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A systematic review of self-report instruments for the measurement of anxiety in hospitalized children with cancer
Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare.
Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Centre for Person-Centred Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 457, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
2021 (English)In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 18, no 4, p. 1-20, article id 1911Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Anxiety has been identified as one of the most severe and long-lasting symptoms experienced by hospitalized children with cancer. Self-reports are especially important for documenting emotional and abstract concepts, such as anxiety. Children may not always be able to communicate their symptoms due to language difficulties, a lack of developmental language skills, or the severity of their illness. Instruments with sufficient psychometric quality and pictorial support may address this communication challenge. The purpose of this review was to systematically search the published literature and identify validated and reliable self-report instruments available for children aged 5–18 years to use in the assessment of their anxiety to ensure they receive appropriate anxietyrelief intervention in hospital. What validated self-report instruments can children with cancer use to self-report anxiety in the hospital setting? Which of these instruments offer pictorial support? Eight instruments were identified, but most of the instruments lacked pictorial support. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL™) 3.0 Brain Tumor Module and Cancer Module proved to be useful in hospitalized children with cancer, as they provide pictorial support. It is recommended that faces or symbols be used along with the VAS, as pictures are easily understood by younger children. Future studies could include the adaptation of existing instruments in digital e-health tools. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2021. Vol. 18, no 4, p. 1-20, article id 1911
Keywords [en]
Anxiety, Cancer, Hospital, Instrument, Pediatric patient, Pictorial support, Self-report, Symptom management, child health, health care, language, mental disorder, symptom, adolescent, child, diagnosis, epidemiology, hospitalized child, human, neoplasm, preschool child, quality of life, self report, Child, Hospitalized, Child, Preschool, Humans, Neoplasms
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
The Human Perspective in Care
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-25968DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041911ISI: 000623583800001PubMedID: 33669455Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85101062805OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hb-25968DiVA, id: diva2:1579569
Funder
Vinnova, MTI2019-0011Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation, TJ2017-0028Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation, KP20180023Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation, MTI2019-0011Available from: 2021-07-09 Created: 2021-07-09 Last updated: 2022-03-02

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Karlsson, Katarina

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