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”Jag vill sova, men kan inte”: Ungdomars perspektiv på faktorer som försvårar och främjar deras sömn
University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. (Vårdvetenskap)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7344-1515
2022 (Swedish)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)Alternative title
I want to sleep, but I can't" : Adolescents’ perspective on factors that impede and promote their sleep (English)
Abstract [en]

Background: Sleeping difficulties have become increasingly prevalent among adolescents and have negative consequences on their health, well-being, and education.

Aim and methods: The overall aim of this thesis was to explore adolescents’ sleep and the factors that impede and promote their sleep. Study I describes the prevalence of self-reported sleep duration and sleeping difficulties and explores their associations with school stress, self-perception, and technology use among adolescents based on a questionnaire of n = 937 adolescents, aged 15–16. Study II describes reasons for sleeping difficulties as perceived by adolescents based on an open-ended question answered by n = 475 adolescents, aged 15–16. Study III illuminates adolescents’ lived experiences of sleeping difficulties based on narrative interviews with n = 16 adolescents, aged 14–15. Study IV explores adolescents’ suggestions on how their sleep could be supported, based on eight focus groups with n = 43 adolescents, aged 15–16.

Results: Fifty-five percent of the adolescents slept less than the recommended eight hours per night. School stress and technology use were associated with short sleep duration, whereas school stress and self-perception were associated with sleeping difficulties (I). Stress, technology use, poor sleep habits, existential thoughts, needs, and suffering were all perceived as reasons for sleeping difficulties (II). Having sleeping difficulties makes it challenging to go through the night and cope with the following day. It also implies a feeling of being trapped by circumstances (III). To improve sleep, adolescents suggested receiving support from involved parents, achieving knowledge about on the “whys” and “hows” of sleep, and being guided into finding balance (IV).

Conclusions: Sleeping difficulties affect adolescents’ daily lives and constitute a pressing health issue. In order to deal with sleeping difficulties, adolescents need to be encouraged to narrate their experiences and circumstances, be respectfully listened to and supported by their parents, school nurses, and other significant adults.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Borås: Högskolan i Borås, 2022. , p. 144
Series
Skrifter från Högskolan i Borås, ISSN 0280-381X ; 126
Keywords [en]
adolescent, sleep, sleeping difficulties, promote, support, health, parent, school nurse, caring science
National Category
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Research subject
The Human Perspective in Care
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-27494ISBN: 978-91-89271-58-6 (print)ISBN: 978-91-89271-59-3 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hb-27494DiVA, id: diva2:1639287
Public defence
2022-05-20, C203, Allégatan 1, Borås, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-04-25 Created: 2022-02-21 Last updated: 2022-04-25Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Sleep duration and sleeping difficulties among adolescents: Exploring associations with school stress, self-perception, and technology use
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sleep duration and sleeping difficulties among adolescents: Exploring associations with school stress, self-perception, and technology use
Show others...
2019 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712, Vol. 33, no 1, p. 197-206, article id SCS12621Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Sleep duration and sleeping difficulties among adolescents: exploring associations with school stress, self-perception and technology use

 

Sleeping problems are increasing among adolescents worldwide. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of self-reported sleep duration and sleeping difficulties, as well as to explore their associations with school stress, self-perception, that is how adolescents perceive their appearance and happiness, and technology use among adolescents. Data were collected in 2015 using a questionnaire. A total of 937 ninth grade adolescents, 15–16 years, from a city in western Sweden participated, resulting in a response rate of 83%. The result showed that 55% of the adolescents slept less than the recommended 8 hours per night and 11% had sleeping difficulties. School stress and technology use were associated with short sleep duration. School stress and self-perception were associated with sleeping difficulties. The girls had worse outcomes for sleeping difficulties, school stress, self-perception and technology use than the boys. Based on the results, there is a need for school nurses to implement preventive measures to improve adolescents’ sleep.

Keywords
Adolescents, school nurse, school stress, self-perception, sleep, technology use
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Research subject
Människan i vården
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-15107 (URN)10.1111/scs.12621 (DOI)000462154100020 ()30311255 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85054857606 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2018-10-18 Created: 2018-10-18 Last updated: 2022-04-25Bibliographically approved
2. Reasons for sleeping difficulties as perceived by adolescents: A content analysis
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reasons for sleeping difficulties as perceived by adolescents: A content analysis
2019 (English)In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, ISSN 0283-9318, E-ISSN 1471-6712Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Sleeping difficulties are increasingly prevalent among adolescents worldwide and have negative consequences for adolescent health and education. The aim of this study was to describe the reasons for sleeping difficulties as perceived by adolescents. Sleeping difficulties include insufficient sleep, trouble falling asleep, waking up at night, or sleep that does not leave an individual rested. Data were collected in 2015 using an open-ended question. The sample consisted of n = 475 adolescents from a city in Sweden, aged 15–16 years, with self-assessed sleeping difficulties. The results described the reasons for the adolescents’ sleeping difficulties, at a general, thematic level, as an imbalance between requirements and preconditions, distributed to stress, technology use, poor sleep habits, existential thoughts, needs, and suffering. To find a balance in their daily lives, adolescents may need support from parents, school nurses, and school health services to deal with their sleeping difficulties.

Keywords
Sleeping difficulties, adolescent, perception, questionnaire, content analysis.
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Research subject
Människan i vården
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22678 (URN)10.1111/scs.12750 (DOI)000485751800001 ()2-s2.0-85071933415 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2020-01-24 Created: 2020-01-24 Last updated: 2022-04-25Bibliographically approved
3. “I want to sleep, but I can’t”: Adolescents’ lived experience of sleeping difficulties.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>“I want to sleep, but I can’t”: Adolescents’ lived experience of sleeping difficulties.
2020 (English)In: The Journal of School NursingArticle in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Sleeping difficulties are increasingly prevalent among adolescents and have negative consequences for their health, well-being, and education. The aim of this study was to illuminate the meanings of adolescents’ lived experiences of sleeping difficulties. The data were obtained from narrative interviews with 16 adolescents aged 14–15 in a Swedish city and were analyzed using the phenomenological hermeneutic method. The findings revealed four themes: feeling dejected when not falling asleep, experiencing the night as a struggle, searching for better sleep, and being affected the next day. The comprehensive understanding illuminates that being an adolescent with sleeping difficulties means it is challenging to go through the night and to cope the next day. It also means a feeling of being trapped by circumstances. As the adolescents’ lived experiences become apparent, the possibility for parents, school nurses, and other professional caregivers to support adolescents’ sleep increases.

Keywords
adolescent, sleeping difficulties, lived experience, interview, phenomenological hermeneutic, school nurse
National Category
Health Sciences
Research subject
The Human Perspective in Care
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23939 (URN)10.1177/1059840520966011 (DOI)000579810500001 ()2-s2.0-85092649856 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2020-10-18 Created: 2020-10-18 Last updated: 2024-02-01Bibliographically approved
4. Adolescents' Suggestions on how to Support Their Sleep: A Focus Group Study
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Adolescents' Suggestions on how to Support Their Sleep: A Focus Group Study
2022 (English)In: Journal of School Nursing, ISSN 1059-8405, E-ISSN 1546-8364Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Sleeping difficulties among adolescents constitute a pressing public health issue, and it is of the utmost importance that these are approached from a health-promotion perspective. This study explores adolescents' suggestions on how their sleep could be supported. Data were collected via eight focus group interviews with 43 adolescents aged 15-16, in Sweden, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results describe the adolescents' suggestions on how their sleep could be supported in three themes: being supported by involved parents- routines, engagement, and warmth are vital; being supported to achieve knowledge on the "whys" and "hows" of sleep-increased knowledge gives the ability to make well-grounded sleep choices; and being guided into finding balance-balance in life is difficult to achieve and adolescents desire support. Parents, school nurses, health professionals, and anyone who has the opportunity to improve and promote sleep should consider adolescents' suggestions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2022
Keywords
sleep, sleeping difficulties, adolescent, support, health-promotion, school nurse, parents, focus group, qualitative content analysis, EDUCATION, BEHAVIOR, SCHOOL
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
The Human Perspective in Care
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-27691 (URN)10.1177/10598405221084317 (DOI)000769010200001 ()2-s2.0-85126083119 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-03-24 Created: 2022-03-24 Last updated: 2022-04-25Bibliographically approved

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