In a direct and somewhat provocative editorial in IJNS (43) pp. 923–927, Hallberg (2006) raises several challenges for nursing research if it is to provide useful evidence for health-care practice in both the short and the long term. We wish to offer a response to Hallberg’s challenges and to add support to her general call. In particular we wish to consider the challenges she poses in the wider context of caring science rather than the more limited perspective of nursing science. In the spirit of constructive debate we counter some of the claims made and indicate some areas for future direction which embrace a more epistemologically sound view of knowledge generation, which is methodologically sensitive to different research questions. This direction we believe is at the heart of what caring and nursing science is about.