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Bed Agglomeration Characteristics during Cocombustion of Animal Waste with Municipal Solid Waste in a Bubbling Fluidized-Bed Boiler: A Thermodynamic Modeling Approach
University of Borås, School of Engineering.
University of Borås, School of Engineering.
University of Borås, School of Engineering.
2014 (English)In: Energy & Fuels, ISSN 0887-0624, E-ISSN 1520-5029, Vol. 28, no 3, p. 2236-2247Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Description
Abstract [en]

ABSTRACT: Full-scale waste combustion tests showed that adding animal waste (AW) to municipal solid waste (MSW) prevented bed agglomeration, and the reason for this fi nding was not fully understood. This study uses thermodynamic modeling to investigate the composition of equilibrium products for two combustion scenarios: monocombustion of MSW (the reference case) and cocombustion of AW with MSW (the AW case). The modeling was performed using FactSage, and experimental data obtained during the full-scale combustion tests were used as input data for the calculations. The results of equilibrium modeling, together with information extracted from ternary phase diagrams, suggest higher bed temperature as the primary cause for formation of bed agglomerates in the reference case. In addition, melt-induced agglomeration is suggested as the bed agglomeration mechanism in this case. In the AW case, however, reduced bed temperature, as well as enriched calcium phosphate and sulfate in the bottom ashes are considered to signi fi cantly decrease the slagging tendency.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society , 2014. Vol. 28, no 3, p. 2236-2247
Keywords [en]
Resursåtervinning
National Category
Chemical Sciences
Research subject
Resource Recovery
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-1864DOI: 10.1021/ef402455hISI: 000333381200072Local ID: 2320/13716OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hb-1864DiVA, id: diva2:869942
Available from: 2015-11-13 Created: 2015-11-13 Last updated: 2017-12-01Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Ash Behavior in Fluidized-Bed Combustion and Gasification of Biomass and Waste Fuels: Experimental and Modeling Approach
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ash Behavior in Fluidized-Bed Combustion and Gasification of Biomass and Waste Fuels: Experimental and Modeling Approach
2016 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Over the past few decades, a growing interest in the thermal conversion of alternative fuels such as biomass and waste-derived fuels has been observed among the energy-producing companies. Apart from meeting the increasing demand for sustainable heat and power production, other advantages such as reducing global warming and ameliorating landfilling issues have been identified. Among the available thermal conversion technologies, combustion in grate-fired furnaces is by far the most common mode of fuel conversion. In recent years, Fluidized-Bed (FB) technologies have grown to become one of the most suitable technologies for combustion and gasification of biomass and waste-derived fuels.In spite of the benefits, however, some difficulties are attributed to the thermal conversion of the alternative fuels. Ash-related issues could be a potential problem, as low-grade fuels may include considerable concentrations of ash-forming elements such as K, Na, S, Ca, Mg, P, Si and Cl. These elements undergo many undesirable chemical and physical transformations during the thermal conversion, and often cause operational problems such as deposition-related issues, slag formation in furnaces, corrosion of the heat transfer surfaces, and bed agglomeration of the fluidized-beds. Ash-related problems in the utility boilers are a major concern that may result in decreased efficiency, unscheduled outages, equipment failures, increased cleaning and high maintenance costs.This thesis investigated the ash behavior and ash-related problems in two different FB conversion systems: a Bubbling Fluidized-Bed (BFB) boiler combusting solid waste, and a Dual Fluidized-Bed (DFB) gasifier using biomass as feedstock. Full-scale measurements, chemical analysis of fuel and ash, as well as thermodynamic equilibrium modeling have been carried out for the BFB boiler (Papers I-IV), to investigate the impact of reduced-bed temperature (RBT) and also co-combustion of animal waste (AW) on the ash transformation behavior and the extent of ash-related issues in the boiler. For the DFB gasifier (Paper V), a thermodynamic equilibrium model was developed to assess the risk of bed agglomeration when forest residues are used as feedstock.The experimental results showed that the RBT and AW co-combustion could decrease or even resolve the ash-related issues in the BFB boiler, resulting in a lower deposit-growth rate in the superheater region, eliminating agglomerates, and a less corrosive deposit (in RBT case). Thermodynamic equilibrium modeling of the BFB boiler gave a better understanding of the ash transformation behavior, and also proved to be a reliable tool for predicting the risk of bed agglomeration and fouling. The modeling of the DFB gasifier indicated a low risk of bed agglomeration using the forest residues as feedstock and olivine as bed material, which was in good agreement following the observations in a full-scale DFB gasifier.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Borås: Högskolan i Borås, 2016
Series
Skrifter från Högskolan i Borås, ISSN 0280-381X ; 78
Keywords
Fluidized-bed, combustion, gasification, waste-derived fuels, biomass, ash-related problems, deposit, fouling, slagging, bed agglomeration, thermodynamic equilibrium modeling
National Category
Environmental Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-9563 (URN)978-91-88269-14-0 (ISBN)978-91-88269-15-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2016-06-09, E310, University of Borås, Allégatan 1, Borås, 10:00 (English)
Available from: 2016-05-11 Created: 2016-04-08 Last updated: 2017-05-02Bibliographically approved

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Moradian, FarzadPettersson, AnitaRichards, Tobias

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