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En vårdande ljusmiljö inom intensivvård: Patienters upplevelser och effekter av en cyklisk belysningsintervention
University of Borås, Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare.
2017 (Swedish)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att beskriva och undersöka patienters - vårdade inom intensivvård - upplevelser och effekter av en cyklisk belysningsintervention utifrån hälsa, välbefinnande och återhämtning.

Metod: En intervention bestående av ett automatiskt styrt belysningssystem var installerat på ett intensivvårdsrum. Belysningsinterventionens mål var att efterlikna dagsljuset i styrka, kvalitet, och lokalisation. Ett ordinarie intensivvårdsrum fungerade som kontrollmiljö. I studie I eftersöktes i en systematisk litteratursammanställning tidigare forskningsresultat rörande cykliska belysningsinterventioner inom intensivvård. Belysningsmiljöerna i intervention- och kontrollmiljön bedömdes i studie I av besökare och i studie II av patienter samt jämfördes och analyserades statistiskt. Ljus och belysningsmätningar utfördes i både forsknings- och kontrollmiljön. I studie II undersöktes patienters upplevelser av den cykliska belysningsmiljön genom kvalitativa intervjuer vilka analyserade med innehållsanalys. I studie II mättes och jämfördes patienters sömn, dygnsrytm samt fysiologiska parametrar och analyserades statistiskt. I studie IV undersöktes och jämfördes patienternas självskattade återhämtning efter sex och tolv månader.

Resultat: Cykliska belysningsinterventioner exponerade för vuxna patienter var få. Resultatet visade dock att interventioner med cykliskt ljus inom neonatal intensivvård kunde inverka positivt på förtidigt födda barns hälsa. Den cykliska interventionsmiljön bedömdes som mer trivsam och mätningar av belysningen utförda i interventionsmiljön visade på samstämmighet med europeiska rekommendationer. Belysningsnivåerna i kontrolmiljön var manuellt styrda och mätningarna visade på antingen för låga eller för höga belysningsnivåer under dagtid jämfört med europeiska rekommendationer. Patienterna bedömde den cykliska belysningsmiljön som starkare dagtid och under nattetid bedömdes belysningen i kontrolmiljön som mer varierande. Patienters individuella upplevelser av den cykliska belysningsinterventionen presenterades i fyra kategorier: en dynamisk belysningsmiljö, belysningens påverkan på patientens sömn, ljus/belysnings påverkan på dygnsrytm samt en lugnande belysning. Patienternas dygnsrytm stärktes inte av den cykliska belysningsmiljön under deras sista 24-timmarsperiod. Patienternas självrapporterade återhämtning efter intensivvård var bättre efter 12-månader efter utskrivning hos de som vårdats i interventionsmiljön.

Slutsatser: Genom att studera de båda forskningsområdena vårdvetenskap och ljus/belysning tillsammans skapades ny kunskap till vårdvetenskapen. Trots svår sjukdom eller skada kunde patienterna bedöma och reflektera kring belysningsmiljön. Ämnesområdet lämpar sig väl för att undersökas med både kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder.

Abstract [en]

Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to describe and evaluate patients’, who were cared for in the intensive care unit (ICU), experiences and effects concerning a cycled lighting intervention based on health, wellbeing and recovery. Methods: An automatically controlled cycled lighting intervention aimed to mimic natural light levels, quality and position throughout the day was evaluated. An ordinary lit room was used as a control. A multiple-method approach was used. In study I, there were three aspects: a systematic review of the previous research concerning cycled lighting interventions in the intensive care; visitor evaluations of the lighting environments in the intervention and ordinary room; and measurements of illuminance, luminance and irradiance in both conditions. In study II, the patients evaluated the lighting environment in the two rooms. Data were compared and analysed. Furthermore, patients’ experiences regarding the cycled lighting environment were investigated through qualitative interviews, which were subsequently analysed by content analysis. In study III, patients’ sleep, activity and physiological parameters were measured and compared. Study IV consisted of statistical analysis of a questionnaire concerning patients’ self-reported recovery six and 12 months after their ICU treatments. Results: The literature review on cycled lighting interventions in adult ICUs was rare but more common in the neonatal ICU (NICU). Findings showed that cycled lighting interventions improved health in preterm infants, but there were also non-significant results reported. The visitors reported the cycled lighting environment as more pleasant, and based on measurements, the lighting levels were at equivalent levels with European recommendations for hospitals. The lighting levels in the ordinary room were manually controlled and were reported as being either too low or too bright during the daytime. Patients evaluated the cycled lighting environment as brighter in daytime, and this was in coherence with the results from the measurements of illumination. Patients’ individual experiences concerning the cycled lighting environment were reported in four categories: a dynamic lighting environment, the impact of lighting on patients’ sleep, the impact of light/lighting on the circadian rhythm and the degree to which the lighting calmed them. Patients’ circadian rhythms were not further strengthened by the cycled lighting intervention during their final 24-period in the ICU. Twelve months after their ICU treatments, patients cared for in the intervention environment self-reported their recovery as significantly better than those who received treatment in the ordinary room. Conclusions: A multiple methodology was used to explore theresearch field from a wider perspective. Combining knowledge from both the lighting research field and caring science has brought new knowledge to both and especially to the practice of nursing. Despite their severe illnesses or injuries, patients were able to assess their experiences with the lighting environment and reflect on how the lighting was able to support their health. This thesis reports findings that indicate that environmental/lighting interventions may improvepatients’ health. Lighting interventions are harmless, safe, sustainable and, in comparison to technical and medical interventions, considerably cheaper. With this knowledge, we believe all vulnerable patients in the ICU should be surrounded by a lighting environment around the clock to support their health, wellbeing and recovery.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Göteborg: Göteborgs universitet, 2017.
Keywords [en]
care environment, circadian rhythm, health, intensive and critical care, lighting, sleep, recovery, wellbeing
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences Nursing
Research subject
Människan i vården
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-11911ISBN: 978-91-629-0101-1 (print)ISBN: 978-91-629-0102-8 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hb-11911DiVA, id: diva2:1074962
Opponent
Available from: 2017-02-20 Created: 2017-02-16 Last updated: 2017-03-01Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Let there be light and darkness: findings from a prestudy concerning cycled light in the intensive care unit environment.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Let there be light and darkness: findings from a prestudy concerning cycled light in the intensive care unit environment.
2014 (English)In: Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, ISSN 0887-9303, E-ISSN 1550-5111, Vol. 37, no 3, p. 273-298Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The present study reports findings concerning light in an intensive care unit setting presented from 3 aspects, giving a wide view. The first part is a systematic review of intervention studies concerning cycled light compared with dim light/noncycled light. The findings showed that cycled light may be beneficial to preterm infant health. Second, a lighting intervention in the intensive care unit is presented, comparing and assessing experience of this lighting environment with that of an ordinary room. Significant differences were shown in hedonic tone, favoring the intervention environment. In the third part, measured illuminance, luminance, and irradiance values achieved in the lighting intervention room and ordinary room lighting are reported.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014
Keywords
cycled light, Intensive care, high-tech environment
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences Nursing
Research subject
Människan i vården
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-1916 (URN)10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000031 (DOI)24896559 (PubMedID)2320/14271 (Local ID)2320/14271 (Archive number)2320/14271 (OAI)
Available from: 2015-11-13 Created: 2015-11-13 Last updated: 2017-12-01Bibliographically approved
2. Lighting, sleep and circadian rhythm: An intervention study in the intensive care unit.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Lighting, sleep and circadian rhythm: An intervention study in the intensive care unit.
Show others...
2015 (English)In: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, ISSN 0964-3397, E-ISSN 1532-4036, Vol. 31, no 6, p. 325-335Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) may risk disruption of their circadian rhythm. In an intervention research project a cycled lighting system was set up in an ICU room to support patients' circadian rhythm. Part I aimed to compare experiences of the lighting environment in two rooms with different lighting environments by lighting experiences questionnaire. The results indicated differences in advantage for the patients in the intervention room (n=48), in perception of daytime brightness (p=0.004). In nighttime, greater lighting variation (p=0.005) was found in the ordinary room (n=52). Part II aimed to describe experiences of lighting in the room equipped with the cycled lighting environment. Patients (n=19) were interviewed and the results were presented in categories: "A dynamic lighting environment", "Impact of lighting on patients' sleep", "The impact of lighting/lights on circadian rhythm" and "The lighting calms". Most had experiences from sleep disorders and half had nightmares/sights and circadian rhythm disruption. Nearly all were pleased with the cycled lighting environment, which together with daylight supported their circadian rhythm. In night's actual lighting levels helped patients and staff to connect which engendered feelings of calm.

Keywords
Circadian rhythm, Content analysis, Critical care, Cycled light, Intensive care unit, Interview, Lighting, Mann-Whitney-test, Nursing, Sleep
National Category
Nursing
Research subject
Människan i vården
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-4012 (URN)10.1016/j.iccn.2015.07.001 (DOI)000365185500001 ()26215384 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-84946495465 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2015-12-11 Created: 2015-12-11 Last updated: 2017-12-01Bibliographically approved

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