The purpose of this paper is to highlight the state-of-the-art of virtual reality, augmented reality mixed reality technologies, and their applications in formal education. We also present a selected list of case studies that prove the utility of these technologies in the context of formal education. Furthermore, as byproduct, the mentioned case studies show also that, although the industry is able to develop very advanced virtual environments technologies,their pedagogical implications are strongly related to a well designed theoretical framework.