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Publications (10 of 30) Show all publications
Kronberg, S. & Baghaei, B. (2024). Transforming Polycotton Textile Waste into New Bicomponent Fibers: An Investigative Study. Advances in Polymer Technology, 1-10, Article ID 239028.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Transforming Polycotton Textile Waste into New Bicomponent Fibers: An Investigative Study
2024 (English)In: Advances in Polymer Technology, ISSN 0730-6679, E-ISSN 1098-2329, p. 1-10, article id 239028Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study aimed to develop an innovative recycling method for end-of-life polycotton textiles, eliminating the need for component separation. The use of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][Ac]) as an ionic liquid solvent facilitated the dissolution of cotton, enabling the creation of a spinning dope containing cellulose and polyester fibers. Successful spinning of bicomponent fibers ensued, followed by comprehensive fiber evaluation. The dissolution of cotton was achieved with [EMIM][Ac], and spinning trials were conducted to devise a suitable method for regenerated cellulose. Tensile tests on the produced cellulosic fibers clearly demonstrated an increase in tensile strength with higher cellulose concentration. The introduction of polyester fibers to the spinning dope, comprising [EMIM][Ac] and cotton, posed challenges to the entire spinning process. Tensile tests on the resulting bicomponent fibers revealed a decrease in tensile strength compared to pure regenerated cellulose fibers. This reduction was attributed to increased voids and irregular polyester fiber distribution, corroborated by microscopy images and a wicking test. It was concluded that the quantity and length of polyester fibers significantly influenced the tensile strength of the bicomponent fibers, with lower concentrations and shorter fibers resulting in higher strength. 

National Category
Polymer Chemistry Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-32349 (URN)10.1155/2024/5239028 (DOI)001273073100001 ()2-s2.0-85199372767 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-08-13 Created: 2024-08-13 Last updated: 2024-10-01Bibliographically approved
Baghaei, B., Johansson, B., Skrifvars, M. & Kadi, N. (2022). All-Cellulose Composites Properties from Pre- and Post-Consumer Denim Wastes: Comparative Study. Journal of Composites Science, 6(5), Article ID 130.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>All-Cellulose Composites Properties from Pre- and Post-Consumer Denim Wastes: Comparative Study
2022 (English)In: Journal of Composites Science, E-ISSN 2504-477X, Vol. 6, no 5, article id 130Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.)) Published
Abstract [en]

This study reports the recycling of discarded denim textiles by the production of all-cellulose composites (ACCs). Discarded denim fabrics were shredded into fibers and then made into nonwoven fabrics by carding and needle punching. The produced nonwoven fabrics were converted to ACCs by one-step and two-step methods using an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ([BMIM][Ac]). In this study, the effect of different ACC manufacturing methods, denim fabrics with different contents (a 100% cotton denim (CO) and a blend material (cotton, poly-ester and elastane (BCO)) and reusing of IL as a recycled cellulose solvent on the mechanical pro-perties of the formed ACCs were investigated. The ACCs were characterized according to their tensile and impact properties, as well as their void content. Microscopic analysis was carried out to study the morphology of a cross-section of the formed composites. The choice of the one-step method with recycled IL, pure IL or with a blend material (BCO) had no influence on the tensile properties. Instead, the result showed that the two-step method, with and without DMSO, will influence the E-modulus but not the tensile strength. Regarding the impact properties of the samples, the only factor likely to influence the impact energy was the one-step method with CO and BCO.

Keywords
all-cellulose composites, end-of-life textiles, denim fabrics, ionic liquid, mechanical properties, sustainability
National Category
Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials Composite Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-27987 (URN)10.3390/jcs6050130 (DOI)000804303600001 ()2-s2.0-85147702835 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016‐00920
Available from: 2022-06-13 Created: 2022-06-13 Last updated: 2024-02-01Bibliographically approved
Baghaei, B. & Skrifvars, M. (2020). All-Cellulose Composites: A Review of RecentStudies on Structure, Properties and Applications. Molecules, 25(2)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>All-Cellulose Composites: A Review of RecentStudies on Structure, Properties and Applications
2020 (English)In: Molecules, ISSN 1431-5157, E-ISSN 1420-3049, ISSN 1420-3049, Vol. 25, no 2Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Nowadays, there is greater demand for greener materials in societies due to environmental consciousness, depleting fossil fuels and growing ecological concerns. Within the foreseeable future, industries and suppliers will be required to be more aware of challenges faced due to the availability of resources and use more sustainable and renewable raw materials. In this context, cellulose can be expected to become a vital resource for materials owing to its abundance, versatility as a biopolymer, several different forms and potential applications. Thus, all-cellulose composites (ACCs) have gained significant research interest in recent years. ACC is a class of biocomposites in which the matrix is a dissolved and regenerated cellulose, while the reinforcement is undissolved or partly dissolved cellulose. This review paper is intended to provide a brief outline of works that cover recent progress in the manufacturing and processing techniques for ACCs, various cellulose sources, solvents and antisolvents, as well as their properties.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Borås: , 2020
Keywords
all-cellulose composites, fiber/matrix bond, mechanical properties, solvent, antisolvent
National Category
Composite Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23316 (URN)10.3390/molecules25122836 (DOI)000550164700001 ()2-s2.0-85087015489 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas
Available from: 2020-06-22 Created: 2020-06-22 Last updated: 2024-02-01Bibliographically approved
Baghaei, B., Compiet, S. & Skrifvars, M. (2020). Mechanical properties of all-cellulose composites from end-of-life textiles. Journal of polymer research, 27(9)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mechanical properties of all-cellulose composites from end-of-life textiles
2020 (English)In: Journal of polymer research, ISSN 1022-9760, E-ISSN 1572-8935, Vol. 27, no 9Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper reports the recycling of end-of-life cellulose containing textiles by fabrication of all-cellulose composites (ACCs). Discharged denim fabrics were used as the reinforcement while dissolved cellulose from two different cellulose resources was used as the matrix phase. Virgin cotton fibres and recovered cotton from polyester/cotton (polycotton) waste fabrics were used to form the matrix phase. The process comprises preparing a 6 wt% cellulose solution by dissolving cellulose solution in a ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate ([BMIM][Ac]), this solution acted as a precursor for the matrix component. The denim fabrics were first embedded in the cellulose/IL solution followed by removal of the IL by washing to form the composite. The effect of reuse of the recovered IL by distillation was also investigated. The mechanical properties of the obtained ACCs were determined regarding tensile, impact and flexural properties. Fabricated ACC composite laminates were further characterised regarding structure by scanning electron microscopy.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2020
Keywords
Denim fabrics, All-cellulose composites, Fibre, matrix bond, Mechanical properties, Ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-24824 (URN)10.1007/s10965-020-02214-1 (DOI)000558511900001 ()2-s2.0-85089278867 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-01-25 Created: 2021-01-25 Last updated: 2021-10-21Bibliographically approved
Kadi, N., Baghaei, B. & Skrifvars, M. (2019). Effect of Textile structure in the process parameters of thermoplastic bio-composite. Paper presented at 5ième Congrès International Francophone de Mécanique Avancée (CIFMA 2018), Beirut, 31 October - 2 November 2018.. MATEC Web of Conferences, 261(01005), 1-3
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effect of Textile structure in the process parameters of thermoplastic bio-composite
2019 (English)In: MATEC Web of Conferences, E-ISSN 2261-236X, Vol. 261, no 01005, p. 1-3Article in journal, Editorial material (Other academic) Published
Abstract [en]

Thermoplastic bio-composite have a higher potential of use based on the sustainability benefits. Natural fibres today are a popular choice for applications in biocomposite manufacturing. Hybrid yarns are a satisfactory solution to improve the fabrication of composites containing a thermoplastic matrix and plant-based fibres. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to produce bio-composites with superior mechanical properties, due to problematic impregnation and consolidation results during the production process. This paper investigates the processing parameters for the compression moulding of two different hemp/PLA textiles structure bio-composites (warp knitting and weaving structure). Finite element simulations are used to optimise the processing parameters (pressure, temperature, and time). The results demonstrated that the textile structure has a small effect on the time of production. Main while the pressure and temperature of processing parameters depend only on the type of matrix and the thickness of biocomposite has a big impact on the time of production.

National Category
Engineering and Technology
Research subject
Textiles and Fashion (General); Textiles and Fashion (General)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-15721 (URN)10.1051/matecconf/201926101005 (DOI)
Conference
5ième Congrès International Francophone de Mécanique Avancée (CIFMA 2018), Beirut, 31 October - 2 November 2018.
Available from: 2019-01-29 Created: 2019-01-29 Last updated: 2023-11-27Bibliographically approved
Vogt, S., Baghaei, B., Kadi, N. & Skrifvars, M. (2018). Determination of Processing Parameters for Thermoplastic Biocomposites Based on Hybrid Yarns Using Finite Elements Simulation. Journal of Composites Science, 2(1)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Determination of Processing Parameters for Thermoplastic Biocomposites Based on Hybrid Yarns Using Finite Elements Simulation
2018 (English)In: Journal of Composites Science, ISSN 2504-477X, Vol. 2, no 1Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper investigates the processing parameters for the compression molding of hemp/PLA hybrid yarn biocomposites and their effect on the final mechanical properties. Finite element simulations are used to develop and assess the processing parameters, pressure, temperature, and time. These parameters are then evaluated experimentally by producing the composites by two different methods, to compare the results of experimentally determined processing conditions to parameters determined by the simulation analysis. The assessment of mechanical properties is done with several experimental tests, showing small improvements for the composites produced with the simulation method. The application of the simulation analysis results in considerably reduced processing times, from the initial 10 min to only three minutes, thereby vastly improving the processing method. While the employed methods are not yet able to produce composites with greatly improved mechanical properties, this study can be seen as a constructive approach, which has the ability to lead to further improvements.

Keywords
fabrics/textiles, mechanical properties, porosity/voids, finite element analysis (FEA)
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Research subject
Textiles and Fashion (General)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-13783 (URN)10.3390/jcs2010011 (DOI)000590885300011 ()2-s2.0-85104381072 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2018-03-05 Created: 2018-03-05 Last updated: 2024-02-01Bibliographically approved
Temmink, R., Baghaei, B. & Skrifvars, M. (2018). Development of biocomposites from denim waste and thermoset bio-resins. Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing, 106, 59-69
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Development of biocomposites from denim waste and thermoset bio-resins
2018 (English)In: Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing, ISSN 1359-835X, E-ISSN 1878-5840, Vol. 106, p. 59-69Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper examines the use of post-consumer denim fabric in combination with thermoset bio-resins in composite manufacturing for structural applications. Bio-epoxy and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil resin (AESO) were used as bio-resins with four different manufacturing techniques in order to create a wide scope of possibilities for research. The four techniques are: compression moulding (COM), vacuum infusion (VAC), resin transfer moulding (RTM) and hand lay-up (HND). The bio-resins were compared to a conventional polyester resin, as this is highly used for structural applications. To determine suitability for structural applications, the biocomposites were tested for their mechanical and thermal properties. Fabricated composites were characterised regarding porosity, water absorption and analysed through microscopic images of the composite. Results show both bio-epoxy and AESO are suitable for use in structural applications over a range of manufacturing techniques. Furthermore, biocomposites from bio-epoxy are superior to those from AESO resin. The conventional polyester has shown to be unsuitable for structural applications.

Keywords
Biocomposites, Recycling, Mechanical properties, Resin transfer moulding
National Category
Composite Science and Engineering
Research subject
Resource Recovery
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-13450 (URN)10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.12.011 (DOI)000425203100007 ()2-s2.0-85038215194 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2018-01-14 Created: 2018-01-14 Last updated: 2018-11-29Bibliographically approved
Garrote Jurado, R., Pettersson, T., Baghaei, B. & Persson, A. (2018). Preparing for Masters´ Studies: A Web Based Tool For Self-Assessment and Knowledge Gap Mitigation. In: : . Paper presented at 10th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. Palma, Spain. 2-4 July, 2018.. International Association of Technology, Education and Development (IATED) www.iated.org
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Preparing for Masters´ Studies: A Web Based Tool For Self-Assessment and Knowledge Gap Mitigation
2018 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper presents a project, conducted by three European universities and a software company, funded by Erasmus +, Strategic Partnership. The project addresses the problem that sometime masters´ students do not get their degree within the allocated time, if at all. Apparently some students with the formal prerequisites to register for a master's programme still lacked the actual abilities to manage their studies.

The solution was to design an online HTML5 platform to house self-assessment and learning resource modules for four different master's programmes in Europe. The modules were intended to illustrate the level and abilities that potential applicants were supposed to bring into their studies by a self-assessment test. In case lacking abilities were revealed, the modules offer learning resources to mitigate those gaps.

The access modules provides potential students with a visualization of twelve different skills and knowledge as compared to those identified by lecturers as necessary for study on the master's course. If there are weak spots identified, the students are presented with a series of learning interventions designed to remedy their ability flaws.  

The authors suggest that providing potential students with this kind of material can raise their awareness of what the programme really takes. In this way students with false expectations can be avoided and the ones who applies come better prepared, which the use of access modules potentially can leads to improved enrolment, completion rate, time-to-degree and retention in a wide range of academic programmes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
International Association of Technology, Education and Development (IATED) www.iated.org, 2018
Keywords
information and communication technology, e-learning, Open Educational Resources, higher learning institutions, developing countries, Engineering Education
National Category
Pedagogy Other Social Sciences
Research subject
Teacher Education and Education Work
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-15461 (URN)978-84-09-02709-5 (ISBN)
Conference
10th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. Palma, Spain. 2-4 July, 2018.
Available from: 2018-12-14 Created: 2018-12-14 Last updated: 2019-01-03Bibliographically approved
Kadi, N., Baghaei, B. & Skrifvars, M. (Eds.). (2018). The effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic bio-composite. Paper presented at Aachen-Dresden-Denkendorf International Textile Conference 2018, Stuttgart, November 29-30, 2018. Italy: www.aachen-dresden-denkendorf.de/itc
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The effect of process parameters on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic bio-composite
2018 (English)Conference proceedings (editor) (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Italy: www.aachen-dresden-denkendorf.de/itc, 2018. p. 2
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Research subject
Textiles and Fashion (General)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-15418 (URN)
Conference
Aachen-Dresden-Denkendorf International Textile Conference 2018, Stuttgart, November 29-30, 2018
Available from: 2018-12-04 Created: 2018-12-04 Last updated: 2019-01-09Bibliographically approved
Kadi, N., Baghaei, B. & Skrifvars, M. (2018). Using Finite Element Simulation to Optimize Thermoplastic Bio - Composites Process Parameters [Review]. Paper presented at 115th The IRES International Conference, Medina, May 15-16, 2018. International Journal of Management and Applied Science, 4, 73-75
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Using Finite Element Simulation to Optimize Thermoplastic Bio - Composites Process Parameters
2018 (English)In: International Journal of Management and Applied Science, ISSN 2394-7926, Vol. 4, p. 73-75Article, book review (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The use of thermoplastic composite is clearly of higher potential because of: good impact strength, easier recycling, faster processing conditions (no time for curing is required), possibility of production in longer series, lower cost, absence of toxic solvents and higher fracture toughness and elongation on the fracture. Natural fibres today are a popular choice for applications in composite manufacturing. In fact, a major challenge for natural fibre reinforced composites is to achieve high mechanical performance at competitive prices. This paper investigates the processing parameters for the compression moulding of hemp/PLA hybrid yarn bio-composites and their effect on the final mechanical properties. Finite element simulations are used to develop and assess the processing parameters pressure, temperature, and time. The application of the simulation analysis results in considerably reduced the processing times from initially 10 minutes to only 2 minutes, and improved the mechanical bio-composite

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
India: , 2018
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Research subject
Textiles and Fashion (General)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14751 (URN)
Conference
115th The IRES International Conference, Medina, May 15-16, 2018
Available from: 2018-07-12 Created: 2018-07-12 Last updated: 2019-01-09Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-4509-0647

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