This paper is based on data produced in upper secondary school in a municipality that has an on-going effort to provide every teacher and student with a laptop computer, a so called one-to-one project. The results indicate that teachers and students use ICT and that fundamental elements of contemporary teaching and learning have remained largely untouched. Findings like these have over again been described in research as failures. This is often done in relation to a preconvention that ICT-based teaching and learning will inevitable change and innovate education. Our point is that this argumentation is too simplistic and need to be challenged. Change and transformation should be viewed upon as changes that takes place in the frame of traditional schooling and need to be analysed and understood in relation to the complex web of policy demands, different expectations and requirements that teachers must relate and that also constrains what is possible to do.