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Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Based Thermosetting Resins from Lactic Acid and Glycerol
University of Borås, School of Engineering. (Polymer Group)
University of Borås, School of Engineering. (Polymer Group)
University of Borås, School of Engineering. (Polymer Group)
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2014 (English)In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 131, no 12, p. 1-9Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Sustainable development
The content falls within the scope of Sustainable Development
Abstract [en]

A bio-based thermoset resin has been synthesized from glycerol reacted with lactic acid oligomers of three different chain lengths: n=3, 7 and 10. Lactic acid was first reacted with glycerol by direct condensation and the resulted branched molecule was then end-functionalized with methacrylic anhydride. The resins were characterized using FTIR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy to confirm the resins chemical structure and by DSC and DMTA to obtain the thermal properties. The resin flow viscosities were also measured using a Rheometer with different stress levels for each temperature used, as this is an important characteristic for resins which are intended to be used as a matrix in composite applications. The results showed that the resin with chain length n=3 have a better mechanical, thermal and rheological properties than resin with n=7 and 10. Also with its biobased content of 78% and glass transition temperature at 97°C makes it comparable with the commercial unsaturated polyester resins.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley , 2014. Vol. 131, no 12, p. 1-9
Keywords [en]
Biopolymer and Renewable polymers, Composites, Crosslinking, Resins, Thermosets, Resource Recovery
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Research subject
Resource Recovery
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-1866DOI: 10.1002/app.40488ISI: 000334600500034Local ID: 2320/13743OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hb-1866DiVA, id: diva2:869944
Available from: 2015-11-13 Created: 2015-11-13 Last updated: 2017-03-01Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Development of biocomposites from lactic acid thermoset resins and cellulose fibre reinforcements
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Development of biocomposites from lactic acid thermoset resins and cellulose fibre reinforcements
2015 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Synthesis of polymers from renewable origin has been reported by many authors and it has been found out that it has enormous potential and can serve as alternative to conventional thermoplastics and thermosets in many applications. The use of these renewable resources will provide sustainable platforms to substitute fossil fuel-based materials. To date, efforts made to produce 100% bio-based thermosetting materials have yet to be achieved. Many studies have been reported on increasing the renewability ratio of thermoset materials produced.

A lot of reports have been made on the synthesis of thermoplastic resins from lactic acid for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering but only few reports have been made on composite applications. The issue of high melt viscosity of thermoplastic resins from lactic acid has been of paramount problem because of its difficulty in impregnation into fibre reinforcement. Bio-based thermoset resins have been produced for composite applications from plant oils and improved mechanical properties have been achieved.

In this thesis, an alternative route for synthesis of lactic acid based thermoset resins have been explored to solve the above problem. Thermoset resins were synthesized from lactic acid with different co-reactants and were characterized using NMR, FT-IR, DSC, DMA and TGA. Their rheological properties were also investigated. The resins were reinforced with natural and regenerated cellulose fibres in non-woven and woven form, and with different fibre alignment and fibre loading. The resulting composites were characterized by mechanical testing regarding tensile, flexural and impact strength, and by SEM analysis regarding morphology.

The results showed that these composites could possibly be used in automobile, transport, construction and furniture applications, particularly for interior purposes. The resins produced were found to be promising materials for composite production due to the good mechanical properties achieved.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Borås: Högskolan i Borås, 2015. p. 47
Series
Skrifter från Högskolan i Borås, ISSN 0280-381X ; 58
Keywords
lactic acid, thermoset resin, renewable resources, natural fibre, regenerated cellulose fibre, composite
National Category
Environmental Biotechnology
Research subject
Resource Recovery
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23 (URN)978-91-87525-51-3 (ISBN)978-91-87525-52-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2015-05-13, E310, University of Borås, Allégatan 1, Borås, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Available from: 2015-05-19 Created: 2015-03-06 Last updated: 2015-12-18Bibliographically approved

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Bakare, Fatimat OluwatoyinSkrifvars, MikaelÅkesson, Dan

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