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  • 1.
    Abbasi, Maisam
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Nilsson, Fredrik
    Lund University.
    Waidringer, Jonas
    Chalmers.
    Outlook of Complexity and Complication on Logistics and Supply Chain Management2009In: NOFOMA 2009, Jönköping Sweden: Nofoma , 2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Abdullah, Sara
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Al Qarghulli, Ahmed
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Majzoub, Nour Eddin
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Kommunikation på en byggarbetsplats2022Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    There is a great need for a well-functioning communication in the construction industry, with the reason that it is an extensive industry where many different professional roles are involved. Communication can be lacking in many areas and can turn into negative effects on a project. In the construction industry, unpredictable changes often occur, which can make effective communication more difficult to achieve.

    This study is about understanding how communication can be challenging and affect construction projects during production. The purpose of this study is to find measures to prevent lack of communication and carefully study whether it can increase involvement, community, and motivation on a construction site, by examining and analyzing how information is disseminated among involved parties in a project under production.

    The study answers the following questions:

    • How do you communicate on a construction site?
    • Does communication increase involvement, community, and motivation on a construction site?
    • Can you save money by increasing communication skills at the construction site?

    Qualitative interviews were conducted on some employees at GH Olofsson Bygg & Entreprenad AB to create an idea of how communication works and is experienced in their workplace.

    The result of the interviews showed that communication was in some cases less good and that misunderstandings arose many times. The study delves into how communication is experienced and processed and how to make it more efficient. It also delves into which communication methods are used and which are most suitable in different situations. The results indicate that the most appreciated way to communicate is face-to-face meetings. However, it turned out that this method of communication is not always appropriate as factors such as time pressure or sudden changes may occur.

    One measure that is discussed in the study is, among other things, that all employees at the company must complete a course that deals with the value of communication and how it can be applied in a way to reduce misunderstandings. By implementing that measure, communication deficiencies can be prevented from the beginning. As a result of this measure, money can be saved in the long run even though it can be costly in the beginning.

  • 3.
    Abrahamsson, Daniel
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Petersson, Oscar
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Anbud: Faktorer och förbättringsmöjligheter i anbudsprocessen2017Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The report shows how extensive the tender process is and what factors to consider in order tosubmit a winning bid. It highlights the different parts of the tender process and makes adeeper analysis of some of the most important factors. Bidding is not just about value whatsomething will cost. Because companies rarely are alone, they are finding ways and solutionsthat make the offer competitive. There is a high pace in the construction industry andconstruction companies currently have a lot to do.The report is written together with RO-Gruppen and a survey is the basis for the analysis. Thegoal was to describe RO-Gruppens work and to find possible improvement potential.As specifications, customers and procurement variations vary, it’s difficult to always followthe same template. Transparency and flexibility is required to analyze what exactly the clientis looking for. Experience proved to be a decisive factor, both according to the literature andthe questionnaire survey.

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    Anbud
  • 4. Agrawal, Tarun Kumar
    et al.
    Kumar, Vijay
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Pal, Rudrajeet
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Wang, Lichuan
    College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 215168-Suzhou, China.
    Chen, Yan
    College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 215168-Suzhou, China.
    Blockchain-based Framework for Supply Chain Traceability: A Case Example of Textile and Clothing Industry2021In: Computers & industrial engineering, ISSN 0360-8352, E-ISSN 1879-0550Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Traceability has emerged as a prime requirement for a multi-tier and multi-site production. It enables visibility and caters to the consumer requirements of transparency and quality assurance. Textile and clothing industry is one such example that requires traceability implementation to address prevailing problems of information asymmetry and low visibility. Customers find it difficult to access product data that can facilitate ethical buying practices or assure product authenticity. Besides, it is challenging for stakeholders to share crucial information in an insecure environment with risk of data manipulations and fear of losing information advantage. In this context, this study investigates and proposes a blockchain-based traceability framework for traceability in multi-tier textile and clothing supply chain. It conceptualizes the interaction of supply chain partners, and related network architecture at the organizational level and smart contract and transaction validation rules at the operational level. To illustrate the application of the proposed framework, the study presents an example of organic cotton supply chain using blockchain with customized smart contract and transaction rules. It finally demonstrates the applicability of the developed blockchain by testing it under two parameters. The proposed system can build a technology-based trust among the supply chain partners, where the distributed ledger can be used to store and authenticate supply chain transactions. Further, the blockchain-based traceability system would provide a unique opportunity, flexibility, and authority to all partners to trace-back their supply network and create transparent and sustainable supply chain.

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  • 5.
    Ahmed, Chera
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Uppföljning av en energikartläggning: Med fokus på ekologiska, ekonomiska och sociala aspekter2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study addresses an energy survey and how future energy surveys can develop to achieve sustainable development based on all sustainability aspects. The study consists of analyzes and in-depth questions on various issues about sustainable development.

    The purpose of the study is to analyze and follow up on previously carried out energy measures and follow up the continuation by analyzing the results based on environmental, economic and social aspects. In an energy survey, the economic and ecological aspects are taken into account, social aspects are usually excluded. This study will contribute to the possibility of including social aspects in an energy survey as well in order to contribute to the sustainable development as a whole.

    In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the author has used various qualitative methods such as interviewing, site visits and observation. Qualitative methods and previously documented follow-ups of the energy survey, creates an interpretation of the current situation and previously implemented action propsals. In addition, the Primo database has been used and various scientific articles/reports have been studied.

    The results consists of an analysis of the energy survey and shows how it can develop by including social aspects. By including all sustainability aspects, additional financial savings are obtained compared to only environmental and economic considerations. Social action proposals contribute to greater involvement of the residents. This results in an economic saving in form of increased environmental competence and consequent thinking on energy consumption.

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    fulltext
  • 6.
    Akbary, Josef
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Mohammad, Maya
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Blazevski Peterson, Nicola
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Parametrisk design i tidiga skeden för en hållbar byggprocess2023Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Digitalization is a significant part of societal development in all sectors, including the construction industry, which is facing increased sustainability demands. It has enabled increased productivity and efficiency, as well as improved opportunities for collaboration among different actors. The construction industry has great potential to develop and implement digital tools in various parts of the construction process.

    The purpose of the study is to investigate and identify opportunities and challenges that parametric design entails from a sustainability perspective. The study also focuses on the disadvantages and advantages of such a tool in the early stages of the construction process. What parametric design is and how it can be used in early stages will be central to our analysis. To carry out the study in the best possible way, a qualitative method (see further, 3.2) and semi-structured interviews (see further, 3.2.1) were chosen, which gave the respondents the opportunity to share their understanding and knowledge of parametric design. A total of eight interviews were conducted, which formed the basis of our results. However, the study was delimited to the early stages of the construction process to avoid an excessively extensive report, and all selected interviews were aimed only at architecture firms, consulting firms, and real estate companies. To give the reader a clearer picture of the work roles that were interviewed, the actors have been described in detail (see further, 2.3).

    The study's results suggest that parametric design is widely used in the early stages of the construction process. Some of the tools include Grasshoppers, Dynamo, Rhino, Spacemaker, Rhino Inside Revit, Revit, and SketchUp. The most mentioned software in the interview material is Grasshoppers and Rhino.

    The results indicate that digital tools can be used to automate some of the tasks and make them faster and easier. It also turned out that these tools can generate several different design options and facilitate decision-making. Promoting collaboration between professional roles was also an advantage of this approach. The disadvantages included a lack of knowledge and competence, as well as the digital transformation that made it difficult for some to keep up with technological advances. On the one hand, the tool was shown to open several opportunities in the early stages, such as using certain parameters such as gross floor area and living area to manipulate output. Another possibility was to design safe environments that are material efficient, which is significant from a social and economic sustainability perspective. On the other hand, challenges were highlighted in the results, such as the need for innovative standards for increasingly complex geometries and technological breakthroughs. For further reading, see Chapter 4.

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    fulltext
  • 7.
    Akram, Hoger
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Kasem, Kani
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    En jämförande studie mellan platsgjuten betongvägg och skalvägg: Kostnad och tid för respektive byggmetod2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The thesis is a comparison between two different construction methods: half shell precast walls and site cast concrete walls. The study has been made for SEFA Betongentreprenad AB who is aiming for the most profitable construction method.The important aspects, which are emphasized in this thesis are costs, time and working environment.The result shows that a building with half shell precast walls is causing increased material cost in the project which also leads to a higher prime cost for the concrete contractor. On the contrary it will require shorter time schedule compared to working with the site concrete wall which the main contractor benefits from, because less time equals decreased overhead cost and management cost. In addition half shell precast walls provides a better working environment compared to site cat concrete walls because less work activities are required at the worksite which also leads to a reduction of accidents.Time and cost is based on unit-time from Nybyggnadslistan 1999 and the price inquiry. To compile the prime cost and time for the total work a careful calculation has been performed in various computer programs so like Bluebem, Wikells and Excel. The survey is based on documentation of a project which includes both a school and student dormitory in Lund.

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    fulltext
  • 8.
    Al Sadi, Sarmad
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Hododi, Dylan
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Digitalisering av byggsektorn2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The digital progress is slow within the constructional sector in comparison to other type of businesses and it has the reputation of being relatively conservative. To say that the progress is standing still would be mistake since the majority of constructional companies are working actively for a more digital construction site. Even though these companies are working hard towards a more digital sector the construction site is dominated by paper documents, non-autonomic systems and the labor is done the same way as it has been done for decades. Even though multiple digital tools and implementation models are available the construction sector is facing a lot of resistance. This report examines those digital innovations that are on the rampaging and can do a significant good within the construction sector.

    Method: Through search engines at the university's database, as well as the internet, collection of raw data was collected, which would then be analyzed and underlie for qualitative collection methods. The literature study was the foundation of the semistructured interviews, which in turn enabled a comparison between the theoretical framework and interview results.

    Findings: A vast majority of the interviewed participants believe that the 3D-printer sometime in the future may be used within the construction sector. An implementation of the 3D-printer would induce shorter production times, reduced production costs, elimination of waste and reduced costs for labor. Autonomic systems will probably not be implemented on construction sites within a short future since different construction projects are to diverse. If the construction would become more monotonic it would ease considerably, but today one project is rarely analogous to the other. Big data is an innovation that could revolutionize the construction sector in a lot of different ways. The respondents did not understand the meaning of the term, which interpret that it is not an innovation in focus for the time being. The possibilities of Big data are substantial and it could be used for more effective communication, more efficiency within the construction site, more detailed checkups of machinery and more controlled building material checkups.

    Implications: For a generally successful implementation of 3D-printers they need to be affordable for the smaller companies. Otherwise the larger firms risk to put the smaller firms out of business. Since concrete is a material with a relatively large impact on the environment this may cause consequences for the environment in the future since its already in an exposed situation. Since it´s globally working actively with improving the environment the focus should be in producing more environmentally acceptable concrete for the 31d-printers.

    Limitations: The study was limited to a handful of Swedish constructional companies within the Gothenburg region. In the report, only the opinions of a few respondent are taken to consideration.

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  • 9.
    Alhaj Mnela, Khalaf
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Mohamed, Suleyman
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Inomhusmiljö för kvarter Pumpkällehagen ur hyresgästernas perspektiv2023Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Summary Sweden is moving towards a more energy-efficient society to minimize CO2 emissions. The construction sector is one of the sectors that contributes to the most energy consumption. To reduce energy consumption, they have started to build passive houses, which are well-insulated buildings with minimal thermal bridges and high air density. The heating system must make use of all the heat generated in the building. Given the construction sector's large environmental impact, they want to compensate by building energy efficiently, where passive houses are a step in the right direction as they consume less energy during the management stage.

     We humans spend 90% of our time indoors and thus the indoor environment has a major impact on our lives. The physical environment determines how one feels indoors and can contribute to the well-being of those staying in the building. 

    To investigate how the user experiences, a survey has been conducted in the reference area Pumpkällehagen, which consists of 18 passive houses in Viskafors. The survey aimed to inform the user's experience of the indoor environment and how to remedy any problems. In total, there are 8 survey responses on which the results are based. The users feel that it is too cold in the winter period and too hot in the summer period, and they feel that it is responsive between the rooms and a certain temperature difference in the accommodation. However, the sound and light environment in the accommodation is very good.

    The problem of it being too cold in winter can be due to leaks in doors and heat recovery being less than 85%. The problem with it being too hot in the summer is due to poor sun shielding and not ventilating the building properly. The users who have received information about how the house should be maintained have a better experience of the indoor environment than compared to those who have not received information. So, this indicates that there is a clear correlation between a good indoor environment and that you have received information about how the accommodation should be maintained.

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    fulltext
  • 10.
    Ali, Sabrin
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Pereira, Elizama
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Lustgasemissioner från ryaverket och dess klimatpåverkan: Utvärdering av lustgasmätningar2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden's wastewater treatment plant faces several challenges, one of them is the reduction of greenhouse gases. Nitrous oxide is one of these greenhouse gases, which is formed during the purification of wastewater. Nitrous oxide is 300 times more harmful to the climate compared to carbon dioxide. In addition, it affects the depletion of the ozone layer. At present, it is difficult to measure and estimate nitrous oxide emissions, since several simultaneous processes are taking place on large areas. For the operation of sewage treatment plants to take place in an efficient manner and with an extremely small environmental impact, it is important to understand how nitrous oxide is formed and how the formation processes interact with the other treatment processes and operating parameters.

    Emissions of nitrous oxide have been studied at the wastewater treatment plant in Gothenburg. The purpose has been to provide results and measurements from Gryaab AB wastewater treatment plant and to determine which processes give rise to the highest nitrous oxide emissions. Emissions of nitrous oxide emissions have been measured from reject cleaning with the nitrification and denitrification process. Analysis of the results will hopefully be able to help Gryaab AB with further research. As a measurement method, EPA hood measurement was used, which was measured above the water surface in the basins and mobile extractive FTIR was driven around the facility.

    The dominant source of nitrous oxide was found to be formed most in the nitrification process. Where the measurements with hood measurement and sampling showed total emissions corresponding to 1.8 tons of N2O / year. The total nitrous oxide emissions from the biological treatment process showed total emissions corresponding to 3.5 tons of N2O /year.

    As a conclusion, more measurements with different measurement methods and more research should be done to get a better overview of why and how nitrous oxide is formed. And what measures can reduce nitrous oxide emissions. There is a need for further studies with measurements with different measurement methods on Gryaab AB.

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    LUSTGASEMISSIONER FRÅN RYAVERKET OCH DESS KLIMATPÅVERKAN
  • 11.
    Alo, Georges
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Muganzi, Rodney Kyomuhendo
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Klimatsmarta småhus till rimliga kostnader: en kostnads- och miljöpåverkansanalys vid byta av byggprodukter för ett privatägt småhus2022Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The construction and real estate sector in Sweden accounts for about 21 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, with most of the emissions coming from the production of buildings. The focus of the work is mostly on making the right choice of building materials in terms of cost and their climate impact. This report examines a new production project underway in Borås. The aim of the project is to reduce the climate impact of the new building by analysing the choice of materials and how it can affect the whole building both economically and in terms of sustainability. The aim is also to help private customers to make the right choice of materials to build more climate-smart with fewer carbon emissions.

    Regarding sustainable construction, different perspectives exist on which building materials are best, for instance such as wood or concrete.

    The methodology used to obtain the results consisted of site visits to an ongoing construction project, interviews, the online platform Prodikt and a literature review. Based on the results of the interview study and from Prodikt, it was established that the building materials with a strong focus on the environment are expensive. This can make persuading private consumers to opt for eco-friendly materials difficult.

    Results from calculations suggest a large improvement in climate impact with replacement products compared to the reference project's current products. The cost of the replacement products was found to be higher than the cost of the existing products. In addition, results indicate that only environmentally friendly products will be available in the future. The prices of building materials will decrease if the production of environmentally friendly products increases resulting in lower construction costs.

    The conclusion of this project is that there are influencing factors such as knowledge and experience on a material selection with reduced climate impact. This can make it easier for private individuals to build on a smaller budget and have a lower climate impact. For further research, influencing factors can be studied on how to disseminate the information more to individuals.

     

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    fulltext
  • 12.
    Alobaidi, Ishtar
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Alissio, Zanyar
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Kommunikation inom byggprojektledning2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The key to a successful project is good communication between the parties that are involved, which can at times be a challenge. There are a lot of communication channels and communication methods in the construction industry for people to communicate and integrate with each other. It is important to clarify the rules and tools (project networks) used in each project. Communication shortages have an impact on the project budget and the final result. Swedish construction service claims that the construction industry's costs of communication shortages amount to approximately SEK 32 billion per year. The purpose of this survey is to find out how communication works at present in building project management and to find better communication paths and methods to reach out more effectively and minimize communication shortages. There are many questions about how to minimize communication bans. In this report, the following questions will be answered:

    • How clear is the communication in a construction project from start to finish?

    • Which communication routes prefer project managers and other project participants?

    • How is the communication of other receiving parties interpreted?

    • What do project managers and other project participants see on today's platforms?

    These issues were initially answered by a theory study to strengthen the background and give a deeper understanding of the subject. However, interview and questionnaires were conducted with 16 participants each. These participants were mainly project managers and construction managers, but also other project participants. The survey showed that between the communication channels (personal meetings, phone, platforms and e-mail), personal meetings were the most appreciated. The positive of meetings is that it gives the opportunity to answer the questions and concerns you have in place. The disadvantage of personal meetings is that it is time-consuming and costly in comparison with the other communication channels. What replaces the next personal meetings is video meetings. Video meetings are cheaper to communicate with, but is not often used amongst the participants. Studien also shows that IT tools in the construction industry are a few years after comparable with other industries. This is due to the complexity of the industry and that there is no single tool for communication. The result of this study shows that improved communication costs money by introducing more personal meetings. Probably, this is ultimately beneficial given the fact that mistakes and misunderstandings are minimized. Thus, it can be seen as a profit for each project.

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  • 13.
    Alsén, Andreas
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Utforma städer: med hjälp av AI & generativ design2022Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Today, about 55 percent of the world's population lives in cities and urbanization is expected to continue. Early forecasts show that the urban population will have doubled its current size by 2050, leading to almost 7 out of 10 people in the world living in cities (Ritchie and Roser, 2022). Urbanization in Sweden is going in the same direction according to Statistics Sweden's forecasts and more children are born in large cities compared with rural areas. With the growing population in the big cities, their capacity needs to be expanded to take care of future generations. In order to keep up with developments and cope with the major changes that the increased urbanization entails, the construction industry needs to be digitized to a greater extent. In order to be able to design sustainable cities in the future, increasingly complex solutions are required, developed by digital systems that the industry has been bad at adopting.

    The purpose of this report is to investigate what effects the software Spacemaker with its AI, generative & parametric design can have when planning building permit applications and whether it can be used for other purposes in urban development. The purpose can also be described as an example of how the industry can digitize its processes by using the computing power of computers and AI. To answer the report's questions, an empirical study was conducted with the help of the city building administration in Borås and the company Spacemaker, wherea building permit was examined according to the requirements that are usually placed on sucha design. The building administration also wanted to investigate the noise levels in the creation of new roads and the design of buildings. Three scenarios were drawn up in the software to be able to answer the questions. The results of the work showed that it is entirely possible to use the software to carry out the work in urban planning in the city of Borås. In addition, there were many advantages to digitizing these processes as the visual representation of the 3D model proved advantageous, after which a more efficient work could be performed. For example, by being able to fix the noise problem by changing the design of buildings in real time via the software and then get a quick result.

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  • 14.
    Andersson, Matts
    et al.
    Department for Transport Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Berglund, Moa
    WSP Analysis & Strategy, Sweden, Box 13033, 402 51 Göteborg, Sweden.
    Flodén, Jonas
    Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, Box 610, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Persson, Christer
    Division of System Analysis and Econometrics (SEC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 72, 4th Floor, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Waidringer, Jonas
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. Centre for Complexity, Operations and Logistics Management, Lund, Sweden.
    A method for measuring and valuing transport time variability in logistics and cost benefit analysis2017In: Research in Transportation Economics, ISSN 0739-8859, E-ISSN 1875-7979, Vol. 66, p. 59-69Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The freight transport system is subject to delays and disturbances, which influence investment and planning decisions made by governments and infrastructure authorities. Traditionally relying on Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) they are dependent on correct and up-to-date input data. So far, little success has been reached in estimating the effects of disturbances for freight. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of disturbances in freight transport by reviewing and classifying the effects occurring due to transport time variability (TTV) and to suggest a calculation model to estimate the value of transport time variability (VTTV). In order to validate the model and its usability it was successfully tested in a case study for a large Swedish retail company. The effects of delays can be divided into four main types: System Killers, Catastrophic Events, Expected Risks, and Contingencies, of which the last two are relevant for VTTV. The model applies these in a two-step cost function with a fixed and variable part, building on previous studies of VTVV for passenger transport based on the scheduling utility approach. A main theoretical result is that the estimation of VTTV is derived mathematically independently of which measure that is chosen for the quantification of TTV.

  • 15.
    Andersson, Matts
    et al.
    WSP.
    Berglund, Moa
    WSP.
    Flodén, Jonas
    Göteborg University.
    Persson, Christer
    Royal Institute of Technology.
    Waidringer, Jonas
    Chalmers.
    A method for measuring and valuing transport time variability in logistics and cost benefit analysis2017In: Research in Transport Economics, ElsevierArticle in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The freight transport system is subject to delays and disturbances, which influence investment and planning decisions made by governments and infrastructure authorities. Traditionally relying on Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) they are dependent on correct and up-to-date input data. So far, little success has been reached in estimating the effects of disturbances for freight.

    This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of disturbances in freight transport by reviewing and classifying the effects occurring due to transport time variability (TTV) and to suggest a calculation model to estimate the value of transport time variability (VTTV). In order to validate the model and its usability it was successfully tested in a case study for a large Swedish retail company.

    The effects of delays can be divided into four main types: System Killers, Catastrophic Events, Expected Risks, and Contingencies, of which the last two are relevant for VTTV. The model applies these in a two-step cost function with a fixed and variable part, building on previous studies of VTVV for passenger transport based on the scheduling utility approach. A main theoretical result is that the estimation of VTTV is derived mathematically independently of which measure that is chosen for the quantification of TTV.

  • 16.
    Andersson, Niklas
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Henriksson, Sofie
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Retuprocessen ur återförsäljarnas perspektiv: En fallstudie på Volvo Cars Global Customer Service2018Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Processing and managing automotive parts have increased in recent years, and consequently increased the costs for companies. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the possibilities of optimizing the spare parts return process within the car industry. This thesis was carried out at Volvo Cars Global Customer Service, and thus limited the investigation on how their resellers of spare parts acknowledged the process in its entirety. The study was conducted by analysing the current situation, including interviews with representatives from Volvo’s sales department and other companies within the same industry. The aim of the study was to specifically identify areas of the return process, which could be more efficient. Furthermore, concrete improvements were then presented as solutions to the identified weak points. The following results obtained from the study shows, in some cases, that the return process is considered as very complicated. Moreover, there is a noticeable dissatisfaction amongst retailers regarding the system, which manages the return of spare parts. The opinion of many retailers is that it takes to much time to investigate and work beforehand instead of approving returns and then checking. The results yielded in this thesis shows the importance on how the proposed improvements can facilitate retailers, and, in long term, reduce the lead times for a more efficient process.

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  • 17.
    Andersson, Roy
    et al.
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Månsson, Bo
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Yar Hamidi, Daniel
    University of Borås, School of Business and IT.
    Resilience in the supply and demand chain a new management strategy2012Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The length and complexity of the supply chain tend to increase, rather than diminish, thereby making the supply chain riskier and less predictable and, hence, more vulnerable. At the same time, customers are becoming increasingly demanding. The challenge to businesses today is to create a resilient supply chain in order to manage and mitigate risk and vulnerability. The purpose of this paper is to describe the use methods and tolls from quality and logistics can improve supply chain resilience. There are five principles that characterise supply chain resilience: risk management culture, agility, design-and innovation-led organisations, collaboration and spreading and anchoring of the vision, goal, values and methods. Using a combined quality management philosophy, the speed of process could be increased, and the responsiveness and flexibility could be improved, which means quicker response to changes. It has also been indicated that a combined quality management philosophy improves the companies’ resilience, due to their increased agility and strengthened ability to handle variability and risk management. Quality management tools can be very effective in the companies’ efforts to control supply chain risk and to identify risk sources of variation, even outside the focal company.

  • 18.
    Anell, Nicklas
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Haverstal, Albin
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Sociala aspekter på en multikulturell byggarbetsplats: Arbetsmiljö & säkerhet2017Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The report is written in collaboration with H2 Entreprenad AB and focuses on the workenvironment with foreign subcontractors on the Swedish labor market in the constructionindustry. A comprehensive literature study has been done and completed with an interviewstudy.The construction industries production rate is at levels equal to the days of the millionprogram in the 60s and 70s. 710 000 new homes are needed between 2015 and 2025according to Boverket. With such pressure on the construction industry, companies havedifficulty in obtaining labor. This is one of the reasons why posted workers have increasedsignificantly in Sweden in recent years.The foreign labor force gives access to new skilled labor, which is usually cheaper. However,the requirements of management of foreign subcontractors taken in are increasingsignificantly, leading to enlarged costs. The risk of a foreign worker being injured in aSwedish workplace is also 36 % higher, and the risk of dying is four times the size of aSwedish. This means that a greater focus on a functioning work environment is needed, whichwill operate despite language barriers.The social and cultural differences are analyzed and processed in the report, how hierarchiesand guidance for professional workers are done in a comparison between Swedish and foreignsubcontractors.

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  • 19.
    Askemar, Hanna
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Sensors for ventilation: evaluation of low-cost indoor air quality sensors measuring volatile organic compounds and particulate matter2022In: Indoor Air Proceedings, International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate , 2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study evaluates the accuracy of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and particle matter(PM) sensors marketed for ventilation purposes. VOC sensors were tested using knownconcentrations of VOC-gases, according to ISO 16 000-29. Further, PM sensors together witha reference instrument were exposed to aerosols originating from cigarette smoke, salt and oil.Results show that all tested VOC sensors do not respond to all test gases. Also, two copies ofthe same VOC sensor do not give the same output. PM sensors generally measure lowerconcentrations compared to the reference instrument and show higher accuracy for PM10 thanfor PM1 and PM2.5. Although the results seem discouraging, several of the sensors respondto changes in concentrations and thus might have the potential to be used for ventilationcontrol. Further, the results imply that using the sensors for purpose of determining ormeasuring the indoor air quality (IAQ) is not possible.

  • 20. Axelson, Mats
    et al.
    Nagy, Agnes
    University of Borås, School of Engineering.
    Träkonstruktioner EK5 Materialegenskaper och dimensioneringsregler för balkar, pelare och förband2011Book (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Standarden Eurokod 5 är gällande dimensioneringsstandard sedan januari 2011. Denna handbok innehåller en samling av formler och tabeller för materialegenskaper och dimensionering av träkonstruktioner enligt Eurokod 5. I skriften behandlas både brottkraven som ställs på bärande konstruktioner och funktionskraven såsom nedböjning. Spik- och skruvförband, dimensioneringsformler och minimikrav presenteras följt av en samling av praktiska övningar med lösningsförslag. Handboken framställdes i samarbete mellan Högskolan i Borås och SP Trätek.

  • 21.
    Azar, Kaihan
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Abusetta, Seif Abdulhaziz
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Återbruk av prefabricerade betongbalkar: Hållfasthetsegenskaper av 60 år gamla prefab betongbalkar2023Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates if it is possible to reuse 60 year old beams that are currently used as roofbeams in the Viskaholm warehouse building in Borås. The study is linked to the urban development project Västerbro, where it is planned to demolish the warehouse building and build new housing instead. The beams that were investigated in the study are precast prestressed concrete beams.

    The goal of the study is to find out how the beams would have been dimensioned according to Swedish National Board of Housing’s Construction Regulations BKR. Then check whether the- load-bearing capacity of the beams meets today’s standards according to the EurocodeEKS12/EC2 for high-performing prestressed concrete beams. This with the aim of investigating whether it is possible to reuse 60 years old precast concrete beams in new construction.

    The beams were dimensioned, and factory cast in the 1960s in accordance with the Swedish building code Byggnadsstadga 1960 (BABS 60). Construction drawings for the beams are missing and there is a lack of data for the dimensioning of prestressed concrete beams according to BABS 60. Because of this, the beams have been dimensioned in accordance with Swedish National Board of Housing’s Construction Regulations BKR which applied in 1995. The book Building Construction 3 by Bengt Langesten has been used as guide for dimensioning of the beams. The the load-bearing capacity of the beams has then been calculated according to Eurocode 2, to check whether they meet toady’s load-bearing requirements.

    The results of the study have shown that the moment and shear force capacity of the beams can bear the maximal moment and shear force. However, these beams do not contain minimum reinforcement because it was not required by BKR. But according to Eurocode 2, the beams must contain minimum reinforcement even if their shear force capacity can bear the maximal shear force.

    Based on the results, it is concluded that the beams can bear both the maximal moment and shear force. But in order for the beams to be reused today, the minimum reinforcement required by EC2 must be compensated in some way.

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  • 22.
    Backlund, Erik
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Liberg, Henrik
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Karlsson, Malte
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Klimatreducerad betong med slagg: Inverkan av accelererande tillsatsmedel2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Concrete is the world's most widely used building material and a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions. It is primarily the production of cement in concrete that contributes to these emissions. Globally, cement production is the third-largest contributor to carbon dioxide emissions, accounting for 8 % of the world's emissions. Therefore, there is considerable interest in reducing the amount of cement in concrete to achieve lower climate impact. One way to do this is by partially replacing cement with other supplementary materials with cement-like properties, such as slag. The main challenge with this approach is that it extends the curing time of the concrete.

    This work is conducted in collaboration with RISE to assist Hedareds Sand and Betong in transitioning to climate-enhanced concrete in their precast elements. To achieve this, the curing time in the climate-enhanced concrete must be reduced. This study aims to investigate whether accelerating admixtures can shorten the curing time in slag concrete. Two experimental methods were used to investigate this: isothermal calorimetry and casting with pressure testing.

    The results from isothermal calorimetry showed that the accelerator Master X-Seed 140 had the shortest induction period and significantly higher heat flow than the reference sample. The results from casting showed that the tested concrete reached a compressive strength of 29,73 MPa after 24 hours, which is 62,5 % higher than the reference sample without accelerator and clearly exceeds the requirement of 16 MPa after 24 hours.

    The conclusion drawn from this work was that the accelerator demonstrated a very good effect on compressive strength and provides expanded opportunities for using climate-enhanced concrete in the precast industry.

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  • 23.
    Badeie, Arash
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Sarwari, Morsal
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Sincar, Sally
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Arbetsmiljö och säkerhet på byggarbetsplatser2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Workers in the construction industry are twice as likely to have accidents compared to other industries. There are gaps between safety and the working environment that must be remedied to achieve the “nollvision” (“zero vision”) objective so that no one is injured or dies in the workplace. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the causes of the high number of accidents in the construction industry and to examine the behavior and attitude of employees towards safety of the work environment.

    The literature study showed the measures authorities have undertaken such as introduction of work environment laws and regulations to reduce the risks for work related accidents. In addition, penalty fees are assigned for any violation against rules and there are requirements for companies to carry out evaluations of the safety of their work environment. Due to these measures, the rate of accidents has declined. Furthermore, the interview studies showed the safety and environmental work’s routines, as well as attitude, behavior and communication were examined among the employees.

    Stress, driven by the project’s budget, was a risk factor for incidence of accidents. Another significant risk factor is the individual's attitude and behavior towards work environment safety and safety work, where the risk for accidents is created by neglecting the use of safety equipment and safety routines. Furthermore, foreign employees and subcontractors with different views of safety have inherent risk for accidents.

    The market of construction companies should be fair to minimize the negative impact of financial competition on safety of employees and the penalty fees should be increased in case of any violations against the safety rules. Furthermore, managers can influence the safety behavior of their employees by wearing protective equipment themselves and giving positive feedback. Instead of implementing more laws, rules and/or routines, the construction industry should improve and effective the way these regulations are communicated and provide continuous information about the security system in order to raise safety awareness among employees.

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    Arbetsmiljö och säkerhet på byggarbetsplatser
  • 24.
    Bashouri, Ibrahim Mosaef
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Bashouri, Moatasem Bellah
    Återanvändning av betongslam som ersättning för ballast och cement2023Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The thesis has been carried out in collaboration with Swerock and Temakon. The goal is to recycle the sludge that arises during concrete production in factories. Eleven casting tests have been carried out in the university's laboratory to evaluate which is the best way to recycle the sludge, as a replacement for aggregate in a newly manufactured concrete or as a replacement for cementin the concrete. The compressive strength for the casting tests was examined at 7 and 28 days, and the workability was tested by slump and slump flow measurements. The two properties will be compared with the properties of the reference concrete. Grinding tests have been partially carried out at Temakon's laboratory under the supervision of Thomas Magnusson and at the university's own laboratory. The result showed that for the sludge as a cement substitute, we have obtained equivalent and even better compressive strength and workability in comparison with the reference concrete that has been obtained by Ulf Knutsson at Swerock. Castings where the slurry used was wet slurry, the compressive strength was significantly better than reference concrete, however, the workability was a little tough when worked.

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  • 25.
    Björkmyr, Efraim
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Leveransplaneringssystem: Vilka utvecklingsmöjligheter finns med leveransplaneringssystem inom bygglogistik2023Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The construction sector is now making significant progress in logistics solutions, with great focus in recent years being devoted to construction logistics and how logistics management affects the outcome of construction projects. Logistics tools are being developed to better serve the operations carried out on construction sites. The study examines the benefits of a delivery management system on construction projects and the user experience of the system. The purpose of the study is to investigate the areas where a delivery planning system is most useful and where its shortcomings and development opportunities lie.

    An abductive method with sub-elements consisting of a literature study and an interview study is used for the study. The literature study uses information from research on logistics, construction logistics, third-party logistics, and digitization in the construction industry. Four interviews have been conducted with industry professionals in construction logistics.

    The study shows that logistics planning needs to be initiated early in the construction process. The logistics plan needs to be maintained and all contractors on the project need to follow the same logistics plan to achieve order and organization. Today, many logistical problems on construction sites are solved with temporary organizations. Material flow needs to be better planned and delivered in close proximity to final assembly, to avoid the risk of the construction site becoming a storage site. There are opportunities for improvement with increased traceability of material flow linked to third-party logistics. A tracking function that informs when goods deviate from the planned route provides the opportunity to influence the work tasks on the construction site at an earlier stage. With good structure in construction logistics, there are good conditions for achieving profitability with lower carbon dioxide emissions for various types of construction projects.

     

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  • 26.
    Bliander, Malin
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Nyström, Viktor
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    En studie för en förbättrad besiktningsprocess inom bostadsproduktion2017Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Within the construction industry, inspections of the construction are made to secure that thequality and its functions are accurate according to the demands from the purchaser of theproject. This study examines different tools that can be helpful to use in order to secure a lowrange of inspection remarks to achieve an improved inspection process within the constructionindustry. To investigate how and where an improvement can be made, a survey of inspectionremarks were performed. The survey was supplemented by an interview to gain employersaspect on how Skanska could achieve an improved inspection process. Skanska has recentlyintroduced a new routine of the inspections, with the purpose of reducing the number of remarksand getting satisfied customer.The effect of the new routine has been studied and the result shows that Skanska is not far fromreaching the goal, however improvements can still be made. The new routine provides a betteropportunity to locate the remarks earlier in the construction process and there for more time torepair the remarks is gained. Thus there will be fewer remarks on the final inspection eventhough the overall numbers of remarks during the whole inspection process will remain thesame.Both the survey and interview manifested the areas where focus should be directed in order toimprove the inspection process. The contributing factors to the results are discussed andproposals for improvements are presented.This study will hopefully contribute to an understanding for the inspection process within theconstruction industry. Also bring understanding for the reasons why construction often gets alarge number of inspection remarks and how they could be avoided.

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  • 27.
    Borgare, Clara
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Johansson, Ebba
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Kolfiberförstärkning: undersökning av kolfiberlameller i byggbranschen2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Reinforcement with carbon fiber composites has in recent decades taken on a significant rolein the construction industry and is used to strengthen existing structures and facilities. Insituations where a structure has been weakened, for example by an accident or by increasing the requirements for the building's carrying capacity, it can lead to the application of carbonfibre reinforcement. At present, there is a current problem regarding carbon fiber material testing, which generates difficulties for further establishment of the material. There are also no clear standards for testing and dimensioning carbon fiber. In collaboration with the construction company Stiba AB, carbon fiber slats are tested, investigated and compared in this study.

    The study is based on two methods, a market-research and a testing part. The testing part is based on the standard SS-EN ISO 527-1, where carbon fiber slats from selected manufacturers have been tested. The materials were tested on tensile strength and elasticity module. The market-research resulted in the same quality for the producers. The results of thetrials showed some uncertainty in the testing method as the tensile strength could not be determined, yet the elasticity module gave satisfactory results. Furthermore, the examination was compared and discussed with the market investigation. The values varied and it was concluded that further trials should be carried out in order to obtain an assured result.

  • 28.
    Burrows, Michel
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Projektering och energieffektivisering av värme- och ventilationssystem för ett flerbostadshus vid Vänern2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A property with several apartments located in the small village of Otterbäcken in Gullspång municipality has burned down. The property will be rebuilt in accordance with Boverket buildings rules BBR and the requirements that are relevant for 2021.The diploma project has been a collaboration between the University of Borås and the consulting company Energi Triangeln AB located in the city of Gothenburg. As part of the project a re-design of the heating and ventilation system of the property will be carried out using two different simulation programs used when designing buildings. The first program is MagiCad from the company Autodesk. In this program drawings are made of the building including the drawings of the heating and ventilation systems. The second program is more focused at energy balances and energy efficiency calculation of the property. You get the energy performance of the property. The translated name is “Heat balances in a duration diagram”. The program is developed by a consulting company connected to Chalmers University of Technology named “Chalmers Industrial Technology”, CIT.

    The original technical solution for the ventilation in the building before it burned down was a system not using any fans. When rebuilding the house, the design of the ventilation system includes the comparison of two modern system both using extraction fans for forcing spent air to leave the building. The first alternative uses both a supply fan and exhaust fan with a heat exchanger for heat recovery of the heat in the exhaust ventilation duct. This system is used together with a heat pump taking heat from the ground. The second technical solution of ventilation system uses an exhaust fan in connection to a heat pump. That is a system where the heat recovery of the heat in the exhaust duct is recovered in the heat pump instead of extracting heat from the ground as in alternative one. Alternative two has no centralized intake of ventilation air, instead fresh air is coming into the apartments below windows in the sleeping rooms and living room of the apartments through individual ducts.

    By using the program energy performance program “BV2”, two different cases were calculated and expressed in specific energy consumption of both electricity and heat using the unit kWh/m2, per year. This means that the property which was designed with both an exhaust and a supply fan (and heat exchanger) for ventilation of the building and for the design with an exhaust air fan only but using a heat pump for heat recovery from the exhaust air, these two cases can be compared. To be able to carry out this project, it was necessary, among other things there was a need to access proper building drawings of the property that is being built and projected.

    The purpose and main objectives of the project are fulfilled.

    Furthermore, as a continuation of the course called “Computed Aided Design, (CAD), for buildings, the design of secondary heating, domestic hot and cold water and sewage water was carried out using MagiCad. The method used to carry out this project was to use the drawings of the building, measure the area of the shell, windows, doors, roofs and floor of the building and by using the second simulation program BV2 to be able to calculate the energy required of the building.

    The result of the degree project states that the choice of a geothermal heat pump with a heat exchanger for heat recovery between the exhaust duct and the duct with incoming fresh air provides the best alternative from an energy performance perspective. You consume fewer kilowatt hours to be able to cover the heating demand in the building. If you choose a geothermal heat pump with a heat recovery using only a heat exchanger the saving in purchased electricity to be able to satisfy the property´s energy demand is approximately 12 527 kWh/ electricity annually. which with a common electricity price in Sweden, (of 1.19 crowns/kWh) provides approximately 14 900 Swedish crowns per year in savings of purchased electricity for heat production.

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    Projektering och energieffektivisering av värme- och ventilationssystem för ett flerbostadshus vid Vänern
  • 29.
    Bäckman, Therese
    et al.
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Erhag, Thomas
    Flodén, Jonas
    Malmberg, Lars-Göran
    Meiling, Pär
    Nuldén, Urban
    Pessi, Kalevi
    Sallander, Ann-Sophie
    Woxenius, Johan
    Säkrare transporter av farligt gods – Ett förslag till nollvision: Sammanfattning från ett forskningsprojekt2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Säkra transporter av farligt gods på väg och järnväg är en synnerligen komplex aktivitet i skärningen mellan juridik, teknologi, logistik, ekonomi, organisation, och individ. Graden av komplexitet ökar med frågor om styrning, säkerhet, miljöhänsyn, hållbarhet, fysisk planering, och konkurrens. Planering av forskningsarbetet, datainsamling och analys har skett i en tvärvetenskaplig kontext där forskare från juridik, logistik, informatik, och miljövetenskap deltagit. Exempel på frågeställningar som har studerats inom ramen för projektet är säkerhetsrådgivarens roll och funktion, problem och brister i transportkedjan, vilka aktörer som är involverade i transportkedjan och hur trafikpolisen utför sina operativa kontroller av transport av farligt gods. Vidare har projektet resulterat i nya forskningsfrågor att undersöka och analysera i framtiden. Det handlar bl.a. om hur våra urbana miljöer ska kunna utvecklas och möta utmaningar kopplade till transport av farligt gods. Detta presenteras närmare i ”case Älvstaden”. Studierna av regelverken som styr transporter av farligt gods, logistiska begrepp och principer som bidrar till ökad precision avseende en nomenklatur, och transportkedjan som informationsmiljö, utgör exempel som är mer teoretiskt grundade i de olika disciplinerna. På en övergripande nivå är detta ett viktigt komplement till de empiriska avsnitten och en förutsättning för att kunna tydliggöra komplexiteten i projektet. Denna kortare rapport återger viktiga resultat i projektet, och den utgör sammanfattning av en längre slutrapport som publiceras hos MSB hösten 2021. I den längre rapporten, Säkrare transporter av farligt gods genom transparent informationshantering och samverkan, återfinns nulägesbeskrivningar med tillhörande publikationer som utgör ett mer samlat resultat av projektmedlemmarnas ansträngningar. För att nå målbilden om säkra transporter samlas de viktigaste resultaten från projektet i en lista med åtgärdsförslag. Dessa förslag omfattar områden som vi anser har särskilt god potential för utveckling och ett urval av sådana åtgärdsförslag finns med i denna slutrapport.

  • 30.
    Bäckman, Therese
    et al.
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Erhag, Thomas
    Flodén, Jonas
    Malmberg, Lars-Göran
    Meiling, Pär
    Nuldén, Urban
    Pessi, Kalevi
    Sallander, Ann-Sophie
    Woxenius, Johan
    Säkrare transporter av farligt gods genom transparent informationshantering och samverkan: Slutrapport från ett forskningsprojekt2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Farligt gods kan definieras som de ämnen och föremål som kan orsaka skada på människor, miljö och egendom om de inte hanteras på rätt sätt under transport. I förhållande till den mängd farligt gods som transporteras i Sverige inträffar förhållandevis få allvarliga olyckor. Däremot inträffar en incident med farligt gods nästan varannan dag i Sverige. Syftet med projektet är att bidra till att transporter av farligt gods kan genomföras på ett så säkert, men ändå ändamålsenligt, sätt som möjligt. Utgångspunkten är att identifiera styrkor och svagheter längs transportkedjan för att olyckor med transport av farligt gods ska kunna undvikas. Inom projektet har information och kunskap samlats in direkt från privata och offentliga aktörer i transportkedjan eller med koppling till kedjan. Detta har skett genom intervjuer, möten, fältstudier, studiebesök, workshops och konferenser samt indirekt genom bland annat litteraturgenomgångar, studier av media och regelanalyser med stöd av juridisk metod. Undersökningarna har, förutom denna rapport, resulterat i ett flertal publikationer, såsom exempelvis vetenskapliga artiklar, böcker och konferensbidrag samt olika typer av presentationer. Den kanske viktigaste kunskapsspridningen har dock skett genom en nära dialog med avnämare och genom ett ömsesidigt lärande. I denna rapport återges viktiga resultat från projektet. I kap. 2-7 återfinns en nulägesbeskrivning med tillhörande publikationer som utgör ett samlat resultat av undersökningarna som utförts under projektets gång. Nulägesbeskrivningen omfattar en beskrivning och analys av följande: • transportkedjan vid transport av farligt gods (kap. 2) • transportkedjan som en informationsmiljö (kap. 3) • regelverken rörande transport av farligt gods (kap. 4) • säkerhetsrådgivare för transport av farligt gods (kap. 5) • tillsyn för säkrare transporter av farligt gods (kap. 6) • problem och brister i transportkedjan (kap. 7) Kapitlen utgör ett underlag för att kunna formulera de åtgärdsförslag som presenteras i kap. 8. I det avslutande kap. 9 ges en utblick mot framtidens utmaningar. Det ska poängteras att det inte finns ett enda specifikt problem inom området för transport av farligt gods, utan det föreligger flera olika problem. Dessa problem kan enskilt eller i samverkan med varandra leda till risker som påverkar säkerheten negativt vid transport av farligt gods. Det är därför viktigt att riskerna minimeras, till fördel för ökad säkerhet. Det finns dock inte en enda lösning eftersom området är komplext med många aktörer och omfattande och detaljerade regelverk. Vi presenterar åtta åtgärdsområden som vi menar är särskilt viktiga och introducerar en målbild som består av en nollvision för olyckor, incidenter och tillbud vid transport av farligt gods. Nollvisionen preciseras i kap. 8. De aktuella åtgärdsområdena presenteras i kap. 8 och utgörs av: • Ökad medvetenhet • Ändamålsenliga regelverk • Rätt kompetens • Stärkt säkerhetsrådgivarroll • Informationstillgång • IT-system med samverkansförmåga • Synliggörande av dolt farligt gods • Effektiv tillsyn och kännbara konsekvenser Åtgärdsområdena innehåller en tillhörande problematisering för att sätta området i sitt sammanhang. Varje åtgärdsområde omfattar även en delvision som visar på vad just det området kan bidra med för att nå nollvisionen som framförs i projektet. Vidare ges exempel på konkreta åtgärdsförslag som har kunnat identifieras genom forskningen i projektet. Dessa åtgärdsförslag har särskilt god potential att kunna bidra till säkrare transporter av farligt gods.

  • 31.
    Carlsson, Jenny
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Intressentdialog och väsentlighetsanalys på Wästbygg: Hållbarhetsredovisning enligt det internationella ramverket GRI, Global Reporting Initiative2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Kraven från omvärlden om att företag ska ta ett aktivt ansvar för ett hållbart samhälle ökar hela tiden. Företagen ansvarar inte längre bara för att generera en god avkastning till sina aktieägare utan också för att agera för en hållbar utveckling. EU-direktivet som kom 2014 med krav på hållbarhetsredovisning i medlemsländerna införlivades i svensk lag den 1 december 2016 med start för räkenskapsåret 2017. Hållbarhetsredovisningen ska redogöra för hur företag arbetar med miljö, mänskliga rättigheter, sociala förhållanden och motverkande av korruption. Detta berör alla större företag i Sverige som för vart och ett av de två senaste räkenskapsåren uppfyller två av tre kriterier att ha överstigit; 350 miljoner kronor (40 miljoner Euro) i nettoomsättning, medeltalet anställda med 250 och en balansomslutning på 175 miljoner kronor (20 miljoner Euro). Wästbygg är ett entreprenad- och projektutvecklingsbolag som bygger och utvecklar logistikanläggningar, kommersiella fastigheter och bostäder. Företaget växer stadigt och har idag cirka 230 anställda. Nettoomsättningen uppnår till drygt 2 miljarder kronor. Inom de närmaste åren kommer man enligt lagen att behöva hållbarhetsredovisa. Syftet med magisteruppsatsen är att hjälpa Wästbygg att genomföra en intressentdialog och väsentlighetsanalys som är det inledande steget i en hållbarhetsredovisning enligt det internationella ramverket GRI. Resultatet ska visa på vilka hållbarhetsfrågor som intressenterna anser ska högst prioriteras och adresseras av Wästbygg. Detta kommer ligga till grund för Wästbyggs första hållbarhetsredovisning med ramverket GRI. Intressentdialogen genomfördes under våren 2017 genom webbaserad enkät, personliga intervjuer och dialog med blivande byggingenjörsstudenter. I väsentlighetsanalysen framkom det enhälligt att intressenterna anser att sociala aspekten hälsa och arbetsmiljö bör vara den högst prioriterade frågan för Wästbygg. Redan idag är frågan prioriterad då Wästbygg är ISO-certifierade enligt standarden för arbetsmiljö: OHSAS 18001. Andra hållbarhetsfrågor som intressenterna anser bör prioriteras av Wästbygg är de ekologiska aspekterna; utfasning av miljö- och hälsofarliga byggnadsmaterial och energieffektiva byggnader och byggarbetsplatser samt sociala aspekten etik och antikorruption.

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  • 32.
    Carlsson, Linus
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Ragnarsson, Niklas
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Energibalansberäkning för nybyggnad: Identifiering av avvikelser från primärenergiberäkning för flerbostadshus2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Gräshoppan 13 is an apartment building located in Borås. The property has been followed up by energy consulting company Aktea AB on behalf of the property owner Willhem in order to environmentally certify the building as GreenBuilding. The primary calculation performed by Isover showed that the property was expected to consume 34 kWh/m2, year. Akteas follow-up after two years resulted in the property consuming 45.2kWh/m2, year, which does not enable certification according to GreenBuilding where the requirements are 41.3kWh/m2, year, that is 25 % lower than the requirements from Boverkets building regulations, BBR.

    The following report discusses and analyzes the possible sources of error as to why the estimated energy consumption performed by Isover is not met. The system solution for domestic hot water, which has been assumed by Akteas energy consultant Jonas Pettersson to be the most contributing factor, is mainly examined. This is because Isover calculated the energy consumption for domestic hot water to be 6kWh/m2, year when the actual outcome resulted in an energy consumption of 18.2kWh/m2, year.

    A control calculation of Isover energy balance calculation was made, however without full access to Isovers calculations input. The calculation gave a similar result (Isover 34kWh/m2, year, control calculation 35kWh/m2, year). This was done to exclude errors in Isovers energy balance calculation and to strengthen Akteas assumptions regarding the system solution for the domestic hot water.

    A pressure test in one of the apartments in the property was carried out to check, which can be an indicator of, the construction quality of the property. The test printing showed that the property maintains a good air tightness (0.23 l/sm2) and does not negatively affect the property's energy consumption. This test also confirms Akteas assumption that there are no energy losses due to leaks.

    The system solution for the domestic hot water required more energy than calculated because the accumulator tank in the system proved difficult to maintain an even temperature. This means that a water heater with an immersion heater needs to work harder for the domestic hot water to keep BBR's requirements at 55 ℃. Why the accumulator tank has difficulty maintaining an even temperature is believed to be that the volume is too small and is affected too much by large water drains in the property. The fact that the heat pump is not optimally set can also be a contributing factor.

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    Energibalansberäkning för nybyggnad – Identifiering av avvikelser från primärenergiberäkning för flerbostadshus
  • 33. Chen, Kaile
    et al.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    Carrero, Juan-Jesus
    Fernandez-Llatas, Carlos
    Seoane, Fernando
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare.
    Process mining and data mining applications in the domain of chronic diseases: A systematic review2023In: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, ISSN 0933-3657, E-ISSN 1873-2860, Vol. 144, article id 102645Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The widespread use of information technology in healthcare leads to extensive data collection, which can be utilised to enhance patient care and manage chronic illnesses. Our objective is to summarise previous studies that have used data mining or process mining methods in the context of chronic diseases in order to identify research trends and future opportunities. The review covers articles that pertain to the application of data mining or process mining methods on chronic diseases that were published between 2000 and 2022. Articles were sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 71 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Based on the literature review results, we detected a growing trend in the application of data mining methods in diabetes research.

    Additionally, a distinct increase in the use of process mining methods to model clinical pathways in cancer research was observed. Frequently, this takes the form of a collaborative integration of process mining, data mining, and traditional statistical methods. In light of this collaborative approach, the meticulous selection of statistical methods based on their underlying assumptions is essential when integrating these traditional methods with process mining and data mining methods. Another notable challenge is the lack of standardised guidelines for reporting process mining studies in the medical field. Furthermore, there is a pressing need to enhance the clinical interpretation of data mining and process mining results.

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  • 34.
    Dahlberg, Jakob
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Mekanisk påverkan på förbindare i KL: Trä vid olika fukttillstånd – En experimentell studie med fokus på styrka, styvhet och duktilitet i ett enskärigt skjuvförband2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The construction of tall structures with low self-weight, often using CLT frames, presents challenges in stabilizing the building against horizontal loads, which generate lifting forces due to overturning moments. Wood's sensitivity to changes in ambient temperature and humidity affects the foundation's anchor ability to stabilize the building due to variations in the wood's mechanical properties. Eurocode 5, which addresses the design of connections in timber structures, needs to be developed to include models that more accurately describe the behavior of these connections.

    This thesis has investigated the behavior of a single-shear joint in cross-laminated timber (CLT) under various moisture conditions. Through a series of experimental tests, specimens were placed in different climate chambers to simulate varying moisture histories. Once the specimens reached moisture equilibrium at specific humidity levels, mechanical testing was conducted to evaluate the joint's load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and ductility. The results from the experimental tests were compared with current calculation models in Eurocode 5 to evaluate the standard's accuracy in predicting the mechanical behavior of joints under different moisture conditions.

    The study's results emphasize the importance of considering moisture conditions in the designing of joints in CLT. The results from the mechanical tests showed that a lower moisture content increases the strength and stiffness of the joints, while higher moisture content tended to decrease these properties. However, the tests revealed a greater variation in strength and stiffness under loading in dry environments. Strength and stiffness had an inverse relationship with ductility. It was evident that moisture migration within the material, whether drying or wetting, directly adversely affected the load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the joints. The moisture history also had a significant impact on the performance of the joints. Joints assembled in a dry moisture state exhibited better stiffness and load-bearing capacity compared to those assembled in a moist state when they had the same moisture condition during testing.

    Calculation models in Eurocode 5 are deemed to be sufficiently conservative. Although the models for single-shear steel-to-timber joints yield lower values than those obtained from the mechanical testing of samples. There is potential for improvement by adjusting or integrating moisture-related variables into these models. Conducting further experimental studies to investigate how moisture content and moisture history in CLT affect the mechanical properties of joints can refine and align the models closer to real test results.

    Since moisture content and moisture history affected the properties of the joints, the conclusion was drawn that the moisture level in wood is also crucial for how tall structures are stabilized against horizontal loads. Above normal humidity can significantly impair the capacity of joints. The placement of joints in areas particularly susceptible to moisture makes it crucial to protect these areas from moisture, both during construction and throughout the building's lifespan. Considering that climate change can lead to more extreme weather conditions, the impact of the surrounding climate on the ability of connections to stabilize high rise CLT buildings becomes an important future research area.

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  • 35.
    Darányi, Sándor
    University of Borås, Swedish School of Library and Information Science.
    Látvány és jelentés: Budapesti épuletszobrok elemzése és fejlödéstörténeti modellezése2007Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Davidsson, Christian
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Odgård, Carl
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Peterström, Emil
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Deformationsegenskaper hos slanka förbindare i trä och betong2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Just as other industries, the construction industry wishes to reduce its climate impact. By replacing traditional concrete flooring with composite action flooring, the used amount of cement can be reduced. To be able to reach longer spans it is necessary that the composite action between the components is as high as possible. The stiffness of the fastener is one crucial factor that has a large impact on the composite action.

    The purpose of this report is to examine the deformation properties of the connectors when fastened in wood and concrete, respectively. Increased knowledge in this area may lead to more efficient ways of designing composite action constructions.

    In this report, the location of the yield hinge was determined with models based on Johansens theories for nails in wooden structures as well as the theory of beams on elastic foundations. Compression tests were performed on several different connectors in concrete and wood to determine the foundation modulus and embedment strength. Tensile tests were performed on the same type of fasteners to determine the yield strength of each connector. Bending-tests on specimens made of wood and concrete with connectors anchored to them was used to verify if the calculation-models displayed a correct result. The specimens were then split in half and the location of the yield hinge was measured in two different ways. The necessary characteristics acquired from the tests were afterwards used in the calculations and compared to the obtained yield hinge.

    The results from the performed tests and calculations show that Johansens theories are applicable in ultimate limit state. They also show that when within ultimate limit state, the stress distribution in the material tends to be evenly distributed. The theory of beam on elastic foundation tends to work well when all materials are still acting linear-elastic. When this is the case, the stress distribution seems to be triangular. The results also show that whether the fastener is sharpened or not has an influence on the embedment strength as well as the foundation modulus of the wood.

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    Deformationsegenskaper hos slanka förbindare i trä och betong
  • 37.
    Demker, Filippa
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Gatuplansbolaget: Cirkulär fastighetsutveckling i praktiken2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This work is a continuation of the project “Framtidens kvarter” and its goal is to find out how a circular street level can be done. To find this out an interview study and a literature study was performed. The interviews were semi structured and done with six respondents from both the real estate owner sector and the commercial sector. The interviews were analyzed with a deductive method and sorted into different themes. The literature study was performed in Google Scholar and in Scopus to be able to search both wide and detailed. The result was analyzed after the themes that had been chosen, these were circular real estate development, circular business models and circular profiling. Circular real estate development was seen by the respondents in a way where you build with recycled and reused materials. The real estate owners considered it a possibility to rent out to circular actors but that it today not might be enough actors for it to carry. The sustainability malls on the other hand didn’t have any problems with attracting circular actors to their businesses. In the discussion it´s talked about that the economy is a big factor for the real estate owners when it comes to the renting of the premises. Therefore, they wonder about whether there are enough circular actors today that it´s possible to rent out to this group without risking vacancies. It was also discussed about what circular real estate development is and that the view today might need to be widened to also include the environmental impact of the operations. Something that is not as explored in the research that exits in the area.

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  • 38.
    Dessne, Karin
    University of Borås, Faculty of Librarianship, Information, Education and IT.
    Vägen till samarbete: Innovationsplattform Norrby och Textile Fashion Center2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Samarbete mellan organisationer som kan främja forskning och utveckling sker ofta i regional kontext mellan akademi, näringsliv och myndigheter. Två sådana regionala samarbeten för Borås återfinns som fallstudier i denna rapport: Innovationsplattform Norrby och Textile Fashion Center.

    Många studier kring samarbete har sin hemvist främst inom management och ekonomi där fokus ligger på att identifiera framgångskoncept för att styra, kontrollera och hantera samarbete. Kunskap ses som något som bör överföras till nytta för den enskilde aktören och lärande ses som en konsekvens av att systematiskt överföra kunskap mellan organisationer. Dessa studier har även konstaterat att det i samarbete över organisationsgränser bland annat finns skillnader i kulturer och rutiner, bristande tillit och bristande respekt av varandras kompetens. Hur dessa faktorer påverkar de sociala relationerna har dock inte studerats i någon större utsträckning. Färre är således de studier som i stället med sociala utgångspunkter undersöker lärande mellan organisationer när det gäller själva dynamiken i relationerna – särskilt på den operativa nivån. Det behövs mer kvalitativt inriktad forskning för att förstå samarbete som äger rum i sådana relationer för att på så sätt också få insikt i hur samarbete mellan organisationer kan skapas, underbyggas och utvecklas.

    Denna rapport presenterar en kvalitativ studie som undersöker hur relationer i ett samarbete mellan organisationer kan se ut och på vilka sätt organisationer kan skapa förutsättningar för att bygga samarbete utifrån ett socialt lärandeperspektiv. Studien har genomförts inom ramen för Collaboration Arenas, CARENA, ett större forskningsprojekt finansierat av Vinnova. I CARENA arbetade sex lärosäten tillsammans för att utveckla modeller eller arenor för strukturerat och långsiktigt samarbete. Förutom Högskolan i Borås medverkade högskolorna i Trollhättan, Skövde, Jönköping, Halmstad och Malmö.

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  • 39.
    Devda, V.
    et al.
    Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
    Chaudhary, K.
    Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
    Varjani, S.
    Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
    Pathak, B.
    School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
    Patel, A. K.
    Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
    Singhania, R. R.
    Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
    Taherzadeh, Mohammad J
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Ngo, H. H.
    Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Wong, J. W. C.
    Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
    Guo, W.
    Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
    Chaturvedi, P.
    Environmental Toxicology Group, Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
    Recovery of resources from industrial wastewater employing electrochemical technologies: status, advancements and perspectives2021In: Bioengineered, ISSN 2165-5979, E-ISSN 2165-5987, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 4697-4718Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the last two decades, water use has increased at twice the rate of population growth. The freshwater resources are getting polluted by contaminants like heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, organic waste, pathogens, fertilizers, and emerging pollutants. Globally more than 80% of the wastewater is released into the environment without proper treatment. Rapid industrialization has a dramatic effect on developing countries leading to significant losses to economic and health well-being in terms of toxicological impacts on humans and the environment through air, water, and soil pollution. This article provides an overview of physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove wastewater contaminants. A physical and/or chemical technique alone appears ineffective for recovering useful resources from wastewater containing complex components. There is a requirement for more processes or processes combined with membrane and biological processes to enhance operational efficiency and quality. More processes or those that are combined with biological and membrane-based processes are required to enhance operational efficiencies and quality. This paper intends to provide an exhaustive review of electrochemical technologies including microbial electrochemical technologies. It provides comprehensive information for the recovery of metals, nutrients, sulfur, hydrogen, and heat from industrial effluents. This article aims to give detailed information into the advancements in electrochemical processes to energy use, improve restoration performance, and achieve commercialization. It also covers bottlenecks and perspectives of this research area. 

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  • 40.
    Dimitroulopoulou, S.
    et al.
    Air Quality and Public Health, UK Health Security Agency, UK.
    Dudzińska, M. R.
    Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Poland.
    Gunnarsen, L.
    Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Denmark.
    Hägerhed, Linda
    Maula, H.
    Engineering and Business, Construction Industry, Built Environment Research Group, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland.
    Singh, R.
    Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, India, ISAC CBEP, New Delhi & Tathatara Foundation, India.
    Toyinbo, O.
    Civil Engineering Research Unit, The University of Oulu, Finland.
    Haverinen-Shaughnessy, U.
    Civil Engineering Research Unit, The University of Oulu, Finland; Indoor Air Program, The University of Tulsa, USA.
    Indoor air quality guidelines from across the world: An appraisal considering energy saving, health, productivity, and comfort2023In: Environment International, ISSN 0160-4120, E-ISSN 1873-6750, Vol. 178, article id 108127Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Buildings are constructed and operated to satisfy human needs and improve quality of life. Good indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort are prerequisites for human health and well-being. For their provision, buildings often rely on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, which may lead to higher energy consumption. This directly impacts energy efficiency goals and the linked climate change considerations. The balance between energy use, optimum IAQ and thermal comfort calls for scientifically solid and well-established limit values for exposures experienced by building occupants in indoor spaces, including homes, schools, and offices. The present paper aims to appraise limit values for selected indoor pollutants reported in the scientific literature, and to present how they are handled in international and national guidelines and standards. The pollutants include carbon dioxide (CO2), formaldehyde (CH2O), particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and radon (Rn). Furthermore, acknowledging the particularly strong impact on energy use from HVAC, ventilation, indoor temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH) are also included, as they relate to both thermal comfort and the possibilities to avoid moisture related problems, such as mould growth and proliferation of house dust mites. Examples of national regulations for these parameters are presented, both in relation to human requirements in buildings and considering aspects related to energy saving. The work is based on the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) guidelines database, which spans across countries and institutions, and aids in taking steps in the direction towards a more uniform guidance for values of indoor parameters. The database is coordinated by the Scientific and Technical Committee (STC) 34, as part of ISIAQ, the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate. 

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  • 41.
    Draki, Omar
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Larsson, Elina
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Minskning av träavfall i byggprojekt: En kvalitativ intervjustudieom hur träavfallet kan minskas i byggprojekt2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A significant section of Sweden's waste is generated by the construction industry, which accounts for about 40% of the country's total waste. Wood is a material that has been used fora long time but is a resource that requires greater attention. Even though wood is cheap to discard, there needs to be a higher focus on recycling and reusing it to avoid wasting the Earth's resources. The aim of the study is to investigate strategies to reduce the amount of wood waste in construction projects and to identify underlying causes and challenges to why wood waste should be reduced. The study was conducted in collaboration with the company Hansson Hus Entreprenad AB.

    The methods used in this study comprised literature reviews, case studies and qualitative interviews, with the interviews serving the means to address the research questions.

    The results revealed that there are challenges in regards to reducing wood waste in construction projects, such as lack of knowledge, limited time, and insufficient workplace facilities. A large portion of the wood generated on construction sites come from wooden plates, packaging, and production waste. There are possibilities to minimize the amount of wood waste on construction sites, but the challenges need greater focus for the minimization of untreated wood waste to be effective.

    The conclusion shows that there is potential to reduce the amount of untreated wood waste in the construction sector by creating effective planning methods and allocating time for material handling in the planning process to reduce environmental impact and contribute to economic benefits. Education and increased knowledge on the subject also need to be improved on-site to enable minimization.

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  • 42.
    Ebersson, Alexander
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Projektering av grupphusområde: VA-installationer och röranläggning2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report shows how the projection of water- and sewage installations and piping installations were done for a group house area being planned. Heat demand calculations for the buildings were performed, plans over the piping installation was established and dimensioned in accordance with industry rules and practices. The projection was done with computer programs and industry literature and resulted in four site layout plans over the grouphouse area in scale 1:200 and a flow chart.

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    PROJEKTERING AV GRUPPHUSOMRÅDE
  • 43.
    Ekeblom, Frida
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Lokal recirkulering av rivningsmaterial: Avfall som råvara i kvarteret Västerbro2022Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study is about recycling demolition materials in connection with the large-scale urban development project Västerbro, by Riksbyggen and Bostäder i Borås. A warehouse building from the 1960s occupies the site today, and the constructors wants to replace the old warehouse with new buildings. Through selective demolition, it is possible to recycle the brick facade and concrete frame and reuse in the construction of the new buildings.

    The purpose of this study is to estimate the climate benefit when using reused material from selective demolition, aiming to contribute as a fact base for making decisions regarding recirculated materials.

    The climate impact from the reuse of demolition material is calculated in a Life Cycle Assessment that compares five similar facade elements with varying amount of recycled and reused concrete aggregates, reused cleaned bricks, and reused cut brick element from existing facade. The calculation is based on a local scenario as the demolition takes place at the site where the new block is to be built and the facade element is a prefabricated sandwich element.

    Calculations show that selective demolition with reused cut brick elements from existing facades could save 28% greenhouse gas emissions compared to an equivalent facade element consisting of only primary raw materials.

    The studies presented in this report are linked to Västerbro's research project Framtidens kvarter- för en hållbar livsstil (roughly translated: The city block of the future- for a sustainable lifestyle) that has been studied through participation in recurring steering committee meetings, one workshop and through conversations and interviews with project participants.

    The study is also covered by a theoretical overview of the legislation and incentives that concern the recycling of construction and demolition materials and shows society's high ambitions to accelerate the transition to circular material flows. But the compilation also shows that laws and regulations provide great flexibility and that recycling of construction and demolition materials is largely based on voluntariness or the individual actor's vision and desire to build sustainably.

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  • 44.
    Ekwall, Daniel
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Cargo theft at non-secure parking locations2015In: International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, ISSN 0959-0552, E-ISSN 1758-6690, Vol. 432, no 1, p. 204-220Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the patterns of reported cargo thefts at

    non-secure parking facilities in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) with respect to stolen

    value, frequency, incident category, and modi operandi.

    Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on a system-theoretical approach that

    emphasizes on a holistic rather than an atomistic view. The research method used in this paper is

    deductive; the analysis is based on data obtained from the incident information service (IIS), a database

    of transport-related crimes from the Transported Asset Protection Association (TAPA) in the EMEA

    region. The results are analysed and discussed within a frame of reference based on supply chain risk

    management (SCRM) and criminology theories.

    Findings – We found that 97 per cent of all attacks during a stop occur at non-secure parking

    locations. Cargo thefts at these locations are more of a volume crime than high-value thefts. Seasonal

    variations were seen in these thefts, and the most common type was an intrusion on weekdays

    during winter.

    Research limitations/implications – This study is limited by the content of and the classifications

    within the TAPA EMEA IIS database.

    Practical implications – This paper is directly relevant to the current EU discussions regarding the

    creation of a large number of secure parking facilities in the region.

    Originality/value – This is one of the first papers in the field of SCRM that utilizes actual crime

    statistics reported by the industry to analyse the occurrence of cargo theft by focusing on the

    non-secure parking aspect in the transport chain.

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  • 45.
    Ekwall, Daniel
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Modi operandi for cargo theft in EMEA—A seasonality analysis2015In: Journal of Transportation Security, ISSN 1938-7741, Vol. 8, no 3-4, p. 99-113Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper identifies patterns and trends in cargo theft by analysing seasonal

    variations (by time of year and time of week) in the relationship between value

    (reported stolen value) and various reported modi operandi. This research is exploratory

    in nature; it is based on theories derived from criminology and logistics as well as

    secondary data related to cargo theft. For practical purposes, the research is geographically

    limited to EMEA; however, the frame of reference is applicable to the analysis of

    antagonistic threats to transport worldwide. Though patterns differ across categories,

    for some modi operandi, seasonal patterns are found across both months of the year and

    days of the week. Despite variations in hot spots, incident categories, stolen and

    endangered objects, and handling methods, the basic theoretical framework is generally

    applicable. This research is limited by the content and classificatory scheme of the TAPA

    EMEA IIS database. However, this is the best available database and it contains anonymous

    reports that are mainly from TAPA member companies that are in the industry itself.

  • 46.
    Ekwall, Daniel
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Brüls, Helmut
    FreightWatch International, Head of EMEA Intelligence.
    Wyer, Daniel
    Freightwatch International, EMEA Intelligence Analyst.
    Theft of pharmaceuticals during transport in Europe2015In: Journal of Transportation Security, ISSN 1938-7741, E-ISSN 1938-775X, Vol. 9, no 1, p. 1-16Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the scale of cargo theft in

    the European pharmaceutical supply chain in 2014. The study is based on a systemtheoretical

    approach which emphasises a holistic rather than atomistic view. The

    research in this paper is deductive and descriptive in its nature and aims to present a

    current description of theft of pharmaceuticals in a European perspective. This paper’s

    hypotheses on cargo theft have been developed from theories of criminology, for

    applicable use, to strengthen the scientific field of logistics. A survey was conducted

    in autumn 2014 whereby the respondents were asked to provide their opinions in

    relation to eleven questions. The survey was sent out to all major players in the

    European pharmaceutical sector – manufacturers and logistics providers specializing

    in pharmaceuticals. The survey captured more or less 80 % of the European pharmaceutical

    manufacturers' market share.We found that the current threats against European

    pharmaceutical transport are small in relative occurrence terms (relatively few attacks on

    a yearly basis compared to other product categories) but on an impact basis thefts of

    pharmaceuticals place as one of the top targets (value wise) for criminals. This research

    supports other sources that the current geographical hot spot for these thefts in Europe is

    in Italy. The top risks are rated as either robbery or theft from vehicle at unsecure parking

    areas. These two different modi operandi can be divided into one frequency related

    threat (theft from unsecure parking) and one impact related risk (robbery).

  • 47.
    Ekwall, Daniel
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Kovacs, Gyöngyi
    Hanken School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland.
    Trade wars, embargos and sanctions: Implications for supply chain management2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose

    The purpose of the study is to explore the logistics and SC effects linked to trade wars, embargos, and sanctions, or even other geopolitical events that effects and alters the current status quo of international trade and business relations. The paper also provides a research agenda for SCM on this basis.

    Design/methodology/approach

    This is a conceptual paper based on a system approach, which emphasizes a holistic view instead of the characteristics of the different parts. The paper revisits macro-economic and geopolitical developments and evaluates their impact on, and implications for supply chains.

    Findings

    The paper frames supply chains within macro-economic and geopolitical events and their development. It shows that causal relationships between acts of trade conflict to an actual and intended change in the trade between actors are weak, paradoxical, and non-linear. Outside of conflicts, changes to the rules and regulations in international business are slow and predictable, allowing for companies and their supply chains to adapt. Trade wars make the changes in trade regulations less predictable but they are also introduced at a much higher pace. This results in higher uncertainty for all involved actors. This also results in a new supply chain systemic behaviour, which is better understood as a complex system instead of the more traditional supply chain view of stable links and nodes.

    Originality/value

    The paper contributes to the understanding of geopolitical developments and their implications for supply chain management and develops a specific research agenda for supply chain management.

  • 48.
    Ekwall, Daniel
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Lantz, B.
    Chalmers.
    The moderating role of transport chain location in cargo theft risk2020In: The TQM Journal, ISSN 1754-2731, E-ISSN 1754-274X, Vol. 32, no 5, p. 1003-1019Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore cargo theft risk and security for different product types at different locations along a transport chain. Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on a system-theoretical approach. The research method is deductive, as the analysis is based on secondary data and results from a questionnaire. The results are analysed based on supply chain risk management (SCRM) theories. Findings: Due to substantial interaction effects, the type of product and transport chain location must be considered to determine the correct level of security. Specifically, the product type is more significant, since the general cargo theft risk is higher. Furthermore, the transport industry has three perspectives on security responses to cargo theft, namely, demanded, needed and actual security, which differ depending on the product type and transport chain location. Research limitations/implications: This database is structured according to the global Transported Asset Protection Association organisational structure, which implies that there are three main databases: Europe, Middle East and Africa, Americas, and Asia-Pacific. Practical implications: This study has both research and practical implications, as it examines security within freight transport from three perspectives, linked to general cargo theft risk and goods owners’ requirements. Originality/value: This study addresses the contemporary SCRM problem of cargo theft using actual crime statistics and the industry understanding of required generic security levels. © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited.

  • 49.
    Ekwall, Daniel
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
    Lantz, Björn
    Chalmers University of Technology.
    Cargo theft risk and security: product and location2017In: NOFOMA 2017 THE 29TH NOFOMA CONFERENCE: TAKING ON GRAND CHALLENGES / [ed] Daniel Hellström, Joakim Kembro, Hajnalka Bodnar, Lund, 2017Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose - The purpose of the study is to explore cargo theft risk and security for different product types at different locations along a transport chain. Design/methodology/approach - This study is based on a system-theoretical approach. The research method is deductive as the analysis is based on secondary data and results from a questionnaire. The results are analyzed based on supply chain risk management (SCRM) and criminology theories. Findings - Due to substantial interaction effects, the type of product and transport chain location must be considered to determine the correct level of security. Specifically, the product type is more significant since the general cargo theft risk is higher. Furthermore, the transport industry has three perspectives of security responses to cargo theft: demanded, needed, and actual security, which differ depending on the product type and transport chain location. Research limitations/implications - This study is limited by the content and classifications of the Transported Asset Protection Association (TAPA) of the Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) Incident Information Service (IIS) database as well as by the attendees of the 2015 TAPA EMEA Q4 conference. Practical implications - This paper has both research and practical implications as it studies security within freight transport from three perspectives as linked to general cargo theft risk and goods owners’ requirements. Originality/value - This paper addresses the contemporary SCRM problem of cargo theft using actual crime statistics and the industry understanding of generic required security levels.

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    fulltext
  • 50.
    Ekwall, Daniel
    et al.
    University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business. Supply Chain Management and Social Responsibility, Hanken School of Economics, 00101 Helsinki, Finland.
    Lantz, Björn
    Technology Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Seasonality of incident types in transport crime – Analysis of TAPA statistics2022In: Journal of Transportation Security, ISSN 1938-7741, E-ISSN 1938-775XArticle in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper examines weekly and annual seasonality in incident categories to find patterns and trends in transport crime globally, concerning the value of stolen goods, incident frequency and incident category. Secondary data is utilized to analyse a contemporary challenge in logistics and supply chain research, namely theft and robbery of goods during shipment. The research is based on the TAPA global IIS transport-related crime database. Incident frequencies and mean values are analysed primarily with chi-square tests and analyses of variance (ANOVAs). The results are analysed and discussed within a frame of reference consisting of theories from logistics and criminology. The main conclusion is that there is an annual as well as a weekly seasonality of most incident categories, but the patterns vary among incident categories. The results are primarily limited by the content and classification within the TAPA IIS database.

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    fulltext
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