Wastes and residuals are undeniably part of human society. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is produced at more than 2,000,000,000 tons per year. The accumulation of these materials and the “throw-away philosophy” result in many environmental and health issues and safety hazard problems, and prevent sustainable development in terms of resource recovery and recycling of waste materials. Sweden has been one of the pioneers in waste management and resource recovery. In 2007, 96 % of MSW in Sweden was recycled, incinerated or biologically treated. Hence, the ultimate goal of the biotechnology group at University of Borås is to contribute to global sustainable development by producing knowledge on biological treatment of residuals, which leads to technological development. In other words, the group turns waste problems into business opportunities and wealth.