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Wearable Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Quadriceps Muscle Can Increase Venous Flow
Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0095-064X
Integrative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.
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2023 (English)In: Annals of Biomedical Engineering, ISSN 0090-6964, E-ISSN 1573-9686, Vol. 51, no 12, p. 2873-2882Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the quadriceps (Q) may increase venous blood flow to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism. This study assessed whether Q-NMES pants could increase peak venous velocity (PVV) in the femoral vein using Doppler ultrasound and minimize discomfort. On 15 healthy subjects, Q-NMES using textile electrodes integrated in pants was applied with increasing intensity (mA) until the first visible muscle contraction [measurement level (ML)-I] and with an additional increase of six NMES levels (ML II). Discomfort using a numeric rating scale (NRS, 0–10) and PVV were used to assess different NMES parameters: frequency (1, 36, 66 Hz), ramp-up/-down time (RUD) (0, 1 s), plateau time (1.5, 4, and 6 s), and on:off duty cycle (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4). Q-NMES pants significantly increased PVV from baseline with 93% at ML I and 173% at ML II. Frequencies 36 Hz and 66 Hz and no RUD resulted in significantly higher PVV at both MLs compared to 1 Hz and 1 s RUD, respectively. Plateau time, and duty cycle did not significantly change PVV. Discomfort was only significantly higher with increasing intensity and frequency. Q-NMES pants produces intensity-dependent 2−3-fold increases of venous blood flow with minimal discomfort. The superior NMES parameters were a frequency of 36 Hz, 0 s RUD, and intensity at ML II. Textile-based NMES wearables are promising for non-episodic venous thromboembolism prevention. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023. Vol. 51, no 12, p. 2873-2882
Keywords [en]
Electrical stimulation therapy, Muscle stimulation, Skeletal muscles, Thromboprophylaxis, Deep vein thrombosis, Venous thromboembolism, Peak venous velocity, Textile electrodes, Smart textiles
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-31335DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03349-0ISI: 001050737400001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85168343519OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hb-31335DiVA, id: diva2:1828360
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2017-00202Stockholm County Council, SLL20180348Karolinska InstituteAvailable from: 2024-01-16 Created: 2024-01-16 Last updated: 2024-02-01Bibliographically approved

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Guo, LiPersson, Nils-Krister

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