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Characterisation of Electrical and Stiffness Properties of Conductive Textile Coatings with Metal Flake-shaped Fillers
University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare. University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6995-967X
University of Borås, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4369-9304
2019 (English)In: Materials, E-ISSN 1996-1944, Vol. 12, no 21, p. 1-18Article in journal (Refereed) Submitted
Abstract [en]

Two conductive formulations containing different types of micron-sized metal flakes (silver-coated copper (Cu) and pure silver (Ag)) were characterised and used to form highly electrically conductive coatings (conductors) on plain and base-coated woven fabrics, the latter in an encapsulated construction. With e-textiles as the intended application, the fabric stiffness, in terms of flexural stiffness and sheet resistance (Rsh), after durability testing (laundering and abrasion) was investigated and related to user friendliness and long-term performance. Bare and encapsulated conductors with increasing amounts of deposited solids were fabricated by adjusting the knife coating parameters, such as the coating gap height (5, 20, 50, and 200 μm), which reduced the Rsh, as determined by four-point probe (4PP) measurements; however, this improvement was at the expense of increased flexural stiffness of the coated fabrics. The addition of a melamine derivative (MF) as a cross-linker to the Cu formulation and the encapsulation of both conductor types gave the best trade-off between durability and Rsh, as confirmed by 4PP measurements. However, the infrared camera images revealed the formation of hotspots within the bare conductor matrix, although low resistances (determined by 4PP) and no microstructural defects (determined by SEM) were detected. These results stress the importance of thorough investigation to assure the design of reliable conductors applied on textiles requiring this type of maintenance.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2019. Vol. 12, no 21, p. 1-18
Keywords [en]
Conductivity, metal flake, coating, textile, coating parameters, encapsulation, fabric stiffness, durability
National Category
Materials Engineering
Research subject
Textiles and Fashion (General)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-13942DOI: 10.3390/ma12213537ISI: 000502798800078Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85074669865OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hb-13942DiVA, id: diva2:1195120
Available from: 2018-04-04 Created: 2018-04-04 Last updated: 2024-07-04Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Functional Textile Coatings Containing Flake-shaped Fillers: investigations on selected optical and electrical properties
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Functional Textile Coatings Containing Flake-shaped Fillers: investigations on selected optical and electrical properties
2018 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis investigates the manufacturing and characterisation of functionalised textile coatings containing different types of flake-shaped fillers with angle-dependent colour-changing and electrically conductive properties, respectively. Common benefits of these types of flakes are their high aspect ratio, which offers low filler loading with high functional performance. However, when applied on flexible fabric, their impact on the mechanical properties and durability leads to that a trade-off between, for example, flexural rigidity and functional performance need to be taken into account. Both experimental studies, with different functional approaches, explore how formulation additives e.g. rheology modifiers and cross-linker and knife coating parameters e.g. gap height and speed influence the formulation viscosity, which in turn strongly influences the amount of solids deposited on the fabric, and the functional performance.

Multilayered mica pigments can provide an angle-dependent colour change based on the phenomenon of interference, and has great potential in application within the textile design and product authentication fields. However, optimal conditions for intense colour-changing effects using these types of flake-shaped pigments depend on a plane-parallel orientation to a flat substrate. The pigment orientation is challenged by textile substrates, which have a textured surface due to the cross-sectional shape of the fibre, the yarn composition and fabric construction. In addition, the semi-transparent nature of these types of pigments means that the substrate colour highly influences the colour-changing effects.

Metal flake-shaped fillers for high electrical conductivity applications are particularly advantageous for reliable power and signal transferring interconnections in the field of electronic textiles. As the conductivity depends on the electron transport between the metal flakes, the challenge is to establish and maintain the three-dimensional network of contacting surfaces between flakes. Although the network is held together and adhered to the substrate by an insulating polymer film matrix, it is highly sensitive to dimensional impact upon different

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Borås: Högskolan i Borås, 2018. p. 69
Series
Skrifter från Högskolan i Borås, ISSN 0280-381X ; 87
Keywords
Flakes, fillers, textile coating, properties, multilayered mica, effect pigment, angle-dependent colour change, metals, conductivity, resistance measurements, e-textiles, flexibility, durability
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Research subject
Textiles and Fashion (General)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-13691 (URN)978-91-88269-90-4 (ISBN)978-91-88269-91-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2018-04-27, Vestindien C, Textile Fashion Centre, Skaraborgsvägen 3, Borås, 10:00
Opponent
Available from: 2018-04-04 Created: 2018-02-19 Last updated: 2018-04-10Bibliographically approved

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Publisher's full textScopushttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/21/3537

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Malm, VeronicaSeoane, FernandoNierstrasz, Vincent

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