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  • 1. Abtahi, F.
    et al.
    Gyllesten, I. C.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Software Tool for Analysis of Breathing Related Errors in Transthoracic Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Measurements2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 2. Abtahi, F
    et al.
    Seoane, F
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Lindecrantz, K
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy in time-variant systems: Is undersampling always a problem?2014In: Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance, E-ISSN 1891-5469, Vol. 5, no 1, p. 28-33Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    During the last decades, Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (EBIS) has been applied mainly by using the frequency-sweep technique, across a range of many different applications. Traditionally, the tissue under study is considered to be time-invariant and dynamic changes of tissue activity are ignored by treating the changes as a noise source. A new trend in EBIS is simultaneous electrical stimulation with several frequencies, through the application of a multi-sine, rectangular or other waveform. This method can provide measurements fast enough to sample dynamic changes of different tissues, such as cardiac muscle. This high sampling rate comes at a price of reduction in SNR and the increase in complexity of devices. Although the frequency-sweep technique is often inadequate for monitoring the dynamic changes in a variant system, it can be used successfully in applications focused on the time-invariant or slowly-variant part of a system. However, in order to successfully use frequency-sweep EBIS for monitoring time-variant systems, it is paramount to consider the effects of aliasing and especially the folding of higher frequencies, on the desired frequency e.g. DC level. This paper discusses sub-Nyquist sampling of thoracic EBIS measurements and its application in the case of monitoring pulmonary oedema. It is concluded that by considering aliasing, and with proper implementation of smoothing filters, as well as by using random sampling, frequency-sweep EBIS can be used for assessing time-invariant or slowly-variant properties of time-variant biological systems, even in the presence of aliasing. In general, undersampling is not always a problem, but does always require proper consideration.

  • 3.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    et al.
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Anund, Anna
    Fors, Carina
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. Karolinska Institutet.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. Karolinska Institutet.
    Association of Drivers’ sleepiness with heart rate variability. A Pilot Study with Drivers on Real Road2017Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 4. Abtahi, Farhad
    et al.
    Aslamy, Benjamin
    Boujabir, I
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Health Science.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    An Affordable ECG and Respiration Monitoring System Based on Raspberry PI and ADAS1000: First Step towards Homecare Applications2014In: 16th Nordic-Baltic Conference on Biomedical Engineering / [ed] Mindedal H., Persson M., Springer International Publishing , 2014, p. 5-8Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Homecare is a potential solution for problems associated with an aging population. This may involve several physiological measurements, and hence a flexible but affordable measurement device is needed. In this work, we have designed an ADAS1000-based four-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiration monitoring system. It has been implemented using Raspberry PI as a platform for homecare applications. ADuM chips based on iCoupler technology have been used to achieve electrical isolation as required by IEC 60601 and IEC 60950 for patient safety. The result proved the potential of Raspberry PI for the design of a compact, affordable, and medically safe measurement device. Further work involves developing a more flexible software for collecting measurements from different devices (measuring, e.g., blood pressure, weight, impedance spectroscopy, blood glucose) through Bluetooth or user input and integrating them into a cloud-based homecare system.

  • 5.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    et al.
    University of Borås, School of Health Science.
    Berndtsson, A
    University of Borås, School of Health Science.
    Abtahi, Shirin
    University of Borås, School of Health Science.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Health Science.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    KTH.
    Development and preliminary evaluation of an Android based heart rate variability biofeedback system2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The reduced Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is believed to be associated with several diseases such as congestive heart failure, diabetes and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). In these cases, HRV biofeedback may be a potential intervention method to increase HRV which in turn is beneficial to these patients. In this work, a real-time Android biofeedback application based on a Bluetooth enabled ECG and thoracic electrical bioimpedance (respiration) measurement device has been developed. The system performance and usability have been evaluated in a brief study with eight healthy volunteers. The result demonstrates real-time performance of system and positive effects of biofeedback training session by increased HRV and reduced heart rate. Further development of the application and training protocol is ongoing to investigate duration of training session to find an optimum length and interval of biofeedback sessions to use in potential interventions.

  • 6.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    et al.
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Ji, Guangchao
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Lu, Ke
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Rödby, Kristian
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Björlin, Anders
    Kiwok AB.
    Östlund, Anders
    Kiwok AB.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Textile-Electronic Integration in Wearable Measurement Garments for Pervasive Healthcare Monitoring2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    et al.
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Ji, Guangchao
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Lu, Ke
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Rödby, Kristian
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    A knitted garment using intarsia technique for Heart Rate Variability biofeedback: Evaluation of initial prototype2015In: Proceedings of the 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2015, p. 3121-3124Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 8.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    et al.
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lu, Ke
    School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Diaz-Olivares, Jose A
    School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Forsman, Mikael
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Hälsovägen 7, 141 57 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Solna, Sweden .
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    University of Borås, Science Park Borås. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden .
    Wearable Sensors Enabling Personalized Occupational Healthcare2018In: Intelligent Environments 2018 / [ed] Ioannis Chatzigiannakis, Yoshito Tobe, Paulo Novais, Oliver Amft, Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2018, p. 371-376Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents needs and potentials for wearable sensors inoccupational healthcare. In addition, it presents ongoing European and Swedishprojects for developing personalized, and pervasive wearable systems for assessingrisks of developing musculoskeletal disorders and cardiovascular diseases at work.Occupational healthcare should benefit in preventing diseases and disorders byproviding the right feedback at the right time to the right person. Collected datafrom workers can provide evidence supporting the ergonomic and industrial tasksof redesigning the working environment to reduce the risks.

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  • 9.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    et al.
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Lu, Ke
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Dizon, M
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Johansson, M
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Evaluating Atrial Fibrillation Detection Algorithm based on Heart Rate Variability analysis2015In: Medicinteknikdagarna, Uppsala: Svensk förening för medicinsk teknik och fysik , 2015Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 10.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    et al.
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Lu, Ke
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Dizon, M
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Johansson, M
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Evaluation of Atrial Fibrillation Detection by using Heart Rate Variability analysis2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    et al.
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Lu, Ke
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Guangchao, Li
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Rödby, Kristian
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    A Knitted Garment using Intarsia Technique for Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: Evaluation of Initial Prototype.2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 12. Abtahi, Farhad
    et al.
    Snäll, Jonathan
    Aslamy, Benjamin
    Abtahi, Shirin
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Biosignal PI, an Affordable Open-Source ECG and Respiration Measurement System2015In: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 15, no 1, p. 93-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bioimedical pilot projects e.g., telemedicine, homecare, animal and human trials usually involve several physiological measurements. Technical development of these projects is time consuming and in particular costly. A versatile but affordable biosignal measurement platform can help to reduce time and risk while keeping the focus on the important goal and making an efficient use of resources. In this work, an affordable and open source platform for development of physiological signals is proposed. As a first step an 8–12 leads electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiration monitoring system is developed. Chips based on iCoupler technology have been used to achieve electrical isolation as required by IEC 60601 for patient safety. The result shows the potential of this platform as a base for prototyping compact, affordable, and medically safe measurement systems. Further work involves both hardware and software development to develop modules. These modules may require development of front-ends for other biosignals or just collect data wirelessly from different devices e.g., blood pressure, weight, bioimpedance spectrum, blood glucose, e.g., through Bluetooth. All design and development documents, files and source codes will be available for non-commercial use through project website, BiosignalPI.org.

  • 13. Atefi, S. R.
    et al.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Electrical Bioimpedance Cerebral Monitoring.: Preliminary Results from Measurements on Stroke Patients2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (EBIS) is currently used in different tissue characterization applications. In this work we aim to use EBIS to study changes in electrical properties of the cerebral tissues after an incident of hemorrhage/ischemic stroke. To do so a case-control study was conducted using six controls and three stroke cases. The preliminary results of this study show that by using Cole-based analysis on EBIS measurements and analyzing the Cole parameters R0 and R∞, it is possible to detect changes on electrical properties of cerebral tissue after stroke.

  • 14. Atefi, Seyed Reza
    et al.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Health Science.
    The Emergence of Electrical Bioimpedance Monitoring for Prompt Detection of Stroke Damage2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Atefi, Seyed Reza
    et al.
    Harvard Univsersity.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Kamalian, Shervin
    Rosenthal, Eric
    Lev, Michael
    Massachussets University Hospital.
    Bonmassar, Giorgio
    Harvard University.
    Intracranial haemorrhage alters scalp potential distributions in bioimpedance cerebral monitoring applications: preliminary results from FEM simulation on a realistic head model and human subjects2016In: Medical Physics, ISSN 0094-2405, Vol. 43, no 2, p. 675-686Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose:

    Current diagnostic neuroimaging for detection of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is limited to fixed scanners requiring patient transport and extensive infrastructure support. ICH diagnosis would therefore benefit from a portable diagnostic technology, such as electrical bioimpedance (EBI). Through simulations and patient observation, the authors assessed the influence of unilateral ICH hematomas on quasisymmetric scalp potential distributions in order to establish the feasibility of EBI technology as a potential tool for early diagnosis.

    Methods:

    Finite element method(FEM) simulations and experimental left–right hemispheric scalp potential differences of healthy and damaged brains were compared with respect to the asymmetry caused by ICH lesions on quasisymmetric scalp potential distributions. In numerical simulations, this asymmetry was measured at 25 kHz and visualized on the scalp as the normalized potential difference between the healthy and ICH damaged models. Proof-of-concept simulations were extended in a pilot study of experimental scalp potential measurements recorded between 0 and 50 kHz with the authors’ custom-made bioimpedance spectrometer. Mean left–right scalp potential differences recorded from the frontal, central, and parietal brain regions of ten healthy control and six patients suffering from acute/subacute ICH were compared. The observed differences were measured at the 5% level of significance using the two-sample Welch t-test.

    Results:

    The 3D-anatomically accurate FEM simulations showed that the normalized scalp potential difference between the damaged and healthy brainmodels is zero everywhere on the head surface, except in the vicinity of the lesion, where it can vary up to 5%. The authors’ preliminary experimental results also confirmed that the left–right scalp potential difference in patients with ICH (e.g., 64 mV) is significantly larger than in healthy subjects (e.g., 20.8 mV; P < 0.05).

    Conclusions:

    Realistic, proof-of-concept simulations confirmed that ICH affects quasisymmetric scalp potential distributions. Pilot clinical observations with the authors’ custom-made bioimpedance spectrometer also showed higher left–right potential differences in the presence of ICH, similar to those of their simulations, that may help to distinguish healthy subjects from ICH patients. Although these pilot clinical observations are in agreement with the computer simulations, the small sample size of this study lacks statistical power to exclude the influence of other possible confounders such as age, sex, and electrode positioning. The agreement with previously published simulation-based and clinical results, however, suggests that EBI technology may be potentially useful for ICH detection.

  • 16.
    Atefi, Seyed Reza
    et al.
    Harvard University.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Thorlin, Thorleif
    salhgrenska Hospital.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Stroke Damage Detection Using Classification Trees on Electrical Bioimpedance Cerebral Spectroscopy Measurements2013In: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 13, no 8, p. 10074-10086Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 17.
    Ayllon, David
    et al.
    Universidad de Alcalá.
    Gil-Pita, Roberto
    Universidad de Alcalá.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Detection and Classification of Measurement Errors in Bioimpedance Spectroscopy2016In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 11, no 6, article id e0156522Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) measurement errors may be caused by parasitic stray capacitance, impedance mismatch, cross-talking or their very likely combination. An accurate detection and identification is of extreme importance for further analysis because in some cases and for some applications, certain measurement artifacts can be corrected, minimized or even avoided. In this paper we present a robust method to detect the presence of measurement artifacts and identify what kind of measurement error is present in BIS measurements. The method is based on supervised machine learning and uses a novel set of generalist features for measurement characterization in different immittance planes. Experimental validation has been carried out using a database of complex spectra BIS measurements obtained from different BIS applications and containing six different types of errors, as well as error-free measurements. The method obtained a low classification error (0.33%) and has shown good generalization. Since both the features and the classification schema are relatively simple, the implementation of this pre-processing task in the current hardware of bioimpedance spectrometers is possible.

  • 18. Ayllón, David
    et al.
    Seoane Martínez, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Gil-Pita, Roberto
    Cole Equation and Parameter Estimation from Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Measurements: A Comparative Study2009Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Since there are several applications of Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) that use the Cole parameters as base of the analysis, to fit EBI measured data onto the Cole equation is a very common practice within Multifrequency-EBI and spectroscopy. The aim of this paper is to compare different fitting methods for EBI data in order to evaluate their suitability to fit the Cole equation and estimate the Cole parameters. Three of the studied fittings are based on the use of Non-Linear Least Squares on the Cole model, one using the real part only, a second using the imaginary part and the third using the complex impedance. Furthermore, a novel fitting method done on the Impedance plane, without using any frequency information has been implemented and included in the comparison. Results show that the four methods perform relatively well but the best fitting in terms of Standard Error of Estimate is the fitting obtained from the resistance only. The results support the possibility of measuring only the resistive part of the bioimpedance to accurately fit Cole equation and estimate the Cole parameters, with entailed advantages.

  • 19.
    Benouar, Sara
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Hafid, Abdelakram
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Kedir-Talha, M
    Univ Sci & Technol Houari Boumediene, Lab Instrumentat, Algiers, Algeria.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare.
    Classification of impedance cardiography dZ/dt complex subtypes using pattern recognition artificial neural networks2021In: Biomedizinische Technik (Berlin. Zeitschrift), ISSN 1862-278X, E-ISSN 0013-5585, Vol. 66, no 5, p. 515-527Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In impedance cardiography (ICG), the detection of dZ/dt signal (ICG) characteristic points, especially the X point, is a crucial step for the calculation of hemodynamic parameters such as stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO). Unfortunately, for beat-to-beat calculations, the accuracy of the detection is affected by the variability of the ICG complex subtypes. Thus, in this work, automated classification of ICG complexes is proposed to support the detection of ICG characteristic points and the extraction of hemodynamic parameters according to several existing subtypes. A novel pattern recognition artificial neural network (PRANN) approach was implemented, and a divide-and-conquer strategy was used to identify the five different waveforms of the ICG complex waveform with output nodes no greater than 3. The PRANN was trained, tested and validated using a dataset from four volunteers from a measurement of eight electrodes. Once the training was satisfactory, the deployed network was validated on two other datasets that were completely different from the training dataset. As an additional performance validation of the PRANN, each dataset included four volunteers for a total of eight volunteers. The results show an average accuracy of 96% in classifying ICG complex subtypes with only a decrease in the accuracy to 83 and 80% on the validation datasets. This work indicates that the PRANN is a promising method for automated classification of ICG subtypes, facilitating the investigation of the extraction of hemodynamic parameters from beat-to-beat dZ/dt complexes.

  • 20.
    Benouar, Sara
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene.
    Hafid, Abdelakram
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene.
    Kedir-Talha, M.
    University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. Karolinska University Hospital.
    First Steps Toward Automated Classification of Impedance Cardiography dZ/dt Complex Subtypes2021In: 8th European Medical and Biological Engineering Conference: Proceedings of the EMBEC 2020, November 29 – December 3, 2020 Portorož, Slovenia, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH , 2021, p. 563-573Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The detection of the characteristic points of the complex of the impedance cardiography (ICG) is a crucial step for the calculation of hemodynamical parameters such as left ventricular ejection time, stroke volume and cardiac output. Extracting the characteristic points from the dZ/dt ICG signal is usually affected by the variability of the ICG complex and assembling average is the method of choice to smooth out such variability. To avoid the use of assembling average that might filter out information relevant for the hemodynamic assessment requires extracting the characteristics points from the different subtypes of the ICG complex. Thus, as a first step to automatize the extraction parameters, the aim of this work is to detect automatically the kind of dZ/dt complex present in the ICG signal. To do so artificial neural networks have been designed with two different configurations for pattern matching (PRANN) and tested to identify the 6 different ICG complex subtypes. One of the configurations implements a 6-classes classifier and the other implemented the divide and conquer approach classifying in two stages. The data sets used in the training, validation and testing process of the PRANNs includes a matrix of 1 s windows of the ICG complexes from the 60 s long recordings of dZ/dt signal for each of the 4 healthy male volunteers. A total of 240 s. As a result, the divide and conquer approach improve the overall classification obtained with the one stage approach on +26% reaching and average classification ration of 82%.

  • 21.
    Benouar, Sara
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Instrumentation, Department of Instrumentation and Automatics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria.
    Kedir-Talha, Malika
    Laboratory of Instrumentation, Department of Instrumentation and Automatics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Textile Technology, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
    Time-series NARX feedback neural network for forecasting impedance cardiography ICG missing points: a predictive model2023In: Frontiers in Physiology, E-ISSN 1664-042X, Vol. 14, article id 1181745Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the crucial steps in assessing hemodynamic parameters using impedance cardiography (ICG) is the detection of the characteristic points in the dZ/dt ICG complex, especially the X point. The most often estimated parameters from the ICG complex are stroke volume and cardiac output, for which is required the left ventricular pre-ejection time. Unfortunately, for beat-to-beat calculations, the accuracy of detection is affected by the variability of the ICG complex subtypes. Thus, in this work, we aim to create a predictive model that can predict the missing points and decrease the previous work percentages of missing points to support the detection of ICG characteristic points and the extraction of hemodynamic parameters according to several existing subtypes. Thus, a time-series non-linear autoregressive model with exogenous inputs (NARX) feedback neural network approach was implemented to forecast the missing ICG points according to the different existing subtypes. The NARX was trained on two different datasets with an open-loop mode to ensure that the network is fed with correct feedback inputs. Once the training is satisfactory, the loop can be closed for multi-step prediction tests and simulation. The results show that we can predict the missing characteristic points in all the complexes with a success rate ranging between 75% and 88% in the evaluated datasets. Previously, without the NARX predictive model, the successful detection rate was 21%–30% for the same datasets. Thus, this work indicates a promising method and an accuracy increase in the detection of X, Y, O, and Z points for both datasets.

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  • 22. Brown, Shannon
    et al.
    Ortiz-Catalan, Max
    Chalmers University of Technology.
    Petersson, Joel
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Rödby, Kristian
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Intarsia-sensorized band and textrodes for real-time myoelectric pattern recognition2016In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2016 IEEE 38th Annual International Conference of the, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2016, p. 6074-6077Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Surface Electromyography (sEMG) has applications in prosthetics, diagnostics and neuromuscular rehabilitation. Self-adhesive Ag/AgCl are the electrodes preferentially used to capture sEMG in short-term studies, however their long-term application is limited. In this study we designed and evaluated a fully integrated smart textile band with electrical connecting tracks knitted with intarsia techniques and knitted textile electrodes. Real-time myoelectric pattern recognition for motor volition and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were used to compare its sensing performance versus the conventional Ag-AgCl electrodes. After a comprehending measurement and performance comparison of the sEMG recordings, no significant differences were found between the textile and the Ag-AgCl electrodes in SNR and prediction accuracy obtained from pattern recognition classifiers.

  • 23. Brown, Shannon
    et al.
    Ortiz-Catalan, Max
    Chalmers University of Technology.
    Petersson, Joel
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. Högskolan i Borås.
    Rödby, Kristian
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Intarsia-Sensorized Band and Textrodes for the Acquisition of Myoelectric Signals2016In: The Second International Conference on Smart Portable, Wearable, Implantable and Disability-oriented Devices and Systems, International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA) , 2016, p. 14-19, article id 2_10_80013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Surface Electromyography (sEMG) has applications in prosthetics, diagnostics and neuromuscular rehabilitation, and has been an increasing area of study. This study attempts to use a fully integrated smart textile band with electrical connecting tracks knitted with intarsia techniques to evaluate the quality of sEMG acquired by knitted textile electrodes. Myoelectric pattern recognition for motor volition and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were used to compare its sensing performance versus the conventional Ag-AgCl electrodes. Overall no significant differences were found between the textile and the Ag-AgCl electrodes in SNR and prediction accuracy obtained from pattern recognition classifiers. On average the textile electrodes produced a high prediction accuracy, >97% across all movements, which is equivalent to the accuracy obtained with conventional gel electrodes (Ag-AgCl). Furthermore the SNR for the Maximum Voluntary Contraction did not differ considerably between the textile and the Ag-AgCl electrodes.

  • 24.
    Buendia, Ruben
    et al.
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Gil-Pita, Roberto
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Cole Parameter Estimation from the Modulus of the Electrical Bioimpeadance for Assessment of Body Composition. A Full Spectroscopy Approach2011In: Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance, E-ISSN 1891-5469, Vol. 2, p. 72-78Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Activities around applications of Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (EBIS) have proliferated in the past decade significantly. Most of these activities have been focused in the analysis of the EBIS measurements, which eventually might enable novel applications. In Body Composition Assessment (BCA), the most common analysis approach currently used in EBIS is based on the Cole function, which most often requires curve fitting. One of the most implemented approaches for obtaining the Cole parameters is performed in the impedance plane through the geometrical properties that the Cole function exhibit in such domain as depressed semi-circle. To fit the measured impedance data to a semi-circle in the impedance plane, obtaining the Cole parameters in an indirect and sequential manner has several drawbacks. Applying a Non-Linear Least Square (NLLS) iterative fitting on the spectroscopy measurement, obtains the Cole parameters considering the frequency information contained in the measurement. In this work, from experimental total right side EBIS measurements, the BCA parameters have been obtained to assess the amount and distribution of whole body fluids. The values for the BCA parameters have been obtained using values for the Cole parameters estimated with both approaches: circular fitting on the impedance plane and NLLS impedance-only fitting. The comparison of the values obtained for the BCA parameters with both methods confirms that the NLLS impedance-only is an effective alternative as Cole parameter estimation method in BCA from EBIS measurements. Using the modulus of the Cole function as the model for the fitting would eliminate the need for performing phase detection in the acquisition process, simplifying the hardware specifications of the measurement instrumentation when implementing a bioimpedance spectrometer.

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  • 25.
    Buendia, Ruben
    et al.
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Gil-Pita, Roberto
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Cole parameter estimation from total right side electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements: Influence of the number of frequencies and the upper limit2011In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society,EMBC, 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE, IEEE , 2011, p. 1843-1846Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Applications based on measurements of Electrical Bioimpedance Spectrocopy (EBIS) analysis are proliferating. The most spread and known application of EBIS is the non-invasive assessment of body composition. Fitting to the Cole function to obtain the Cole parameters, R0 and R∞, is the core of the EBIS analysis to obtain the body fluid distribution. An accurate estimation of the Cole parameters is essential for the Body Composition Assessment (BCA) and the estimation process depends on several factors. One of them is the upper frequency limit used for the estimation and the other is the number of measured frequencies in the measurement frequency range. Both of them impose requirements on the measurement hardware, influencing largely in the complexity of the bioimpedance spectrometer. In this work an analysis of the error obtained when estimating the Cole parameters with several frequency ranges and different number of frequencies has been performed. The study has been done on synthetic EBIS data obtained from experimental Total Right Side (TRS) measurements. The results suggest that accurate estimations of R0 and R∞ for BCA measurements can be achieved using much narrower frequency ranges and quite fewer frequencies than electrical bioimpedance spectrometers commercially available nowadays do.

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  • 26. Buendia, Ruben
    et al.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Bosaeus, Ingvar
    Gil-Pita, Roberto
    Johannsson, G
    Ellegård, Lars
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Robustness study of the different immittance spectra and frequency ranges in bioimpedance spectroscopy analysis for assessment of total body composition2014In: Physiological Measurement, ISSN 0967-3334, E-ISSN 1361-6579, ISSN 0967-3334, Vol. 35, no 7, p. 1373-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The estimation of body fluids is a useful and common practice for assessment of disease status and therapy outcomes. Electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy (EBIS) methods are noninvasive, inexpensive and efficient alternatives for determination of body fluids. One of the main source of errors in EBIS measurements in the estimation of body fluids is capacitive coupling. In this paper an analysis of capacitive coupling in EBIS measurements was performed and the robustness of the different immittance spectra against it tested. On simulations the conductance (G) spectrum presented the smallest overall error, among all immittance spectra, in the estimation of the impedance parameters used to estimate body fluids. Afterwards the frequency range of 10–500 kHz showed to be the most robust band of the G spectrum. The accuracy of body fluid estimations from the resulting parameters that utilized G spectrum and parameters provided by the measuring device were tested on EBIS clinical measurements from growth hormone replacement therapy patients against estimations performed with dilution methods. Regarding extracellular fluid, the correlation between each EBIS method and dilution was 0.93 with limits of agreement of 1.06 ± 2.95 l for the device, 1.10 ± 2.94 l for G [10–500 kHz] and 1.04 ± 2.94 l for G [5–1000 kHz]. Regarding intracellular fluid, the correlation between dilution and the device was 0.91, same as for G [10–500 kHz] and 0.92 for G [5–1000 kHz]. Limits of agreement were 0.12 ± 4.46 l for the device, 0.09 ± 4.45 for G [10–500 kHz] and 0.04 ± 4.58 for G [5–1000 kHz]. Such close results between the EBIS methods validate the proposed approach of using G spectrum for initial Cole characterization and posterior clinical estimation of body fluids status.

  • 27. Buendia, Ruben
    et al.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Gil-Pita, Roberto
    A Novel Approach for Removing the Hook Effect Artefact from Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Measurements2009In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd. , 2009Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Very often in Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) spectroscopy measurements the presence of stray capacitances creates a measurement artefact commonly known as Hook Effect. Such an artefact creates a hook-alike deviation of the EBI data noticeable when representing the measurement on the impedance plane. Such Hook Effect is noticeable at high frequencies but it also causes a data deviation at lower measurement frequencies. In order to perform any accurate analysis of the EBI spectroscopy data, the influence of the Hook Effect must be removed. An established method to compensate the hook effect is the well known Td compensation, which consist on multiplying the obtained spectrum, Zmeas() by a complex exponential in the form of exp[jTd]. Such a method cannot correct entirely the Hook Effect since the hook-alike deviation occurs a broad frequency range in both magnitude and phase of the measured impedance, and by using a real value for Td. First, a real value only modifies the phase of the measured impedance and second, it can only correct the Hook Effect at a single frequency. In addition, the process to select a value for Td by an iterative process with the aim to obtain the best Cole fitting lacks solid scientific grounds. In this work the Td compensation method is revisited and a modified approach for correcting the Hook Effect that includes a novel method for selecting the correcting values is proposed. The initial validation results confirm that the proposed method entirely corrects the Hook Effect at all frequencies.

  • 28.
    Buendia, Ruben
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Bosaeus, Ingvar
    University of Gothenburg.
    Gil-Pita, Roberto
    Universidad de Alcala.
    Johannsson, Gudmundur
    University of Gothenburg.
    Ellegård, Lars
    University of Gothenburg.
    Ward, Leigh
    University of Queensland.
    Estimation of body fluids with bioimpedance spectroscopy: state of the art methods and proposal of novel methods2015In: Physiological Measurement, ISSN 0967-3334, E-ISSN 1361-6579, Vol. 36, no 10Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 29.
    Buendia, Ruben
    et al.
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Seoane Martinéz, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Harris, M.
    Caffarel, J.
    Gil, R.
    Hook Effect Correction & Resistance-based Cole Fitting Prior Cole Model-based Analysis: Experimental Validation2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 30.
    Buendia, Ruben
    et al.
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Seoane Martínez, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Gil-Pita, R.
    A Novel Approach for Removing the Hook Effect Artefact from Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Measurements2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Very often in Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) spectroscopy measurements the presence of stray capacitances creates a measurement artefact commonly known as Hook Effect. Such an artefact creates a hook-alike deviation of the EBI data noticeable when representing the measurement on the impedance plane. Such Hook Effect is noticeable at high frequencies but it also causes a data deviation at lower measurement frequencies. In order to perform any accurate analysis of the EBI spectroscopy data, the influence of the Hook Effect must be removed. An established method to compensate the hook effect is the well known Td compensation, which consists on multiplying the obtained spectrum, Zmeas(ω) by a complex exponential in the form of exp[jωTd]. Such a method cannot correct entirely the Hook Effect since the hook-alike deviation occurs a broad frequency range in both magnitude and phase of the measured impedance, and by using a scalar value for Td. First a scalar only modifies the phase of the measured impedance and second, a single value can truly corrects the Hook Effect only at a single frequency. In addition, the process to select a value for the scalar Td by an iterative process with the aim to obtain the best Cole fitting lacks solid scientific grounds. In this work the Td compensation method is revisited and a modified approach for correcting the Hook Effect including a novel method for selecting the correcting values is proposed. The initial validation results confirm that the proposed method entirely corrects the Hook Effect at all frequencies.

  • 31.
    Buendia, Ruben
    et al.
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Seoane Martínez, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Gil-Pita, R.
    Experimental Validation of a Method for Removing the Capacitive Leakage Artifact from Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Measurements2010In: Measurement science and technology, ISSN 0957-0233, E-ISSN 1361-6501, Vol. 21, no 11, p. 115802-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Often when performing electrical bioimpedance (EBI) spectroscopy measurements, the obtained EBI data present a hook-like deviation, which is most noticeable at high frequencies in the impedance plane. The deviation is due to a capacitive leakage effect caused by the presence of stray capacitances. In addition to the data deviation being remarkably noticeable at high frequencies in the phase and the reactance spectra, the measured EBI is also altered in the resistance and the modulus. If this EBI data deviation is not properly removed, it interferes with subsequent data analysis processes, especially with Cole model-based analyses. In other words, to perform any accurate analysis of the EBI spectroscopy data, the hook deviation must be properly removed. Td compensation is a method used to compensate the hook deviation present in EBI data; it consists of multiplying the obtained spectrum, Zmeas(ω), by a complex exponential in the form of exp(–jωTd). Although the method is well known and accepted, Td compensation cannot entirely correct the hook-like deviation; moreover, it lacks solid scientific grounds. In this work, the Td compensation method is revisited, and it is shown that it should not be used to correct the effect of a capacitive leakage; furthermore, a more developed approach for correcting the hook deviation caused by the capacitive leakage is proposed. The method includes a novel correcting expression and a process for selecting the proper values of expressions that are complex and frequency dependent. The correctness of the novel method is validated with the experimental data obtained from measurements from three different EBI applications. The obtained results confirm the sufficiency and feasibility of the correcting method.

  • 32.
    Buendía, Rubén
    et al.
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Bogónez-Franco, Paco
    Nescolarde, Lexa
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Influence of electrode mismatch on Cole parameter estimation from Total Right Side Electrical Bioimpedance Spectroscopy measurements2012In: Medical Engineering and Physics, ISSN 1350-4533, E-ISSN 1873-4030, Vol. 34, no 7, p. 1024-1028Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Applications based on measurements of Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) spectroscopy analysis, like assessment of body composition, have proliferated in the past years. Currently Body Composition Assessment (BCA) based in Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (BIS) analysis relays on an accurate estimation of the Cole parameters R0 and R∞. A recent study by Bogonez-Franco et al. has proposed electrode mismatch as source of remarkable artefacts in BIS measurements. Using Total Right Side BIS measurements from the aforementioned study, this work has focused on the influence of electrode mismatch on the estimation of R0 and R∞ using the Non-Linear Least Square curve fitting technique on the modulus of the impedance. The results show that electrode mismatch on the voltage sensing electrodes produces an overestimation of the impedance spectrum leading to a wrong estimation of the parameters R0 and R∞, and consequently obtaining values around 4% larger that the values obtained from BIS without electrode mismatch. The specific key factors behind electrode mismatch or its influence on the analysis of single and spectroscopy measurements have not been investigated yet, no compensation or correction technique is available to overcome the deviation produced on the EBI measurement. Since textile-enabled EBI applications using dry textrodes, i.e. textile electrodes with dry skin–electrode interfaces and potentially large values of electrode polarization impedance are more prone to produce electrode mismatch, the lack of a correction or compensation technique might hinder the proliferation of textile-enabled EBI applications for personalized healthcare monitoring.

  • 33. Chen, Kaile
    et al.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    Carrero, Juan-Jesus
    Fernandez-Llatas, Carlos
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare.
    Process mining and data mining applications in the domain of chronic diseases: A systematic review2023In: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, ISSN 0933-3657, E-ISSN 1873-2860, Vol. 144, article id 102645Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The widespread use of information technology in healthcare leads to extensive data collection, which can be utilised to enhance patient care and manage chronic illnesses. Our objective is to summarise previous studies that have used data mining or process mining methods in the context of chronic diseases in order to identify research trends and future opportunities. The review covers articles that pertain to the application of data mining or process mining methods on chronic diseases that were published between 2000 and 2022. Articles were sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 71 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Based on the literature review results, we detected a growing trend in the application of data mining methods in diabetes research.

    Additionally, a distinct increase in the use of process mining methods to model clinical pathways in cancer research was observed. Frequently, this takes the form of a collaborative integration of process mining, data mining, and traditional statistical methods. In light of this collaborative approach, the meticulous selection of statistical methods based on their underlying assumptions is essential when integrating these traditional methods with process mining and data mining methods. Another notable challenge is the lack of standardised guidelines for reporting process mining studies in the medical field. Furthermore, there is a pressing need to enhance the clinical interpretation of data mining and process mining results.

  • 34.
    Chen, Wei
    et al.
    Fudan University.
    Augusto, Juan CarlosMiddlesex University.Seoane, FernandoUniversity of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.Ledhocki, FedorSlovak University of Technology.Arends, JohanTechnical University of Technology.Ungureanu, ConstantinHobo Heeze.Wichert, ReinerFraunhofer IGD.
    Recent Advances in Ambient Assisted Living: Bridging Assistive Technologies, e-Health and Personalized Health Care2015Collection (editor) (Refereed)
  • 35.
    Cheng, Jingyuan
    et al.
    German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI).
    Zhou, Bo
    German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI).
    Lukowicz, Paul
    German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI).
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. Karolinska Institutet.
    Varga, Matija
    ETH Zurich.
    Mehmann, Andreas
    ETH Zurich.
    Chabrecek, Peter
    SEFAR AG.
    Gaschler, Werner
    SEFAR AG.
    Goenner, Karl
    ITV Denkendorf.
    Horter, Hansjürgen
    ITV Denkendorf.
    Schneegass, Stefan
    Hassib, Mariam
    University of Stuttgart.
    Schmidt, Albrecht
    University of Stuttgart.
    Freund, Martin
    University of Passau.
    Zhang, Rui
    University of Passau.
    Amft, Oliver
    University of Passau.
    Textile Building Blocks:Toward Simple, Modularized, and Standardized Smart Textile2017In: Smart Textiles: Fundamentals, Design, and Interaction, Springer, Cham , 2017, p. 303-331Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Textiles are pervasive in our life, covering human body and objects, as well as serving in industrial applications. In its everyday use of individuals, smart textile becomes a promising medium for monitoring, information retrieval, and interaction. While there are many applications in sport, health care, and industry, the state-of-the-art smart textile is still found only in niche markets. To gain mass-market capabilities, we see the necessity of generalizing and modularizing smart textile production and application development, which on the one end lowers the production cost and on the other end enables easy deployment. In this chapter, we demonstrate our initial effort in modularization. By devising types of universal sensing fabrics for conductive and non-conductive patches, smart textile construction from basic, reusable components can be made. Using the fabric blocks, we present four types of sensing modalities, including resistive pressure, capacitive, bioimpedance, and biopotential. In addition, we present a multi-channel textile–electronics interface and various applications built on the top of the basic building blocks by ‘cut and sew’ principle.

  • 36.
    Eyre, Sintra
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden.
    Stenberg, Jenny
    Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden.
    Wallengren, Ola
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden.
    Keane, David
    Department of Medicine, CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, HRB‐Clinical Research Facility Galway National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland.
    Avesani, Carla M.
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum Karolinska Institutet Solna Sweden.
    Bosaeus, Ingvar
    Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden.
    Clyne, Naomi
    Department of Nephrology, Clinical Sciences Skåne University Hospital and Lund University Lund Sweden.
    Heimbürger, Olof
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum Karolinska Institutet Solna Sweden.
    Indurain, Ainhoa
    Department of Kidney Medicine University Hospital Linköping Sweden.
    Johansson, Ann‐Cathrine
    Department of Nephrology Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden.
    Lindholm, Bengt
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum Karolinska Institutet Solna Sweden.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden;Department of Medical Technology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden;Department of Clinical Physiology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden;Department of Textile Technology University of Borås Borås Sweden.
    Trondsen, Mia
    Department of Nephrology Skåne University Hospital Malmö Sweden.
    Bioimpedance analysis in patients with chronic kidney disease2023In: Journal of Renal Care, ISSN 1755-6678, E-ISSN 1755-6686, Vol. 49, no 3, p. 147-157Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years the use of bioimpedance analysis (BIA) for assessment of fluid status as well as body composition as a mean to assess nutritional status in CKD has increased. The interest in the method is due to the associations between fluid overload and cardiovascular disease, and between fluid overload and malnutrition, both of which contribute to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality (Hur et al., 2013; Onofriescu et al., 2014). Moreover, BIA devices are suitable for clinical use, since they are portable, easy to use and, with a median to low price. However, the results can be difficult to interpret and integrate into routine clinical care, and although impedance measurements can contribute to an increased understanding of the patient's fluid balance, the results should be used with caution and in combination with other physiological parameters and clinical assessments (de Ruiter et al., 2020; Scotland et al., 2018). The aim of this editorial is to contribute to increased awareness of the benefits and limitations of using bioimpedance in patients with CKD with or without dialysis, and contribute to improving the measurement quality, facilitating interpretations, and highlighting possible sources of error.

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  • 37. Fernandez-Llatas, Carlos
    et al.
    Gatta, Roberto
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare.
    Valentini, Vincenzo
    Editorial: Artificial intelligence in process modelling in oncology2023In: Frontiers in Oncology, E-ISSN 2234-943X, Vol. 13Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 38.
    Fernandez-Llatas, Carlos
    et al.
    ITACA-SABIEN, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.
    Ibanez-Sanchez, Gema
    ITACA-SABIEN, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.
    Traver, Vicente
    ITACA-SABIEN, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Empowering ergonomy in workplaces by individual behavior modeling using interactive process mining paradigm2018In: Intelligent Environments 2018 / [ed] Ioannis Chatzigiannakis, Yoshito Tobe, Paulo Novais, Oliver Amft, Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2018, p. 346-354Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Work-related disorders account for a significant part of total healthcareexpenditure. Traditionally muscle-skeletal disorders were predominant as source ofwork absenteeism but in last years work activity-related disorders have increasedremarkably. Too little activity at work, sedentarism, or too much work activity leadsto stress. The individualized behavioural analysis of patients could support ergon-omy experts in the optimization of workplaces in a Healthier way. Process MiningTechnologies can offer a human understandable view of what is actually occurringin workplaces in an individualized way. In this paper, we present a proof of con-cept of how Process Mining technologies can be used for discovering the workerflow in order to support the ergonomy experts in the selection of more accurateinterventions for improving occupational health.

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  • 39.
    Ferreira Gonzalez, Javier
    et al.
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    AD5933-Based Electrical Bioimpedance Spectrometer. Towards Textile-Enabled Applications.2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 40.
    Ferreira, Javier
    et al.
    KTH, Medicinsk teknik.
    Pau, Iván
    Universidad Politecnica de Madrid.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    KTH, Medicinsk teknik.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    A handheld and textile-enabled bioimpedance system for ubiquitous body composition analysis.: An initial functional validation2016In: IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics, ISSN 2168-2194, E-ISSN 2168-2208, no 99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years, many efforts have been made to promote a healthcare paradigm shift from the traditional reactive hospital-centered healthcare approach towards a proactive, patient-oriented and self-managed approach that could improve service quality and help reduce costs while contributing to sustainability. Managing and caring for patients with chronic diseases accounts over 75% of healthcare costs in developed countries. One of the most resource demanding diseases is chronic kidney disease (CKD), which often leads to a gradual and irreparable loss of renal function, with up to 12% of the population showing signs of different stages of this disease. Peritoneal dialysis and home haemodialysis are life-saving home-based renal replacement treatments that, compared to conventional in-center hemodialysis, provide similar long-term patient survival, less restrictions of life-style, such as a more flexible diet, and better flexibility in terms of treatment options and locations. Bioimpedance has been largely used clinically for decades in nutrition for assessing body fluid distributions. Moreover, bioimpedance methods are used to assess the overhydratation state of CKD patients, allowing clinicians to estimate the amount of fluid that should be removed by ultrafiltration. In this work, the initial validation of a handheld bioimpedance system for the assessment of body fluid status that could be used to assist the patient in home-based CKD treatments is presented. The body fluid monitoring system comprises a custom-made handheld tetrapolar bioimpedance spectrometer and a textile-based electrode garment for total body fluid assessment. The system performance was evaluated against the same measurements acquired using a commercial bioimpedance spectrometer for medical use on several voluntary subjects. The analysis of the measurement results and the comparison of the fluid estimations indicated that both devices are equivalent from a measurement performance perspective, allowing for its use on ubiquitous e-healthcare dialysis solutions.

  • 41.
    Ferreira, Javier
    et al.
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Ansede, Antonio
    Bragos, Ramon
    AD5933-based Spectrometer for Electrical Bioimpedance Applications2010In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd. , 2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To build an Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) spectrometer using the Impedance Measurement System-On-Chip AD5933 together with a 4-Electrode Analog Front End (4E-AFE) has been proven practicable. Such small measurement devices can make possible several new applications of EBI technology, especially when combined with functional textiles, which can enable wearable applications for personal health and home monitoring. After the implementation and functional validation of the 4E-AFE-enabled spectrometer, the next natural step is to validate for which EBI applications the 4E-AFE-enabled system is suitable. To test the applicability of this novel spectrometer on several EBI applications, 2R1C equivalents models have been experimentally obtained and impedance spectroscopy measurements have been performed with the system under study and with the SFB7 EBI spectrometer manufactured by ImpediMed. The 2R1C circuit parameters have been estimated with the BioImp software from the spectra obtained with both EBI spectrometers and the estimated values have been compared with the original values used in each circuit model implementation. The obtained results indicated that the 4E-AFE-enabled system cannot beat the performance of the SFB7 in accuracy but it performs better in preciseness. In any case the overall performance indicates that the 4E-AFE-enabled system can perform spectroscopy measurements in the frequency range from 5 to 100 kHz.

  • 42.
    Garrote Jurado, Ramon
    et al.
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Petersson, Tomas
    Christie, Michael
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Sigrén, Peter
    University of Borås, Centrum för lärande och undervisning.
    Training teachers in e-learning without Internet access2010In: Proceedings of EDULEARN10 Conference, 5th-7th July 2010, Barcelona, Spain., International Association of Technology, Education and Development , 2010, p. 6336-6341Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper the authors present a solution to the problem of giving practical training in handling information and communication technology (ICT) without depending on internet access. The proposed method is to use an USB-memory to emulate selected educational resources that are otherwise available on the internet or on a local network. How this method can influence pedagogical issues is discussed and, it is asserted that the method offers interesting learning advantages beyond the obvious independence of internet connections. The paper describes the planning and implementation of a course about the use of Learning Management Systems (LMS) in higher education and, in particular, how it was designed to meet the needs of educators in a developing country with slow or unreliable internet connections. The course was a part of the project USo+I: Universidad, Sociedad e Innovación. Mejora de la pertinencia de la educación en las ingenierías de Latinoamérica (University and Society: Improving of the relevance of the education in the engineering of Latinoamerica) this project financed by the European Union, within the ALFA III program. The University of Borås was assigned to design and teach a course about LMS to engineering educators in Latin-America.

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  • 43.
    Garrote Jurado, Ramon
    et al.
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Christie, Michael
    Las tecnologias de la informacion y communicacion para actualizar education en la Universidad de Borås "Bättrekonceptet"/Information and Communication technologies for education updating at the University of Borås "Bättrekonceptet" (engelska)2009In: La educacion en ciencias e ingenieria. Calidad, innovacion pedagogica y cultura digital / [ed] N Valerias Esteban, E Campo Montalvo, E A Espinoza Montenegro, Universidad de Alcalá. Servicio de Publicaciones, Alcalá,España , 2009Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Gunnarsson, Emanuel
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Rödby, Kristian
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Seamlessly integrated textile electrodes and conductive routing in a garment for electrostimulation: design, manufacturing and evaluation2023In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 13, article id 17408Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Electro-stimulation to alleviate spasticity, pain and to increase mobility has been used successfully for years. Usually, gelled electrodes are used for this. In a garment intended for repeated use such electrodes must be replaced. The Mollii-suit by the company Inerventions utilises dry conductive rubber electrodes. The electrodes work satisfactory, but the garment is cumbersome to fit on the body. In this paper we show that knitted dry electrodes can be used instead. The knitted electrodes present a lower friction against the skin and a garment is easily fitted to the body. The fabric is stretchable and provides a tight fit to the body ensuring electrical contact. We present three candidate textrodes and show how we choose the one with most favourable features for producing the garment. We validate the performance of the garment by measuring three electrical parameters: rise time (10–90%) of the applied voltage, net injected charge and the low frequency value of the skin–electrode impedance. It is concluded that the use of flat knitting intarsia technique can produce a garment with seamlessly integrated conductive leads and electrodes and that this garment delivers energy to the body as targeted and is beneficial from manufacturing and comfort perspectives.

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  • 45. Gunnarsson, Emanuel
    et al.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare.
    Three-lead in vivo measurement method for determining the skin-electrode impedance of textile electrodes: A fast, accurate and easy-to-use measurement method suitable for characterization of textile electrodes2023In: Textile research journal, ISSN 0040-5175, E-ISSN 1746-7748Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The rise of interest in wearable sensing of bioelectrical signals conducted via smart textile systems over the past decades has resulted in many investigations on how to develop and evaluate such systems. All measurements of bioelectrical signals are done by way of electrodes. The most critical parameter for an electrode is the skin-electrode impedance. A common method for measuring skin-electrode impedance is the two-lead method, but it has limitations because it relies on assumptions of symmetries of the body impedance in different parts of the body as well as of the skin-electrode impedances. To address this, in this paper we present an easy-to-use and reliable three-lead in vivo method as a more accurate alternative. We aim to show that the in vivo three-lead method overcomes all such limitations. We aim at raising the awareness regarding the possibility to characterize textile electrodes using a correct, accurate and robust method rather than limited and sometimes inadequate and uninformative methods. The three-lead in vivo method eliminates the effect of body impedance as well as all other contact impedances during measurements. The method is direct and measures only the skin-electrode impedance. This method is suitable for characterization of skin-electrode interface of textile electrodes intended for both bioelectrical signals as well as for electrostimulation of the human body. We foresee that the utilization of the three-lead in vivo method has the potential to impact the further development of wearable sensing by enabling more accurate and reliable measurement of bioelectrical signals. 

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  • 46.
    Hafid, Abdelakram
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene.
    Benouar, Sara
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene.
    Kedir-Talha, M.
    University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. Karolinska Institute.
    Evaluation of dZ/dt Complex Subtypes vs Ensemble Averaging Method for Estimation of Left Ventricular Ejection Time from ICG Recording2021In: 8th European Medical and Biological Engineering ConferenceProceedings of the EMBEC 2020, November 29 – December 3, 2020 Portorož, Slovenia / [ed] Tomaz Jarm; Aleksandra Cvetkoska; Samo Mahnič-Kalamiza; Damijan Miklavcic, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH , 2021, p. 502-509Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Impedance cardiography (ICG) was discovered nearly half a century ago, being proposed as noninvasive monitoring method for estimation of several hemodynamics parameter. Despite of nearly 5 decades of clinical research and use there is still certain controversy about its performance when estimating Left Ventricular Ejection Time (LVET). This work present a comparison between using the different ICG subtype waveform and the ensemble averaged (EA) method to calculate the LVET. The ICG has been recorded from four volunteers, and the LVET parameter has been calculated using the two approaches. The result shows that each volunteer have different percentage of subtypes, and the mean relative error between the two approaches for estimation of LVET varied between 0.62 to 2.9% with an average mean absolute percentage error of 18,02% ranging between 13.82 to 18.42%. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

  • 47.
    Hafid, Abdelakram
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene.
    Benouar, Sara
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Kedir-Talha, Malika
    University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Attari, Mokhtar
    University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. KTH-School of Technology and Health.
    Full Impedance Cardiography measurement device using Raspberry PI3 and System-on-Chip biomedical Instrumentation Solutions2017In: IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics, ISSN 2168-2194, E-ISSN 2168-2208Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Impedance Cardiography (ICG) is a non-invasive method for monitoring cardiac dynamics using Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) measurements. Since its appearance more than 40 years ago, ICG has been used for assessing hemodynamic parameters. This paper present a measurement system based on two System on Chip (SoC) solutions and Raspberry PI, implementing both a full 3-lead ECG recorder and an impedance cardiographer, for educational and research development purposes. Raspberry PI is a platform supporting Do-It-Yourself project and education applications across the world. The development is part of Biosignal PI, an open hardware platform focusing in quick prototyping of physiological measurement instrumentation. The SoC used for sensing cardiac biopotential is the ADAS1000, and for the EBI measurement is the AD5933. The recording were wirelessly transmitted through Bluetooth to a PC, where the waveforms were displayed, and hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate, stroke volume, ejection time and cardiac output were extracted from the ICG and ECG recordings. These results show how Raspberry PI can be used for quick prototyping using relatively widely available and affordable components, for supporting developers in research and engineering education. The design and development documents, will be available on www.BiosignalPI.com, for open access under a Non Commercial-Share A like 4.0 International License.

  • 48.
    Hafid, Abdelakram
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. Textile Materials Technology, Department of Textile Technology, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, 503 32 Borås, Sweden;School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Mälardalen University, 722 20 Västerås, Sweden.
    Gunnarsson, Emanuel
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. Textile Materials Technology, Department of Textile Technology, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, 503 32 Borås, Sweden.
    Ramos, Alberto
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. Textile Materials Technology, Department of Textile Technology, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, 503 32 Borås, Sweden;UDIT—University of Design, Innovation and Technology, 28016 Madrid, Spain.
    Rödby, Kristian
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. Textile Materials Technology, Department of Textile Technology, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, 503 32 Borås, Sweden.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    Institute for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden;Department of Medical Care Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden;Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
    Bamidis, Panagiotis D.
    Lab of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
    Billis, Antonis
    Lab of Medical Physics and Digital Innovation, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
    Papachristou, Panagiotis
    Academic Primary Health Care Center, Region Stockholm, 104 31 Stockholm, Sweden;Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. Textile Materials Technology, Department of Textile Technology, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås, 503 32 Borås, Sweden;Institute for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden;Department of Medical Care Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden;Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
    Sensorized T-Shirt with Intarsia-Knitted Conductive Textile Integrated Interconnections: Performance Assessment of Cardiac Measurements during Daily Living Activities2023In: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 23, no 22, article id 9208Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of smart wearable solutions for monitoring daily life health status is increasingly popular, with chest straps and wristbands being predominant. This study introduces a novel sensorized T-shirt design with textile electrodes connected via a knitting technique to a Movesense device. We aimed to investigate the impact of stationary and movement actions on electrocardiography (ECG) and heart rate (HR) measurements using our sensorized T-shirt. Various activities of daily living (ADLs), including sitting, standing, walking, and mopping, were evaluated by comparing our T-shirt with a commercial chest strap. Our findings demonstrate measurement equivalence across ADLs, regardless of the sensing approach. By comparing ECG and HR measurements, we gained valuable insights into the influence of physical activity on sensorized T-shirt development for monitoring. Notably, the ECG signals exhibited remarkable similarity between our sensorized T-shirt and the chest strap, with closely aligned HR distributions during both stationary and movement actions. The average mean absolute percentage error was below 3%, affirming the agreement between the two solutions. These findings underscore the robustness and accuracy of our sensorized T-shirt in monitoring ECG and HR during diverse ADLs, emphasizing the significance of considering physical activity in cardiovascular monitoring research and the development of personal health applications. 

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  • 49.
    Hafid, Abdelakram
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. Mälardalens Högskola.
    Gunnarsson, Emanuel
    Rödby, Kristian
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. Karolinska Institutet.
    Seamless Integration Of Textile-Electronics In Knitted Fabrics For Personalized Health2022In: Autex conference proceedings, 21st world conference AUTEX 2022, 2022Conference paper (Refereed)
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  • 50.
    Illueca Fernández, Eduardo
    et al.
    Department of Informatics and Systems, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
    Fernández Llatas, Carlos
    Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
    Jara Valera, Antonio Jesús
    Research and Development, HOP Ubiquitous S.L. (Libelium Murcia), Ceutí, Spain .
    Fernández Breis, Jesualdo Tomás
    Department of Informatics and Systems, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain .
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Medical Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Textile Technology, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden, Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Sequence-oriented sensitive analysis for PM2.5 exposure and risk assessment using interactive process mining2023In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 18, no 8, p. e0290372-e0290372Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The World Health Organization has estimated that air pollution will be one of the most significant challenges related to the environment in the following years, and air quality monitoring and climate change mitigation actions have been promoted due to the Paris Agreement because of their impact on mortality risk. Thus, generating a methodology that supports experts in making decisions based on exposure data, identifying exposure-related activities, and proposing mitigation scenarios is essential. In this context, the emergence of Interactive Process Mining—a discipline that has progressed in the last years in healthcare—could help to develop a methodology based on human knowledge. For this reason, we propose a new methodology for a sequence-oriented sensitive analysis to identify the best activities and parameters to offer a mitigation policy. This methodology is innovative in the following points: i) we present in this paper the first application of Interactive Process Mining pollution personal exposure mitigation; ii) our solution reduces the computation cost and time of the traditional sensitive analysis; iii) the methodology is human-oriented in the sense that the process should be done with the environmental expert; and iv) our solution has been tested with synthetic data to explore the viability before the move to physical exposure measurements, taking the city of Valencia as the use case, and overcoming the difficulty of performing exposure measurements. This dataset has been generated with a model that considers the city of Valencia’s demographic and epidemiological statistics. We have demonstrated that the assessments done using sequence-oriented sensitive analysis can identify target activities. The proposed scenarios can improve the initial KPIs—in the best scenario; we reduce the population exposure by 18% and the relative risk by 12%. Consequently, our proposal could be used with real data in future steps, becoming an innovative point for air pollution mitigation and environmental improvement.

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