Since the 1980s educational methods in Swedish schools gradually moved from teacher-directed instruction to student-centred learning. Students work with problem-based tasks on topics related to school subjects. This type of work, based on constructivist views of learning, involves students’ independent information seeking and use. The strengthened roles for school libraries linked to the changing teaching practices provided rich empirical settings for research on information seeking and learning. This chapter presents an overview of Swedish research on information activities in school library contexts. Findings emphasize particular dimensions of information literacy, including critical searching for information, determining credibility and trust, and meaning-making about information infrastructures that partly reshape more traditional views. Research findings contributed to raising political interest, as evidenced in government proposals in Sweden to strengthen school libraries. Implications of library science involvement in an interdisciplinary centre of excellence are discussed.