Sweden with close to 50% renewables in the energy market is far ahead in the Europe Union. This development has been achieved via several active and long-term programs since 1980s. This presentation deals with some facts for this development and planning in the future. The environment and sustainability and their different aspects are public debates in Sweden in the last decade. The country has reduced its greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions to less than 5 tons equivalent CO2 per capita, which is less than the corresponding number for Iran and most of the developed countries. There are several factors resulted into lowering GHGs and increased use of the renewables. The political instruments and its interaction with the universities and expertise lead to defining measurable goals, long term (e.g. 10-years) plans and using the capacity of the universities, state and private companies, research institutes and other organizations in order to reach the goals. Renewable energies are produced from different sources. The non-recycling parts of the municipal and industrial wastes are combusted to electricity and district heat/chill for the households and commercial buildings; as well as biogas for fuel/heating/electricity. The first generation ethanol and biodiesel are on the fuel market, while the 2nd generation ethanol, DME, and methanol, hydrogen are considered in the pilot phases. Hydropower and micro-hydropower plants are across the country and used for electricity production. Wind power and solar cells are growing in the market. Geothermal energy is also used across the country for heating applications. The universities are part of this development. The research and development is usually carried out in research profiles including several disciplines in collaboration with the companies and other actors in the society. At university of Borås, one of these profiles is active on “Resource Recovery” which is about energy and material productions from waste materials and residuals, including technical and social aspects.