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Nedbrytning av plastskräp vid västkusten: En platsstudie avnedbrytningen efter 12 månader av vittring
University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
2024 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Degradation of plastic litter on the Swedish west coast : A study ondegradation after 12 months of weathering (English)
Abstract [sv]

Plast påverkar vårt samhälle i stor utsträckning och har hjälpt till att utveckla nya förbättringar och redskap i vår vardag. Trots alla bra egenskaper med plaster har några oönskade effekter kommit till ytan med negativ påverkan på miljön. Detta examensarbete undersökte hur plastmaterial bryts ned av vittring utanför den svenska västkusten. Plastmaterialen undersöktes med hjälp av Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) och Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) för att fastställa om kemisk nedbrytning sker efter 12 månader.

Följande frågor stod i fokus: Vilka plaster har brutits ned, och i vilken utsträckning? Hur har plastens egenskaper förändrats? Vilka förutsättningar har de olika plastmaterialen för nedbrytning på stränder, och vilka faktorer påverkar nedbrytningen?

Resultatet indikerade att liten eller ingen detekterbar nedbrytning skett på proverna efter 12 månaders vittring genom FTIR analys. Några prover visade dock tecken på förändring i de fysiska egenskaperna vid DSC analys, vilket kan beror på nedbrytning. Trots detta resultat fanns det synliga tecken på fragmentering, fysisk skada från stress och yttre krafter, såsom sand- och vågtumling för EPS (Styrofoam), LD-PE (Candy Paper) och PP (Blårep).

Fragmenteringens påverkan på havlsmiljön kunde dock inte bevisas i denna studie eftersom prover på sand eller vatten från området inte genomfördes. Detta gör att endast synliga indikationer på fragmentering var identifierbara, men inte bevisa att det bidragit till makro- eller mikroplaster i närmiljön.

Samtliga plastmaterial i studien innehöll någon form av tillsatts så som stabilisatorer. Eftersom endast små variationer förekommer i analysen av plastmateralen kunde det antas att tillsatserna och stabilisatorerna i materialen var effektiva i att hindra polymererna från nedbrytning under 12-månaders vittring.

Abstract [en]

Plastic has greatly impacted our society today and helped develop new improvements and implements in the daily lives. Despite all the good things, some undesirable impacts have also been discovered, which have been shown to impact the climate negatively.

This thesis was to investigte how plastic degrades when weathered outside the  Swedish West Coast. The plastic materials were analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine whether degradation had occurred after 12 months.

The following questions were at focus: What plastics have been degraded, and if so, which to the greatest extent? How have the properties of the plastic changed? What were theprerequisites for the different plastic materials for degradation on the shoreline, and what factors are affecting the degradation?

The results indicated that the samples had little to no detectable degradation regarding the FTIR analysis after 12 months of weathering. Some of the samples showed a change in the physical properties from the DSC analysis, which could indicate degradation. Despite the result of degradation extent, there were clear signs of fragmentation, physical damage from stress, and external forces, such as rock and wave tumbling for EPS (Styrofoam), LD-PE(Candy Paper) and PP (Blue Rope).

Fragmentation was not proven since no soil or water samples were made at the wethering site. This made the fragmentation only a visible parameter based on the samples after weathering, not proving that micro- or macro-plastic has been washed out in the ocean.

All of the plastic materials used in the study were produced with some sort of additive, such as stabilisers. Since only small variations were shown in the analysis of the plastic materials, it can be assumed that additives and stabilisers were effective because there was no clear sign of degradation after 12 months of weathering.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024.
Keywords [en]
Degradation, fragmentation, plastic litter, FTIR, DSC, SEM
Keywords [sv]
Degradation, fragmentation, plastic litter, FTIR, DSC, SEM
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-31967OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hb-31967DiVA, id: diva2:1864250
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Examiners
Available from: 2024-06-05 Created: 2024-06-03 Last updated: 2024-06-05Bibliographically approved

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