimental data with an AARD of 27–32 %. In general, the experimental finding of the report demonstrates the promising potential of ScCO₂-mediated decolorization of waste textile fabric, offering a dry, energy-efficient strategy supporting textile recycling.

One essential element of design science research (DSR) is kernel theory, which plays a critical role in the development of design knowledge. Kernel theory is employed in the theoretical grounding process to justify and guide the development of emergent design knowledge. Another common way to justify design knowledge is empirical grounding. However, these two grounding processes are not mutually exclusive. We argue that there exists a dynamic interplay between the application of kernel theories as a deductive inference strategy and the analysis of empirical data resulting in insights from practice as an inductive inference strategy. Based on an analysis of a DSR project involving nine companies, we have examined this interplay to propose guidelines. These guidelines aim to assist in navigating the complexities of theory and practice, ultimately supporting the development of robust and innovative artefacts. We state that our findings contribute to knowledge about how kernel theories can interplay with practice.

Imagine it is a rainy winter day, and you arewalking up to a little mustard yellow house onwheels and step up three wooden steps to enter.Some people are sitting around the table. You takea step inside to join and have some tea. Whilestepping in you hear the splash of a puddle and feelyour socks soak up water before you even get yourfoot back on the doorstep. What just happened?We built the Holding Surplus House to explorerelations to resources and today's challengesthrough a series of seasonal experimentations.These interventions enable physical experiences asa starting point to become aware and engage indiscussion about the underlying themes ofhouseholding with resources in a holistic way. Inthis exploratory article we look back at a full cycleof experiments and do so by reflecting on theseasons they were situated in. As a result, wesuggest designers to work with relationshipsbetween temporality, place and seasonal forcesinto constantly emerging designs. Furthermore, weintroduce the seasonal designing framework as apractical and conceptual response to contemporarygrand and complex eco-social challenges and lifelong learning.

Electronic textiles offer promising applications in wearable technology. However, integrating electronic compounds into fabrics remains a challenge due to sustainability and material compatibility concerns. This research investigates sustainable methods for printing electronic compounds onto textiles using various digital printing technologies. The present study focuses on inkjet printing of a water-based PEDOT:PSS formulation to achieve reliable electrical performance while preserving the mechanical and tactile properties of the fabric.

Inkjet printing was selected for its precision of material deposition on the surface of the substrate, reduced water consumption compared to traditional dyeing methods and scalability to industrial production. A conductive ink formulation was developed and optimized to meet the rheological requirements of commercial inkjet printheads. The formulation combines polyethylene glycol as a conductivity enhancer and viscosity modifier, deionized water as a dispersion medium, and isopropanol to reduce surface tension and improve drying behaviour.

To evaluate the influence of material deposition on electrical behaviour, the ink was printed on polyester-based textile substrates using multiple pass counts. An inverse correlation was observed between the number of printed layers and electrical resistance, demonstrating that increased material deposition enhances conductivity. The printed textiles retained their stretchability, breathability, and lightweight nature.

These results highlight the importance of formulation design and controlled deposition strategies in achieving functional, printable conductive layers on textile substrates. The ability to fine-tune conductivity through controlled deposition—without compromising textile integrity—represent an advancement in wearable electronics. This work contributes to the growing field of printable electronics and offer a sustainable solution for industry, with potential applications in sportswear and interactive garments.

This paper proposes a textile-integrated dry sEMG electrode system with a layered MXene-based structure. The design includes a tannic acid pretreatment on the fabric substrate, creating bio-friendly interfacial bridges that reinforce adhesion between the fabric and MXene layers. Morphological and chemical analyses (e.g., FTIR) confirm the efficacy of tannic acid in enhancing active sites, thereby promoting uniform MXene deposition. Mechanical tests, including a tensile peeling assessment, demonstrate stable adhesion across the electrode, while skin-contact impedance measurements confirm reliable signal transmission similar to commercial gel electrodes at the sEMG frequency range. Further, multiple MXene layer electrodes show stronger sEMG signals compared with single MXene layer one, underscoring the advantage of additional conductive layers in maintaining consistent electrical performance.

As wearable electronics advances, integrating Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology into textiles offers promising applications in smart clothing, healthcare monitoring, and athletic performance tracking. However, traditional RFID antennas are often rigid, costly, and incompatible with fabric, which compromises comfort, washability, and scalability, limiting their suitability for wearable systems. To address this challenge, this study investigates a low-cost, flexible method for producing textile-based RFID antennas using screen printing. A square antenna was fabricated directly onto a polyester textile using screen printing with silver conductive paste. Screen printing was selected for its scalability, rapid production, and compatibility. Compared to knitted and embroidered antennas, this method offers better geometric control and is easier to implement on textiles. The printed antenna conformed to standard RFID design dimensions and was produced in a single print stroke. Following fabrication, the antenna was connected to an Arduino microcontroller and paired with a passive RFID tag for performance testing. The system successfully detected the RFID tag, confirming the antenna’s functionality. Electrical measurements confirmed a sufficiently low resistance, indicating reliable conductivity for RFID communication. While further optimization is needed, these preliminary results demonstrate that screen printing is a viable technique for integrating RFID antennas into textiles. This approach offers a scalable, low-cost pathway to smart garments that are lightweight, comfortable, and suitable for real-world use, particularly in sports performance tracking and health monitoring. Future work will focus on enhancing antenna durability and evaluating long-term performance under, for example, repeated bending, washing, and wear. Acknowledgements The COMET project DiMo-NEXT is funded by the Federal Ministry for Innovation, Mobility and Infrastructure (BMIMI), the Federal Ministry for Economy, Energy and Tourism (BMWET), and the provinces of Salzburg, Upper Austria, and Tyrol within the framework of COMET – Competence Centres for Excellent Technologies. COMET is processed by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG).  

Traditional medicine relies on periodic clinical visits and often involves the use of uncomfortable monitoring devices, which can limit continuous patient comfort. This approach is particularly restrictive during pregnancy, when ongoing observation can be crucial for both mother and fetus. To overcome these limitations, smart textiles and sensorised garments integrate biosensors directly into fabrics, enabling real-time physiological monitoring in daily life and advancing personalised maternal healthcare.

Experience from both past and current applications shows that smart textiles for pregnancy monitoring face several challenges. Among the most common are unstable signal quality, motion artefacts, difficulties with sensor placement, skin irritation, variations in body shape, and the loss of proper fit as the body changes throughout pregnancy.

This project focuses on developing sensor-enabled garments designed for personalised and tailored antenatal monitoring. The main goal is to define clear design principles and performance requirements for wearable devices that can provide continuous, reliable signal acquisition while preserving comfort, mobility, and secure skin contact.

Therefore, to address these challenges, the study combines smart textile technologies with anthropometric design. The vision is a comfortable, multimodal pregnancy monitoring system made from bio-based, stretch-knitted fabrics, incorporating modular sensor placement that adjusts to body shape changes during pregnancy. Through this approach, the project seeks to bridge engineering innovation with patient-centred healthcare.

This research is still in its conceptual and planning phase. Future work will include anthropometric studies of body-shape changes during pregnancy, laboratory experiments, textile pressure mapping, prototype development, and continuous signal-quality tests, providing evidence for the selected bio-based stretch-knitted fabrics and strengthening its relevance for both academic research and future industry applications