Based on the sustainable development practice-zero growth in chemical fertilizer application, this article used bagasse organic fertilizer and rice husk derived biochar to investigate the response of soil bacterial community in apple orchard. Aimed at realize the soil quality improvement and biomass resource recovery to contribute agricultural and environmental sustainability. The co-trophic Proteobacteria was predominant in all the treatments (29–36 %) and enriched in non-nitrifying Alphaproteobacteria (9–11 %) and ammonia oxidant Betaproteobacteria (8–10 %), especially richest in bagasse fertilizer combine biochar treated soil. In addition, bacterial community variation was assessed by alpha and beta diversity, four treatments dispersed distribution and richer abundance observed in combined apply bagasse fertilizer and biochar treatment (3909.22 observed-species) than single application (3729.88 and 3646.58 observed-species). Biochar as microbial carrier combined organic fertilizer were established synergistic interaction and favorable to organic matter availability during sustainable agriculture. Finally, integrated biochar-bagasse fertilizer was richer than single organic or biochar fertilization in improving soil bacterial diversity, notably by promoting the metabolism of copiotrophic bacteria, nutrient cycling, plant growth and disease inhibit-related bacteria.
It has been suggested that cellulolytic enzymes can be effective on the degradation of PLA samples. The idea was investigated by examining the impact of cellulase on degradation of PLA and PLA-jute (64/36) composite in an aqueous medium. The obtained results demonstrated 55% and 61% thickness reduction in PLA and PLA-jute specimens after four months of treatment, respectively. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed significant decline in the number average molecular weight (Mn) approximately equal to 85% and 80% for PLA and PLA-jute in comparison with their control. The poly dispersity index (PDI) of PLA and PLA-jute declined 41% and 49% that disclosed more homogenous distribution in molecular weight of the polymer after treatment with cellulase. The cellulase promiscuity effect on PLA degradation was further revealed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis where substantial decrease in the peak intensities of the polymer related functional groups were observed. In addition, PLA biodegradation was studied in more detail by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of control and cellulase treated specimens. The obtained results confirmed the promiscuous function of cellulase in the presence or the absence of jute as the specific substrate of cellulase. This can be considered as a major breakthrough to develop effective biodegradation processes for PLA products at the end of their life cycle.
The inevitable need for waste valorisation and management has revolutionized the way in which the waste is visualised as a potential biorefinery for various product development rather than offensive trash. Biowaste has emerged as a potential feedstock to produce several value-added products. Bioenergy generation is one of the potential applications originating from the valorisation of biowaste. Bioenergy production requires analysis and optimization of various parameters such as biowaste composition and conversion potential to develop innovative and sustainable technologies for most effective utilization of biowaste with enhanced bioenergy production. In this context, feedstocks, such as food, agriculture, beverage, and municipal solid waste act as promising resources to produce renewable energy. Similarly, the concept of microbial fuel cells employing biowaste has clearly gained research focus in the past few decades. Despite of these potential benefits, the area of bioenergy generation still is in infancy and requires more interdisciplinary research to be sustainable alternatives. This review is aimed at analysing the bioconversion potential of biowaste to renewable energy. The possibility of valorising underutilized biowaste substrates is elaborately presented. In addition, the application and efficiency of microbial fuel cells in utilizing biowaste are described in detail taking into consideration of its great scope. Furthermore, the review addresses the significance bioreactor development for energy production along with major challenges and future prospects in bioenergy production. Based on this review it can be concluded that bioenergy production utilizing biowaste can clearly open new avenues in the field of waste valorisation and energy research. Systematic and strategic developments considering the techno economic feasibilities of this excellent energy generation process will make them a true sustainable alternative for conventional energy sources.
Global warming issues, rapid fossil fuel diminution, and increasing worldwide energy demands have diverted accelerated attention in finding alternate sources of biofuels and energy to combat the energy crisis. Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass has emerged as a prodigious way to produce various renewable biofuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, and biohydrogen. Ideal microbial hosts for biofuel synthesis should be capable of using high substrate quantity, tolerance to inhibiting substances and end-products, fast sugar transportation, and amplified metabolic fluxes to yielding enhanced fermentative bioproduct. Genetic manipulation and microbes' metabolic engineering are fascinating strategies for the economical production of next-generation biofuel from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Metabolic engineering is a rapidly developing approach to construct robust biofuelproducing microbial hosts and an important component for future bioeconomy. This approach has been widely adopted in the last decade for redirecting and revamping the biosynthetic pathways to obtain a high titer of target products. Biotechnologists and metabolic scientists have produced a wide variety of new products with industrial relevance through metabolic pathway engineering or optimizing native metabolic pathways. This review focuses on exploiting metabolically engineered microbes as promising cell factories for the enhanced production of advanced biofuels.
The immobilization of biocatalysts or other bioactive components often means their transformation from a soluble to an insoluble state by attaching them to a solid support material. Various types of fibrous textiles from both natural and synthetic sources have been studied as suitable support material for biocatalysts immobilization. Strength, inexpensiveness, high surface area, high porosity, pore size, availability in various forms, and simple preparation/functionalization techniques have made textiles a primary choice for various applications. This led to the concept of a new domain called-biocatalyst immobilization on textiles. By addressing the growing advancement in biocatalysts immobilization on textile, this study provides the first detailed overview on this topic based on the terms of preparation, progress, and application in wastewater treatment. The fundamental reason behind the necessity of biocatalysts immobilized textile as well as the potential preparation methods has been identified and discussed. The overall progress and performances of biocatalysts immobilized textile have been scrutinized and summarized based on the form of textile, catalytic activity, and various influencing factors. This review also highlighted the potential challenges and future considerations that can enhance the pervasive use of such immobilized biocatalysts in various sustainable and green chemistry applications.