Pupils' responses in Grade 6 to a 40-item questionnaire originally constructed to reveal different school attitudes were re-analysed using recently developed techniques for latent variable analysis of two-level data. One aim was to test a model for investigation of classroom environment and another aim was to compare exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis when applied at individual and class levels. When using confirmatory factor modelling a separation of the individual and class-level influences on the between-group matrix was obtained. At class level three factors could be justified: Teachers and Teaching, Social Relations in Classrooms and Work Atmosphere in Classrooms. We conclude that the present analysis encourages further use of this type of questionnaire when investigating pupils' attitudes in a large number of classes. Two-level latent variable analysis is useful for comparing pupils' attitudes within and between classes