Operational procurement processes play a central role in the operations of real estate companies and are often complex. Factors such as insufficient system support, decentralization, inadequate follow-up, and increasing demands for sustainability, digitalization, and risk management complicate these processes and present significant challenges. By exploring operational procurement in medium-sized real estate companies, this research aims to identify and provide insight into the potential challenges these companies face and offer recommendations on how to address them to remain competitive in the market.

To answer the research questions, a literature review was conducted followed by a comparative case study of two medium-sized Swedish real estate companies, referred to as Real Estate Company A and Real Estate Company B. The case study included semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and on-site observations to gather in-depth insights into the companies’ operational procurement processes. The information obtained was then analyzed to draw relevant conclusions.

The results indicate that the lack of digitized procurement processes, clear structures for follow-up and sustainability work, as well as policies for risk management, are major challenges within the operational procurement efforts of real estate companies. Both Real Estate Company A and Real Estate Company B acknowledge the need to digitize their procurement processes and enhance their efforts in follow-up, sustainability, and risk management to remain competitive in the market.

The study also shows that medium-sized real estate companies aiming to address operational challenges in the procurement process should implement a hybrid model that coordinates central and local procurement needs, introduce digital systems that integrate all parts of the procurement process, utilize sustainability key performance indicators (KPIs), systematically monitor sustainability requirements in procurement, and conduct regular supplier follow-ups and risk management to succeed in operational procurement.

This study is targeted at medium-sized real estate companies seeking to address challenges and improve their operational procurement processes. It is also relevant for real estate companies in general that are interested in developing their operational procurement practices, presenting a framework based on theories and practical insights for how real estate companies can manage operational procurement within their operations.

The discussion also highlights the importance of management support and a culture that fosters change to implement successful improvements in the operational procurement process. It emphasizes the need to engage employees at all levels in the process and ensure that results are continuously monitored to achieve long-term effects.

Background 

It is important to examine how motorized traffic variables affect pedestrians along a gradient from rural to inner urban settings.

Methods

Relations between pedestrians´ perceptions of four traffic variables and appraisals of route environments as hindering – stimulating for walking as well as unsafe – safe for reasons of traffic, were therefore studied in the inner urban area of Stockholm, Sweden (n = 294). The pedestrians rated their perceptions and appraisals with the Active Commuting Route Environment Scale (ACRES). Correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analyses were used to study the relationships between the traffic variables and the outcome variables. 

Results 

Noise related negatively to both hindering – stimulating for walking, and to unsafety – safety for traffic reasons. Vehicle speed related negatively to unsafety – safety for traffic reasons. Furthermore, vehicle speed protruded as an important origin of the deterring effects of traffic among those who commute by foot. 

Conclusion

The study shows the value of both partial and simultaneous analyses of the effect of all four traffic variables in relation to outcome variables relevant for walking. 

Bakgrund

Regelbunden fysisk aktivitet har positiva hälsoeffekter, och många vill vara fysiskt aktiva, men upplever inte sällan olika hinder för det, till exempel tidsbrist. Att gå eller cykla till arbetet är därför en intressant möjlighet i detta sammanhang, då fysiskt aktiv arbetspendling ofta är tidseffektivt. Dessutom krävs sällan någon specialutrustning, startsträckan är kort och avstånden kan anpassas så att man går, cyklar hela eller delar av sträckan mellan hem och arbetsplats. Om färdvägsmiljön dessutom upplevs som stimulerande och trygg kan den sannolikt bidra till att upprätthålla ett beteende, och på så vis medverka till att många individer får en angelägen ”dos” fysisk aktivitet.  

Studier av hur olika trafikvariabler samspelar, och hur dessa i sin tur påverkar vår uppfattning om en färdvägsmiljö ger inga entydiga svar. Syftet med denna studie var därför att studera de interna sambanden mellan fyra olika variabler relaterade till motortrafik: hastighet, flöde, buller och avgaser samt hur dessa, i olika kombinationer, inverkar på uppfattningen om en miljö är hindrande eller stimulerande respektive trygg eller otrygg för arbetspendling till fots.

Metod

294 arbetspendlande fotgängare (49.5 ± 10.4 år, 77 % kvinnor) rekryterades via annonser, och deras upplevelser av sina färdvägsmiljöer i Stockholms innerstad har nyttjats i våra analyser. Upplevelserna skattades med färdvägsmiljöskalan ”The Active Commuting Route Environment Scale” (ACRES). Den innehåller utfallsvariablerna hindrande-stimulerande färdvägsmiljö och otrygghet-trygghet i trafiken, samt ett antal miljöprediktorer, varav vi har nyttjat de fyra som är relaterade till motortrafik: flöde av motorfordon, hastighet, buller och avgaser.  Såväl trafikvariabler som utfallsvariabler skattades med 15-gradiga skalor. För att analysera sambanden mellan trafikvariablerna och utfallsvariablerna användes multipla regressionsanalyser. 

Resultat

Alla trafikvariabler var i sig själva negativt relaterade de båda utfallsvariablerna hindrande-stimulerande färdvägsmiljö och otrygghet-trygghet i trafiken. När istället de fyra trafikvariablerna analyserades samtidigt i förhållande till om miljön upplevdes som hindrande eller stimulerande samt otrygg eller trygg var det enbart buller som var negativt relaterad till de båda utfallsvariablerna. Hastighet hade en negativ roll i förhållande till trygghetsvariabeln. Analyserna visade dessutom att både flöde av motorfordon och hastighet förutspådde buller.

Slutsatser

Samtidigt som varje trafikvariabel är negativt relaterad till hur färdvägsmiljöer upplevs av fotgängare, framträder motorfordons buller och hastigheter som de variabler som är mest bekymmersamma för fotgängare. Studier som denna kan utgöra ett underlag för arbetet med att skapa attraktiva miljöer för fotgängare, och därmed bidra till bättre folkhälsa, förändrade pendlingsmönster i urbana miljöer samt ökad ekologisk hållbarhet.

OBJECTIVES: To assess evidence on the impact of acute and chronic high intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on work-related performance tests of cognitive function in adults.

METHODS: The databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles up to August 2022. Eligible studies assessed the effects of HIIT (70-100% VO_2max ) and/or SIT (≥100% VO_2max ) on cognitive function test scores in cognitively healthy adults, relative to a control or comparative exercise group/condition. Data on participant characteristics, exercise protocol, key outcomes and intervention setting were extracted. Study quality was assessed using a 9 (single session HIIT/SIT) and 14 (multiple session HIIT/SIT) item checklist.

RESULTS: 36 studies (15 countries; n=11 to 945 participants) met inclusion criteria. Mean quality scores were 'fair-to-good' for acute (single session; mean=6.9 [SD 1.0]), and chronic (multiple session; mean=9.8 [SD 1.6]) training studies. Eighteen from 36 studies (12/20 [55%] acute and 6/16 [38%] chronic training studies) evidenced significant improvements in aspects of cognitive function related to work performance (i.e., attention, inhibition, memory, information processing speed, cognitive flexibility, intelligence, reaction time and learning). Only four studies tested the impact of HIIT/SIT on cognitive function in a work-based setting (e.g., the office or home).

CONCLUSIONS: While there is promising evidence, particularly from acute training studies, to indicate that high intensity, short duration exercise benefits cognitive function in adults, there is very limited evidence of application in workplace contexts. To better understand the potential benefits to employee performance and safety, HIIT/SIT and cognitive function research needs to transition from laboratory to 'in-situ' occupational settings.

Background

Every walk takes place in a route environment, and it can play an important role in deterring or facilitating walking, and will always affect the environmental unwell – wellbeing of pedestrians. The aim of this study is to illuminate which the important route environmental variables are in this respect. The focus is therefore on pedestrians´ perceptions of route environmental variables and how they relate to overall appraisals of route environments as hindering – stimulating for walking and unsafe – safe for reasons of traffic. 

Methods

Commuting pedestrians in the inner urban area of Stockholm, Sweden (n = 294, 49.5 ± 10.4 years, 77% women), were recruited via advertisements. They evaluated their own commuting route environments using a self-report tool, the Active Commuting Route Environment Scale (ACRES). Correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analyses were used to study the relationships between the variables and the outcome variables.

Results

Aesthetics and greenery appear to strongly stimulate walking, whereas noise, a proxy for motorized traffic, hinders it. Furthermore, aesthetics is positively related to traffic safety, whereas conflicts have the opposite role. Conflicts is an intermediate outcome, representing several basic environmental variables, whereof some were directly and negatively related to unsafe – safe traffic.

Conclusion 

Route environmental variables appear to be potent factors in deterring or facilitating walking. This knowledge is of importance for policymakers and urban planners when designing route environments with the aim of attracting new pedestrians, and simultaneously stimulating those who already walk to keep on.

This configurative review explores how nurturing and enacting a community-oriented praxis (COP) in teacher education can enhance teacher candidates’ preparedness for teaching roles whilst addressing some broader educational and societal concerns. Here, CoP is defined as practices that consider, connect with, and draw on local community strengths, needs, and aspirations for the good of individuals, communities, and society more broadly. We review 31 cases in 37 articles on explicitly community-oriented teacher education (COTE) initiatives from nine country contexts where teacher educators, school-based mentors, and members of local communities collaboratively facilitate the learning experiences of participants in teacher education (i.e., teacher candidates). An analysis of the motivations, processes, and outcomes of the initiatives in the COTE cases highlights benefits such as developing teacher candidates’ pedagogical content knowledge and research competence; fostering social justice consciousness and critical action; and facilitating the sustainable recruitment and retention of teachers especially in marginalised contexts. Implications and possible directions for teacher education are discussed.

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has transformed information access, making digital libraries essential knowledge repositories. This thesis explores the application of Sentiment Analysis and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in analysing ratings and reviews within digital libraries. By leveraging AI, digital libraries can address challenges in managing vast information volumes and understanding user preferences, thereby enhancing recommendation systems.

This study aims to develop predictive models employing user sentiments in reviews and ratings to improve recommendation systems. We investigated the correlation between review sentiments and numerical ratings, evaluated regression and classification models, and examined the impact of feature engineering on prediction accuracy. Utilising Orange Data Mining software, we analysed two datasets from Kaggle, focusing on Amazon Books and Kindle ratings and reviews. Besides VADER and SentiArt were used for sentiment analysis.

Results showed VADER outperformed SentiArt in capturing sentiment nuances, with a higher correlation to numerical ratings. Document Embedding (SBERT)demonstrated a moderate correlation with ratings, explaining 32.3% of the variance, whereas Bag of Words (TF-IDF) explained 10.5%. Linear Regression consistently outperformed other models, explaining up to 25% of rating variance. Neural Networks also showed promise in classification tasks, accurately categorising 'Low' and 'High' ratings.

In conclusion, this research demonstrates the potential of AI to enhance digital libraries and improve recommendation systems. The findings highlight the benefits of integrating advanced data analytics into digital libraries to boost user satisfaction and service quality. However, it also recognises challenges such as data privacy and suggests the importance of environmental sustainability in AI applications as future research.

Purpose

The aim of the research reported here was to determine how Lithuanian citizens engaged in information-seeking behaviour in response to the stress caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Design/methodology/approach

An interview survey was designed, using a semi-structured interview schedule. A convenience sample of 21 participants was obtained and the interviews lasted between 20 and 70 min. The schedule design was guided by the transactional theory of stress and coping and employed the Perceived Stress Scale.

Findings

A majority of participants experienced moderate to high levels of stress associated with the war in Ukraine. Information seeking and discussing information found with family members and friends played a significant role in helping to moderate stress. Most of the participants understood more than one language and, consequently, were able to compare local information sources with international sources. Only five participants were active users of social media, the rest were critical of these sources. All participants valued those sources they believed to be reliable and truthful.

Research limitations/implications

The small convenience sample of educated urban participants limits generalizability but provides indicative findings for future investigations into information behaviour during prolonged international conflicts.

Practical implications

The study highlights the importance of media literacy in managing psychological stress during geopolitical tensions, demonstrating how strategic information seeking and social support can serve as effective coping mechanisms.

Social implications

The research reveals psychological impacts of war beyond direct conflict zones, illustrating how communities develop collective emotional resilience through informed, critically engaged information practices.

Originality/value

The study provides unique insights by examining war-related stress in a neighbouring country not directly experiencing conflict, applying stress-coping theory to understand intricate information-seeking behaviours during a geopolitical crisis.

The increased widespread use of AI tools has put to surface the potential to generate usable and credible websites. This study explores the usability and credibility of websites generated with AI compared with human-created ones. Three websites were created, one human-created and two AI-generated, using different AI tools. A user testing study was conducted with nine participants to explore the usability and credibility of the websites. The test was conducted with semi-structured interview while the participants performed tasks on the websites, followed by SUS questionnaires. The results indicate that AI-generated websites were comparable to the human-created website. However, the AI-generated websites had less credibility due to lack of detailed information and a personal touch. The study suggests a careful approach to use AI-tools for website creation and to be aware in the process to achieve good usability and credibility. 

This thesis explores the reading practices of nine first-generation immigrants to Sweden. By using semi-structured interviews and the framework of constructivist grounded theory, it analyses how its participants understand, encounter and enact reading practices. A nonlinear coding process is used to understand the activities, meaning and intention of participants’ reading practices. It draws on the critical reading studies of Lundh, Hedemark and Lindsköld to learn about its participants’ reading practices empirically, taking sides with them and centring their perspectives. Rosenblatt’s reader-response theory informs an understanding of the value participants assign to their reading practices, and whether these are inherent to the practice itself, or serve another, instrumental goal. Findings reveal surprising cohesiveness of personal reading practices, with work and study practices more strongly influenced by circumstances, and a tendency to read in English regardless of origin or native language. This thesis adds to the empirical research on the reading practices of immigrants, and to practices around reading and literacy in Sweden.

All-cellulose composites (ACCs) have been fabricated by using a variety of cellulosic sources, versatile technologies, and are sustainable alternatives for traditional composites. In this study, nonwoven-woven ACC laminates were created from wood-based Spinnova short fibers and Lyocell fabrics via partial dissolution and an NaOH-urea solvent system. The less-known wood-based Spinnova fiber is created for the textile industry, but it also has great potential for the composite industry. To identify the mechanical properties of ACCs—which greatly influence the range of material application—tensile, impact, and flexural tests were conducted. The mechanical properties indicated only moderate properties, which are influenced by high porosity and weak fiber bonding. Despite this, valuable information on the nonwoven-woven structured ACCs was obtained. To improve the ACC laminate’s ability to resist moisture, bio-based coatings (e.g., commercially available birch bark betulin and suberin acid mixture) were applied on the surface of ACCs and it successfully improved the wetting resistance. The results of contact angle analyses demonstrated that the highest contact angle of 128° was measured for betulin-coated laminates and the best stable hydrophobicity calculated a minute after the beginning of the experiment were observed at 109° for the uncommercial pressurized hot ethanol (PHE) extract of birch bark.

In this article we generalize the Bohr–Sommerfeld rule for scalar symbols at a potential well to matrix-valued symbols having eigenvalues that may coalesce precisely at the bottom of the well. As an application, we study the existence of approximately flat bands in moiré heterostructures such as strained two-dimensional honeycomb lattices in a model recently introduced by Timmel and Mele. 

We consider a class of generalized harmonic functions in the open unit disc in the complex plane. Our main results concern a canonical series expansion for such functions. Of particular interest is a certain individual generalized harmonic function which suitably normalized plays the role of an associated Poisson kernel. 

Phosphorus (P) is essential for life and vital for agricultural fertilizers, with growing demand driving interest in recovering P from secondary resources like municipal sewage sludge (MSS). MSS contains nutrients such as P, potassium, calcium, sulfur, and magnesium, making it a potential agricultural resource. However, contaminants, such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, and pathogens, along with variability in MSS composition limit their direct use. Pyrolysis offers a sustainable solution, converting MSS into nutrient-rich biochar, while stabilizing organic matter and reducing contaminants. Factors such as temperature, feedstock composition, and reactor design play crucial roles in optimizing phosphorus recovery and heavy metal removal. This thesis investigates the optimization of the pyrolysis process for phosphorus recovery and heavy metal removal from MSS through biochar production. In Papers I and II, three types of MSS – digested and undigested samples – were pyrolyzed at 500-900 °C using a fixed bed. Chemical composition analysis of the biochars was combined with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations (TECs) to model phosphorus speciation. The results showed that over 90% of phosphorus was retained in the biochar, with temperature having a minimal effect on phosphorus release. Furthermore, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in the biochar were reduced to meet Swedish agricultural standards. Paper III explored the behavior of trace elements during pyrolysis in a rotary pyrolyzer and identified temperature-dependent patterns in their speciation. The optimal pyrolysis temperature for pollutant removal and carbon preservation was found to be between 600-700 °C. Paper IV expanded these findings by engineering biochar to enhance nutrient recovery and minimize environmental risks. Co-pyrolysis of MSS with wheat straw and bakery waste improved the nutrient profile of biochar while immobalizing heavy metal concentrations compared with MSS biochar alone. This engineering approach facilitated the formation of plant-available phosphorus compounds such as KPM_gO₄ and enhanced the suitability of biochar for agricultural applications.

Background: It is unclear whether an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is generally beneficial in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Objective: We studied the association between ICD implantation prior to discharge and survival in patients with cardiac aetiology or initial shockable rhythm in OHCA.

Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Treatment associations were estimated using propensity scores. We used gradient boosting, Bayesian additive regression trees, neural networks, extreme gradient boosting and logistic regression to generate multiple propensity scores. We selected the model yielding maximum covariate balance to obtain weights, which were used in a Cox regression to calculate HRs for death or recurrent cardiac arrest.

Participants: All cases discharged alive during 2010 to 2020 with a cardiac aetiology or initial shockable rhythm were included. A total of 959 individuals were discharged with an ICD, and 2046 were discharged without one.

Results: Among those experiencing events, 25% did so within 90 days in the ICD group, compared with 52% in the other group. All HRs favoured ICD implantation. The overall HR (95% CI) for ICD versus no ICD was 0.38 (0.26 to 0.56). The HR was 0.42 (0.28 to 0.63) in cases with initial shockable rhythm; 0.18 (0.06 to 0.58) in non-shockable rhythm; 0.32 (0.20 to 0.53) in cases with a history of coronary artery disease; 0.36 (0.22 to 0.61) in heart failure and 0.30 (0.13 to 0.69) in those with diabetes. Similar associations were noted in all subgroups.

Conclusion: Among survivors of OHCA, those discharged with an ICD had approximately 60% lower risk of death or recurrent cardiac arrest. A randomised trial is warranted to study this further.

Background: In neurologic prognostication of comatose survivors from cardiac arrest, two independent predictors of poor outcome are the loss of the Pupillary light reflex (PLR) and the loss of the N20 response from Somatosensory Evoked potentials (SSEP). The PLR can be quantitatively assessed by pupillometry. Both tests depend on the midbrain, in which a dysfunction reflects a severe hypoxic injury. We reasoned that a certain level of defective PLR would be predictive of a bilaterally absent SSEP N20 response.

Method: Neurological Pupil index (NPi) from the pupillometry and the SSEP N20 response were registered >48 h after cardiac arrest in comatose survivors. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the capacity of NPi to predict bilaterally absent SSEP N20 response. An NPi threshold value resulting in <5% false positive rate (FPR) for bilaterally absent N20 response was identified.

Results: From February 2020 to August 2022, we included 54 patients out of which 49 had conclusive pupillometry and SSEP examinations. The NPi threshold value with FPR < 5% was 3.4, yielding 36% sensitivity (95% CI 18-55) and significantly discriminated between respective groups with preserved and bilaterally absent N20 response to SSEP (p-value <0.01).

Conclusion: In this limited cohort, NPi < 3.4 in patients remaining comatose >48 hours after cardiac arrest predicted bilateral loss of the SSEP N20 response with a FPR < 5%. If validated in a larger cohort, an NPi threshold may be clinically applied in settings where SSEP is unavailable.

 Aims

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major health concern worldwide. Although one-third of all patients achieve a return of spontaneous circulation and may undergo a difficult period in the intensive care unit, only 1 in 10 survive. This study aims to improve our previously developed machine learning model for early prognostication of survival in OHCA.

Methods and results

We studied all cases registered in the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry during 2010 and 2020 (n = 55 615). We compared the predictive performance of extreme gradient boosting (XGB), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), logistic regression, CatBoost, random forest, and TabNet. For each framework, we developed models that optimized (i) a weighted F1 score to penalize models that yielded more false negatives and (ii) a precision–recall area under the curve (PR AUC). LightGBM assigned higher importance values to a larger set of variables, while XGB made predictions using fewer predictors. The area under the curve receiver operating characteristic (AUC ROC) scores for LightGBM were 0.958 (optimized for weighted F1) and 0.961 (optimized for a PR AUC), while for XGB, the scores were 0.958 and 0.960, respectively. The calibration plots showed a subtle underestimation of survival for LightGBM, contrasting with a mild overestimation for XGB models. In the crucial range of 0–10% likelihood of survival, the XGB model, optimized with the PR AUC, emerged as a clinically safe model.

Conclusion

We improved our previous prediction model by creating a parsimonious model with an AUC ROC at 0.96, with excellent calibration and no apparent risk of underestimating survival in the critical probability range (0–10%). The model is available at www.gocares.se.

Background: Guidelines for the management of cardiac arrest play a crucial role in guiding clinical decisions and care. We examined the strength and quality of evidence underlying these recommendations in order to elucidate strengths and gaps in knowledge.

Methods: Using the 2020 American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines for Adult CPR, we subdivided all recommendations into advanced life support (ALS), basic life support (BLS), and recovery after cardiac arrest, as well as a more granular categorization by topic (i.e. the intervention or evaluation recommended). The Class of Recommendation (COR) and Level of Evidence (LOE) for each were reviewed. Additionally, we reviewed the 2023 guidelines to ensure the inclusion of the most recent updates.

Results: We noted 254 recommendations, of which 181 were ALS, 69 were BLS, and 4 were recovery after resuscitation. In total, only 2 (1%) had the most robust evidence (LOE A), while 23% were at LOE B-NR (Non-Randomized), 15% at LOE B-R (Randomized), 50% at LOE C-LD (Limited Data), and 12% relied on expert opinion LOE C-EO (Expert Opinion). Despite the strength of ALS recommendations (Class 1, 2a, or 2b), none had LOE A. In BLS, no recommendations were supported by LOE A. For BLS, 7% of recommendations had LOE C (C-LD or C-EO). The evidence for specific BLS topics, such as airway management, was notably low. Among ALS topics, neurological prognostication had relatively stronger evidence.

Conclusions: Only 26 out of the 81 COR 1 recommendations (32%) were supported by LOE A or B, indicating a strong discrepancy between the strength of recommendation and the underlying evidence in cardiac arrest guidelines. The findings underscore a pressing need for more rigorous research, particularly randomized trials.

Global fibre and clothing production has doubled since the early 2000s, largely driven by the rise of fast fashion. Fibre production imposes significant environmental costs, including the water-intensive cultivation of cotton and the reliance on non-renewable resources for synthetic fibres. Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) indicate that mechanical textile recycling (MTR) can help reduce these impacts. Although MTR has been practiced for centuries, it has recently gained renewed attention due to rising sustainability concerns. Despite this, technical understanding of the process remains limited within the academic community. Furthermore, from January 2025, all EU countries must implement separate textile waste collection, underscoring the need for scalable recycling solutions. MTR offers a promising pathway to repurpose textile waste into raw material for future textile production.

A key limitation of MTR is the fibre shortening caused by the harsh recycling process. Fibre length and yield are essential quality metrics for mechanically recycled textiles, reflecting process efficiency. This thesis investigates the factors influencing MTR efficiency, with a particular focus on fibre length loss.

Key findings highlight parameters affecting fibre shortening during MTR. Minimising mechanical stress during the recycling process helps preserve fibre length. Lubricant pre-treatment was shown to decrease inter-fibre friction, mitigating fibre shortening in both cotton and polyester (PES), while also reducing the melting of thermoplastic PES. Textiles with less dense structures and longer floats experienced reduced fibre length loss. Wear simulations revealed that fibre damage accelerates shortening, whereas wear that merely opens the structure has no adverse effect. Moreover, aligning the feed along one thread system in woven textiles significantly improved material opening and reduced fibre length loss.

Two novel test methods were developed to enhance process evaluation. The first is an inter-fibre cohesion test, designed to optimise lubricant loading for pre-treatment. The second is a non-destructive air permeability method for measuring the opening degree, avoiding altering the material content often caused by carding in traditional methods.

One emphasised discourse in Swedish higher education policy is internationalisation, which is in line with EU recommendations to ensure a sustainable knowledge system. This knowledge system, perhaps especially in Sweden, also emphasises the importance of gender equity. In this study, we are interested in the recontextualisation between discourses of internationalisation and gender in Swedish higher education (HE) at both national and local levels. We use critical discourse analysis to examine two different examples: (1) discourses in national HE policy, and, (2) discourses at a Swedish university and one of its departments. Overall, we find that government discourses on HE are recontextualised in ways that support national, standardised interests rather than local university needs. Although these discourses emphasise the importance of both internationalisation and gender through articulations of mobility, sustainability and equity, there are strong individualistic aspirations in line with a meritocratic system. These patterns are even more pronounced at the local university level, where these discourses join to promote certain successful departments and academic subjects. In conclusion, the findings illustrate how the recontextualisation between internationalisation and gender discourses legitimises the prevailing gender divide — not the other way around — but also that this recontextualisation can create tensions and changes

Background: Children are a relatively marginalized group when doing research in the context of illness, young children particularly so. This even though children can and should contribute their point of view in providing evidence-based care. This article contributes the experiences of Nurse Researchers in gathering research data in Sweden on the lived experiences of children undergoing needle-related medical procedures, living with home mechanical ventilation or undergoing treatment for cancer.

Methods: Nine published articles from four unique Swedish PhD dissertations in Caring Science formed the basis for the present paper where various open and critical qualitative approaches for gathering data were used.

Results: Accessing and interpreting the lived experiences of ill children in healthcare research presents methodological, ethical, and cultural challenges. As with health care contexts in other countries, capturing the ill child’s experiences in Sweden requires several different methods. Health researchers in Sweden must navigate a complex landscape of communication barriers, emotional and psychological challenges, and structural issues within the healthcare system to effectively access and understand the lived experiences of children.

Conclusions: This paper adds to the knowledge base of research with a focus on gathering the experiences of children with illness within a Swedish health care context. These insights underscore the importance for all researchers of using child-friendly, inclusive methods to understand children’s lived experiences thus ensuring their voices are heard and respected in health research. Children’s and families’ inability to speak the native language of a country cannot be a hinder for inclusion, but rather be encouraged. 

In the fall of 2022, the political parties that later came to form the Swedish government with the support of the Sweden Democrats came together in an agreement for the mandate period 2022–2026 called Tidö Agreement: Contract for Sweden. In this article, we examine how the proposals on migration and integration presented in the agreement are consistent with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child’s starting points regarding children as holders of rights, and with the conventions four general principles. Based on WPR strategy, we ask questions about what is defined as a problem in a specific policy and on which assumptions this definition is based, as well as what is left out. In our analysis, we place special focus on the general principle of the best interests of the child, and we reason about the implications the proposals may have for children and their families in groups that are defined as problematic in the Tidö Agreement. We also offer alternative definitions and solutions.

This work innovatively merges engineered food structures with additive manufacturing technology to tailor food for different dysphagia levels using filamentous Fungus Aspergillus oryzae biomass through a co-axial 3D food printing process. In order to 3D print samples with different textures, calcium chloride (CaCl2) and calcium gluconolactate (Gluco) were tested at different concentrations alongside three alginate concentrations. The structural and morphological analysis of the printed samples was conducted before cooking, followed by texture analysis and the measurement of cutting strength on cooked samples. Dysphagia food level classification was measured following the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) guidelines. Results revealed that Gluco minimally altered texture but affected appearance, resulting in soft samples (hardness ≈ 1.3 N) with fibrous structures, while CaCl2 increased hardness (from ≈ 1 N to 4.68 N) through alginate-ion Ca2+ interaction. All samples passed the IDDSI test, confirming suitability for dysphagic individuals. This successfully engineered personalised food with tailored texture meeting nutritional requirements. 

Digital library guides, part of the sociotechnical network of digital libraries, help manage large amounts of information and potentially reduce information overload for both users and librarians. Despite the importance of these guides, issues related to information overload have been noted in the literature, affecting both society and the use of digital library guides since their inception. The aim of this thesis was to, from a sociotechnical perspective, explore how librarians at Swedish higher education institutions use and perceive digital library guides in their daily work and their thoughts on collaborations in regards to creating and managing the guides. The study also investigated whether librarians consider information overload to be a problem. The study employed a primarily inductive research approach, utilizing a mixed methods design. The data was collected through a web-based survey distributed to librarians working at Swedish universities. A total of 116 completed surveys were analyzed, forming the basis of the data analysis. Both descriptive statistics and content analysis were applied to interpret the quantitative and qualitative data collected from the survey responses. The results show that the participating librarians are well aware of the information overload problem and try their best to counteract it. It is also evident that although they wish to collaborate with especially students, the reality is that they usually do not have the possibilities to do so.

This is a comparative study of the digital and social competency requirements in job advertisements directed towards librarians in Sweden and the United States. The purpose of this study is both explorative and comparative, as the most in-demand competencies are analyzed and presented. The results are presented, analyzed, and discussed using a combination of descriptive statistics and the theoretical described by Le Deist and Winterton(2005). Furthermore, the results of this study are related to and add to the earlier research within this research domain. Similarities were found, as social competencies such as the ability to collaborate and build relationships are highly prevalent in both countries. However, some differences are also identified, as leadership is more highly requested in U.S. job advertisements, while a personal fit is uniquely identified in the Swedish collection of advertisements. Advertisements in both countries requested social and functional competencies, and more rarely cognitive competency. They were rarely isolated except in the case of personality traits. There was, however, a higher prevalence of functional tasks connected explicitly and implicitly to both digital and social competencies requested in the advertisements collected from U.S. employers. There was also a higher demand for digital competencies overall in U.S. advertisements. The most prominent digital competencies mentioned in both collections were digital instructions, and while both collections requested general IT knowledge, knowledge about library-specific elements such as digital resources and cataloging was more frequently mentioned in the U.S. advertisements.

Text for the exhibition catalogue for the design exhibition ”Sopor är Bra! 2.0" (Garbage is Good 2.0) Rian Design Museum in Falkenberg, spring 2024. The exhibition focus - to draw attention to the need for a circular transition and changed consumption behaviors.

The mechanical textile recycling process significantly reduces fibre length. Previously, we explored how lubricant pre-treatment before mechanical recycling reduced the fibre length loss. In this study, we added simulated wear to assess its influence on the fibre length output. We also evaluated the influence of sample shape and feed direction on recycling efficiency. We treated plain woven cotton textiles were subjected to either sandpaper grinding or steel needle raising. Finishing treatments with polyethylene glycol 4000 and Afilan CFA 100 were also used in combination. Samples were prepared in two shapes and fed into the recycling machine with warp threads oriented longitudinally, perpendicularly, or diagonally. Recycling efficiency was evaluated based on fibre length and the degree of fibre opening using a novel air flow permeability test. The results showed that sandpaper treatment degraded fibres, while the raising treatment improved recycling efficiency. A previously unreported finding was that the size, shape and feeding direction of woven fabrics showed significant effects on the fibre length output. Material fed with a thread system aligned longitudinally to the recycling machine direction resulted in a higher proportion of opened fibres and fewer unopened fabric pieces. It was further observed that the yarns aligned longitudinally with the feed direction exhibited significant opening, while those oriented perpendicularly remained largely unopened. The new method for measuring the degree of opened fibres proved effective and holds promise for future application. These findings provide tangible guidance on the mechanical recycling protocol and means to improve output assessment procedures.

Several qualities influence the processability of textile staple fibers: inter-fiber cohesion being one of the most important properties. Although various methods to measure this property have been explored, there is no consensus on the optimal technique, and existing methods often require specialized machinery. This article introduces and evaluates a straightforward method that utilizes only a carding machine and a tensile tester, both standard equipment in yarn laboratories. The proposed cohesion test method involves preparing carded webs, cutting them into nine rectangles, and then subjecting these samples to tensile testing. The method was initially assessed for repeatability and the normalization of results. Further experiments varied the fiber material (cotton and polyester), fiber organization, direction of fiber hooks, and finishing treatments. Force curves and their gradients were analyzed, alongside video footage, to study inter-fiber interactions during testing. The results demonstrated that the new test method could differentiate between fiber materials, fiber organizations, and quantify the effects from finishing treatments. The cohesion force (CF) of CO fibers was 30 % of that of PES fibers; carding had a greater impact on CO fibers compared to PES fibers, and treatment with lubricant reduced the CF by up to 35 %. However, the weight and dimensions of the samples must be controlled to ensure repeatability. In conclusion, the developed inter-fiber cohesion test method offers a promising and accessible approach to analyzing inter-fiber interactions in staple fibers.

Servitization is something that has become more and more prevalent in different business sectors. As services are entering areas where they have not been utilized before, organizations find strategic benefits that help them in their operations. But there are sectors who have had a harder time in this area and the construction sector is one of them. The goal of this paper is therefore to explore the impact of service innovation design on value co-creation in the construction sector. With a focus on the challenges and opportunities facing construction companies in Sweden's western region. Using a design science approach and qualitative research methodology, data was collected through semi-structured interviews with three different companies in the construction industry. The findings of the study indicate the need for an information extraction service, the development of a theoretical service, and a focus on data-driven and digital service innovation perspectives. The results from this study ended up in a theoretical service that aims to help with the process of information extraction. The theoretical service aims to provide a foundation for construction companies to enhance their operations and improve customer satisfaction. The study also proposes a process together with the service to help with the establishment of the service. But also, to help with continual improvement of it and identifying areas of improvements for the service. The paper contributes to the literature on service innovation and value co-creation in the construction sector, offering practical implications for companies seeking to innovate and improve their services.

Background: Software development companies are heavily invested in improving the methods by which their products are developed. While those methods are excellent at producing reliable and well performing software, a frequent problem in those products is the lack of proper user experience (UX) design for its end users. This is in part due to the fact that there are very few methods of evaluating the UX design of a product after its delivery. In this paper, a method is proposed for evaluating the user experience of a product after its release. The method is based on what companies as well as designers find important in the user experience of a product.

Method: The paper utilizes and combines two research methods for coming up with the model for evaluating the UX design of a product. The first is using literature review in order to explore what techniques and approaches exist today in evaluating the UX design of a product. The second is using interviews with designers in order to establish what features and characteristics do those designer find most important in the UX design of a product. By combining the results of the two methods, an evaluation model for UX design can be created which is based on existing techniques as well as important industrial characteristics.

Results: The analyzed results of the literature review were used as the basis for creating the questions that were used for interviewing professionals within the industry. Those results were then combined with the analyzed results of the interviews in order to create a model for evaluating the UX design of a product. The evaluation model is created in two parts. The first part is an evaluation checklist of items that are recommended to be observed during the various development cycles of a product in order to account for the UX design of the product. The second part is a form of a ranking system that is based on ranked criteria that represent what designer find most important in the UX design of a product. The ranking system is used for identifying whether a product meets the necessary requirements for a proper UX design of a product. Those two parts constitute an evaluation model that can be used for ensuring that the UX design of a product is both reliable and user friendly. 

Purpose The aim of this study is to contribute to extended knowledge about the role of standardization of university library operations and its consequences.

Design/methodology/approach This research employs a practice-theoretically oriented analysis method with a focus on documents. The Chilean standards for university libraries, which are in focus, are conceptualised as a site that encompasses those who drafted them and librarians who are expected to follow them. The study can be termed a document ethnography, which in this case includes the methods of interviewing and document analysis.

Findings Whereas commonalities among libraries are in focus for the drafters, librarians are foregrounding context-related particularities and local practices. This results in a collision between different purposes and interests regarding how to use standards. The librarians perceive that standards are primarily intended for management and that they provide little support for everyday work. In accordance, to librarians, the work done by people in managerial positions regarding standards often seems opaque or obscured. Furthermore, for librarians, even though standards are ubiquitous, they are not visible in the daily work.

Originality/value The document ethnography as a research approach is drawn from the field of science and technology studies and has not previously been used in library research. Standards for university libraries have not been studied in this way before, either in Chile or elsewhere. The study has contributed to making “the dark sides of standards” within the Chilean academic library landscape visible.

The fact that students' reading comprehension has deteriorated in recent years has probably not escaped anyone's notice. Reading comprehension is not only an element of the Swedish subject, but permeates all subjects. Understanding what is read is an essential part of acquiring knowledge. Due to the deteriorating results in reading comprehension, we as future primary school teachers considered that it is an important subject to study. As teachers in the earlier years, we will also lay an important foundation for students in their reading comprehension development. The purpose of our work has been to shed light on the experiences and experiences of a number of teachers regarding reading comprehension in grades F-3. The following questions have been asked to achieve the purpose of the study: "How are factors that are perceived to be most central to promoting reading comprehension by the teachers described?", "How are the teachers' statements about which teaching strategies they use in grades F-3 in the work with reading comprehension expressed?" and "How are the teachers' choices of teaching described and what do they base their choices on?". The study has started from the sociocultural perspective where reading is emphasized as a social activity. A thematic analysis has been used to analyze the qualitative data collected in the form of interviews with six working teachers. The interviews were conducted at the participants' respective workplaces. Thematizing the empirical evidence has facilitated the work of understanding and finding similarities and differences in the teachers' statements. The study has shown that the interviewed teachers mainly use explicit teaching strategies, discuss texts together with the students and act as a support for the students in how different reading strategies can be used in reading. That the teachers choose to teach in the way they describe turned out to be for several different reasons. Among other things, because they have worked for a long time and notice that the strategy they use benefits the students or that the teaching material is allowed to control the teaching. Factors felt to be central by the teachers in promoting reading comprehension were student-friendly texts, motivation, extra training, the teacher's role, different senses and decoding.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how a number of teachers experience and perceive the phenomenon of working with reading comprehension in primary school grades 1-3. To characterize the research, the following questions have been formulated; How are a number of teachers' experiences expressed of working with reading comprehension in grades 1-3 in the Swedish subject?How does teachers' express statements about the teaching strategies they use in reading comprehension? and How does teachers describe any challenges and difficulties that they believe exist in teaching reading comprehension? The previous research presents a search process that is largely based on Eriksson Barajas, Forsberg and Wengström's (2013) selection process in which six parts were compleded. All of the articles have been reviewed, compiled and compared based on the study's purpose and questions. The theoretical starting points for the study have been a phenomenological perspective where teachers' life-worlds of perceptions of teaching have been investigated through seven qualitative semi-structured interviews. The respondents in the study teach in primary school and have been working between 3-28 years. The analysis of the collected empirical data has been conducted in accordance with Christoffersen and Johannessen's (2015) four-step analysis model. The results that emerged in this study are that the teachers perceive and experience teaching in reading comprehension as both fun and difficult. The fun is about getting to work together with the students in a large group and the variety of teaching, the difficulties are instead about lack of time and feeling inadequate. Working with reading comprehension in the younger ages is a lot about laying a good foundation for the future. Several methods and strategies emerge from the teachers' statements, where En läsande klass and ABC-klubben are mentioned. Reading aloud with discussions are also experienced by teachers as a useful teaching method. Perceived difficulties and challenges mentioned are students with a different mother tongue or students with language disabilities and the ability to identify students who have difficulties with reading comprehension. It can be stated that all respondents experience a benefit in the fact that students can collaborate and work together with reading comprehension and that the teaching is varied. In addition, the results indicate that the respondents place great emphasis on adaptations and classroom climate to provide good conditions to develop reading comprehension.

Bakgrund: Obesitas är ett stort folkhälsoproblem där personer som lever med denna diagnos ofta drabbas utav obesitas-relaterade sjukdomar samt möts av fördomar i samhället. Bariatrisk kirurgi är en av behandlingsmetoderna för viktnedgång. Att genomgå denna typ av behandling innebär dock stora förändringar i patientens levnadsvanor där hälsan och livskvalité står på spel. Sjuksköterskan har ett ansvar i att informera och stödja patienten genom hela processen. Syfte: Belysa patienters upplevelser av livet efter att ha genomgått bariatrisk kirurgi. Metod: En litteraturöversikt över nio kvalitativa artiklar. CINAHL och PubMed är databaserna som har använts. Resultat: Det identifierades två huvudteman med tre respektive två underteman. Resultatet visade på att människan som genomgått bariatrisk kirurgi upplever stora förändringar och utmaningar för både kropp, själ och ande. Gemensamt för många var att det fanns ett stort behov av stöd från sjukvårdspersonal samt närstående däremot visade det sig en ny typ av stigmatisering efter bariatrisk kirurgi. Slutsatser: Sjuksköterskan är i behov av utbildning och förståelse i hur patienten upplever livet efter bariatrisk kirurgi för att kunna vårda och bemöta denna patientgrupp. Med en adekvat utbildning ges sjuksköterskan förutsättningar att utbilda och vägleda patienten mot ett liv med god hälsa och livskvalité.

Hjärtstopp kan förekomma överallt och närsomhelst. Sjuksköterskan kan möta anhöriga till hjärtstoppöverlevare oavsett vilken arbetsplats sjuksköterskan jobbar på. Att vara anhörig som bevittnar ett hjärtstopp kan vara svårt. Livsvärlden förändras och ett lidande kan uppstå. Det är därför av vikt att kunna möta anhöriga som bevittnat hjärtstopp och främja delaktighet. Syftet var att belysa anhörigas upplevelse av att bevittnat hjärtstopp där personen överlevde. Metoden som använts var litteraturöversikt av kvalitativ forskning. En litteratursökning gjordes i två databaser Cinahl och Medline där tio artiklar valdes ut. Dessa artiklar kvalitetsgranskades med hjälp av granskningsmallen CASP. En dataanalys utfördes på artiklarna och tre teman med subteman skapades. Resultatet som synliggjordes delades in i tre teman: Anhörigas emotionella upplevelse, Delaktighet och mötet med vården och Förändring av vardagen. Sammanfattningsvis kopplas resultatet till annan forskning som har likheter såsom känslan av oro. Det uttrycktes en vilja från anhöriga att närvara och hjälpa till. När vården misslyckades med att göra anhöriga delaktiga upplevdes ett vårdlidande. Resultatet kan bidra till en insikt i hur anhöriga upplever bevittnat hjärtstopp. 

Syfte Denna studie syftar till att undersöka motivationsfrämjande arbetssätt i matematikämnet ur elevperspektiv i relation till deras upplevelser av autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet. För att konkretisera studien har vi valt att använda följande frågeställningar: Vilka arbetssätt upplever/beskriver eleverna som mest främjande och motiverande? Vilka faktorer ökar elevernas motivation i matematikämnet? 

Metod I studien har använts en kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer, som innefattar elva elever som går i årskurs tre. För att utforma intervjufrågorna har vi baserat på undersökningens problemställning. Samtliga intervjuer genomfördes på plats där eleverna intervjuades i fyra grupper. Studien utgår utifrån ett elevperspektiv där deras upplevelser kring matematikundervisning står i fokus.  

Resultat Studiens resultat visar att elevernas motivation i matematik påverkas av olika faktorer såsom inre och yttre faktorer. Några inre faktorer som exempelvis elevernas självkänsla och intressen gentemot matematikämnet påverkar deras motivation. Intressen och positiva känslor bidrar till ökad motivation vilket påverkar positivt elevernas utveckling. Några andra betydelsefulla aktorer som påverkar elevernas inlärning är de yttre faktorerna såsom varierade arbetssätt, relationer till lärare och kompisar samt deras stöd, arbetsmiljön och nivåanpassade uppgifter.  

In school, we as future teachers will meet students with a talent in mathematics where the teaching should be adapted to each student's different conditions and needs. The study is based on a qualitative method with a phenomenological theory as a starting point, where the purpose is to shed light on a number of teachers' perceptions and experiences of mathematics teaching for gifted students in grades 1-6. Through a phenomenological starting point in the work, the study focuses on teachers' experiences, perceptions and interpretations of the phenomenon of gifted students' mathematics education. The study also focuses on investigating which teaching strategies are considered beneficial and what possible difficulties exist for both teachers and students in connection with the adaptation of mathematics teaching. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with five experienced and qualified primary school teachers. The results show that teachers tend not to prioritize the gifted students because there are students in the classroom who do not yet meet the learning objectives. The teaching strategy used by all teachers in this study is to assign more challenging material to these students. Previous research highlights this teaching strategy and suggests that this is not an approach that deepens students' knowledge. Based on the teachers' statements in this study, it becomes clear that this approach is influenced by various factors such as lack of time and insufficient resources.

This study explores the perspectives of high school teachers who teach dance and analyzes the pedagogical materials they use in their instruction. The aim is to investigate both the pedagogical perspectives adopted by dance teachers and how they integrate texts and images into their teaching. By focusing on these aspects of teaching, the study seeks to shed light on how dance teachers support students’ learning and development. The method includes six semi-structured interviews with qualified dance teachers, followed by the collection and analysis of their pedagogical materials. Through a sociocultural theoretical framework and a critical literacy analysis, it was revealed that both historical and contemporary perspectives play a significant role in the teaching process. Furthermore, bodily intersections, including body, gender, and ethnicity, were identified as important aspects of the dance teachers' perspectives. The analysis also showed a limited use of text and images in pedagogical instruction, with a stronger tendency toward appropriation through embodied practice. Despite this limitation, the dance teachers recognize the benefits of text and visual materials for students’ learning. Integrating such materials stimulates students' creativity and their exploration of movement and choreography for performative contexts. Moreover, texts and images contribute to a deeper understanding of the body's complexity and function among the students. The study also highlights that dance teachers actively reflect on the challenges surrounding the history and traditions of dance. By addressing these topics in their teaching, they contribute to a more conscious and critical understanding among students. Finally, this study opens up avenues for future research and development in dance education, with particular emphasis on the importance of perspectives and discourses. The study also underscores the significance of meaningfully integrating text and visual materials to enhance students’ learning and development in high school dance education. Additionally, it highlights the importance of a learning environment that supports these educational processes.

Diabetes type 2 is a growing public health problem nationally and internationally. Factors such as education, employment and income have been shown to have an impact on individuals health. Risk factors and lifestyle choices such as diet, physical activity, tobacco habits and use of alcohol are important for both the development of diabetes type 2 and its complications. When a patient suffers from diabetes type 2, does the treatment not only include a pharmacological treatment, but also requires the patient to be committed and motivated to change their lifestyle in order to achieve good health. The aim with this literature review was to highlight the patient’s experiences about lifestyle changes with diabetes type 2. The chosen method was an integrative compilation of qualitative studies inspired by metasynthesis. The literature review included 13 articles, of which 11 were qualitative and two were with mixed methods. The results are presented with tree main themes, motivation to change, a limiting illness and a sea of emotions which generated six subthemes. With the result in mind, patient’s lack of motivation, information and support, wellbeing and the socioeconomic aspects were discussed. 

Läsförmågan hos svenska elever blir allt sämre och allt fler unga är omotiverade till läsning. Samtidigt ökar kraven på unga som behöver utveckla en kritisk läsning för att kunna navigera i ett stort informationsflöde. Ett antagande i föreliggande studie är att den kritiska läsningen kan utvecklas genom en undervisning utifrån ett kritiskt litteracitetsperspektiv. Studiens syfte är att bidra till kunskap om hur elever kan öka sitt deltagande i kritiska litteracitetspraktiker och hur dessa praktiker kan bedömas i nationella prov, men också att undersöka ifall eleverna ger uttryck för att en sådan undervisning kan påverka deras inställning till läsning. Tidigare forskning visar att kritisk litteracitet inte betonas i undervisningen i svenskämnet. Gällande hur kritisk litteracitet kan bedömas i nationella prov finns studier med olika tolkningar vilket också beror på att kritisk litteracitet definieras på olika vis. Det saknas vidare studier som genom en intervention undersöker hur en undervisning med fokus på kritisk litteracitet kan utformas inom ramen för kursen svenska 1, och som dessutom undersöker om elevers inställning till läsning kan påverkas av en sådan undervisning. Studiens huvudsakliga metod är en intervention bestående av en undervisning med fokus på kritisk litteracitet inom ramen för kursen svenska 1 på gymnasiet. I studien definierar jag inledningsvis min syn på kritisk litteracitet. Som för- och eftertest användes läsförståelsedelen till två frisläppta nationella prov. För att identifiera vilka frågor som testade kritisk litteracitet användes en analys som jag själv utformade utifrån min tolkning av teorin. Elevernas svar analyserades utifrån samma tolkning av teorin före och efter interventionen. På så sätt kunde en slutsats dras utifrån frågan om de genom interventionen hade utvecklat sin förmåga att delta i kritiska litteracitetspraktiker. Före och efter interventionen gjordes också en enkät där eleverna besvarade frågor om sin inställning till läsning. Svaren analyserades med hjälp av en tematisk innehållsanalys. Enligt resultatet i denna studie innehåller läsförståelsedelen till de nationella proven i svenska 1 en liten del frågor som kan bedömas motsvara kritisk litteracitet och en stor del frågor som kan bedömas visa en utveckling av deltagande i kritiska litteracitetspraktiker. Resultatet visar också att eleverna efter deltagandet i interventionen i större utsträckning kunde delta i kritiska litteracitetspraktiker. Genom enkäten framgår slutligen att eleverna efter interventionen hade en mer positiv inställning till att läsa olika slags texter.

This study examines Swedish students' ability to identify videos manipulated by deepfake technology and their self-perception of this ability. The study is motivated by the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and deepfake technology, which pose new and serious threats to information security. It emphasizes the need for increased awareness of deepfakes to better address the threats posed by this technology. The study also explores the abilities of IT-educated students and non-IT-educated students and compares the groups to determine if there are differences in their ability to detect deepfakes. We conducted a quantitative survey where Swedish students were asked to distinguish between authentic and deepfake-manipulated videos. They were also asked to provide confidence level in their answers to measure the correlation between confidence and actual results. The results show that Swedish students can identify deepfakes in about two out of three cases. IT-educated students performed slightly better than non-IT-educated students, but non-IT-educated students were generally more confident in their answers.

A change in the traditional subscription-based system of scholarly publishing towards open access has been discussed since around year 2000. Open access to research results means that the publications should be available on the internet, free of charge, for anyone who wants to read. The area of scholarly publishing is changing rapidly and in recent years we have seen, for example, the cancellation of the Elsevier agreement, Plan S entering into effect and new read-and-publish-agreements being signed.  

The aim of this study was to investigate researchers’ attitudes to open access-publishing, and their way of relating to the ongoing transition of the scholarly publishing system into open access. Semi-structured interviews were performed with six researchers in medicine-related research areas at a Swedish university in 2019, to get their perspective on open access publishing.  

All respondents agreed with the democratic idea behind open access. However, when it came to dealing with the change of the system, the respondents’ strategies ranged from adaptation to continuing as usual. Some of the respondents saw the Article Processing Charges and the lack of merits related to open access publishing as problematic.

Since 2019 some things have changed in open access publishing, for example a lot more read-and-publish agreements have been signed. This work examines the respondents’ attitudes towards open access and the process of transition, using both a contemporary and an up-to-date perspective.