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Measuring persistent somatic symptom related stigmatisation: Development of the Persistent Somatic Symptom Stigma scale for Healthcare Professionals (PSSS-HCP)
Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Department of Primary and Community Care, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Psychosomatic Research, ISSN 0022-3999, E-ISSN 1879-1360, article id 111689Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Objective: Persistent somatic symptoms (PSS) describe recurrent or continuously occurring symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, or pain that have persisted for at least several months. These include single symptoms such as chronic pain, combinations of symptoms, or functional disorders such as fibromyalgia or irritable bowel syndrome. While stigmatisation by healthcare professionals is regularly reported, there are limited measurement instruments demonstrating content validity. This study develops a new instrument to measure stigmatisation by healthcare professionals, the Persistent Somatic Symptom Stigma scale for Healthcare Professionals (PSSS-HCP).

Methods: Development was an iterative process consisting of research team review, item generation and cognitive interviewing. We generated a longlist of 60 items from previous reviews and qualitative research. We conducted 18 cognitive interviews with healthcare professionals in the United Kingdom (UK). We analysed the relevance, comprehensibility and comprehensiveness of items, including the potential for social desirability bias.

Results: After research team consensus and initial feedback, we retained 40 items for cognitive interviewing. After our first round of interviews (n = 11), we removed 20 items, added three items and amended five items. After our second round of interviews (n = 7), we removed four items and amended three items. No major problems with relevance, comprehensibility, comprehensiveness or social desirability were found in remaining items.

Conclusions: The provisional version of the PSSS-HCP contains 19 items across three domains (stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination), demonstrating sufficient content validity. Our next step will be to perform a validation study to finalise item selection and explore the structure of the PSSS-HCP. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. article id 111689
Keywords [en]
discrimination, functional disorders, healthcare professionals, measurement instrument, persistent somatic symptoms, prejudice, scale, stereotype, stigma
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
The Human Perspective in Care
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-31817DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111689ISI: 001263762600001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85192168469OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hb-31817DiVA, id: diva2:1857392
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EU, Horizon Europe, 956673Available from: 2024-05-13 Created: 2024-05-13 Last updated: 2024-10-01Bibliographically approved

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van Dulmen, Sandra

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